Architecture Culture, Humanitarian Expertise:

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anooradha Iyer Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Building Design ◽  
Joint Activity ◽  
Joint Construction ◽  
Mutual Interest ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Anchor Points ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Shared Mission

Architecture Culture, Humanitarian Expertise: From the Tropics to Shelter, 1953–93 recovers a history of architecture and humanitarianism through an examination of institutions and the development of a subfield of professional practice. Charting mutual interest between major humanitarian agencies and the architecture and planning professions, Anooradha Iyer Siddiqi maps the joint construction of expertise, tying together three sets of concerns: preoccupations with the tropics and climate as anchor points for the science and rationalization behind building design, the institutionalization of humanitarian spatial expertise in the academy and industry, and a tension between models for development and for relief. This joint activity and its discursive themes, from the “tropics” to “shelter”—whether aggrandizing or instrumentalizing the shared mission of architecture and humanitarianism—raised the stakes for architectural expertise as a driver for practice as well as history.

Stuttgarter Rede über Architektur

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-104
Author(s):  
Friedrich Kittler
Keyword(s):  
Media History ◽  
Media System ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture

Der Vortrag schlägt vor, nicht mehr den Menschen als letzte Referenz und vertrauten Maßstab der Architektur zu setzen, sondern Architekturen als Mediensysteme zu denken. Eine noch ungeschriebene Mediengeschichte der Architektur sollte daher auch und gerade in historischer Absicht nach formalen Entsprechungen zwischen Techniken des Entwerfens und solchen der Bauten suchen, in denen Praxis und Produkt zusammenfallen. </br></br>The paper proposes the consideration of architecture(s) as a media system, instead of imposing man as its ultimate reference and known measure. A media history of architecture – which remains to be written – should therefore search for formal correspondences between techniques of drafting and those of buildings, in which practice and product coincide.

scholarly journals Ancestry and evolution of seasonal migration in the Parulidae

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1728) ◽  
pp. 610-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin M. Winger ◽  
Irby J. Lovette ◽  
David W. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Seasonal Migration ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Migratory Behaviour ◽  
Wood Warbler ◽  
Wood Warblers ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Tropics

Seasonal migration in birds is known to be highly labile and subject to rapid change in response to selection, such that researchers have hypothesized that phylogenetic relationships should neither predict nor constrain the migratory behaviour of a species. Many theories on the evolution of bird migration assume a framework that extant migratory species have evolved repeatedly and relatively recently from sedentary tropical or subtropical ancestors. We performed ancestral state reconstructions of migratory behaviour using a comprehensive, well-supported phylogeny of the Parulidae (the ‘wood-warblers’), a large family of Neotropical and Nearctic migratory and sedentary songbirds, and examined the rates of gain and loss of migration throughout the Parulidae. Counter to traditional hypotheses, our results suggest that the ancestral wood-warbler was migratory and that losses of migration have been at least as prevalent as gains throughout the history of Parulidae. Therefore, extant sedentary tropical radiations in the Parulidae represent losses of latitudinal migration and colonization of the tropics from temperate regions. We also tested for phylogenetic signal in migratory behaviour, and our results indicate that although migratory behaviour is variable within some wood-warbler species and clades, phylogeny significantly predicts the migratory distance of species in the Parulidae.

Building simply: ethic or aesthetic? Thinking and making in an era of specialisation

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 112-117
Author(s):  
Gordon Murray
Keyword(s):  
Design Research ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Recent History ◽  
Surface Appearance ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Aesthetic Thinking

The recent history of architecture can be characterised as a battle between attention-grabbing, ‘iconic’ buildings and a counteracting tendency towards the aesthetically reduced, even avowedly ‘minimal’. But beneath the surface appearance of these contrasting formal tendencies – restless or serene, as demanded by their aesthetic ideals – the means of building have become relentlessly more complex to meet ever more demanding environmental and other performance requirements. It was against this background that the Design Research Unit at Cardiff University convened a one-day symposium to explore the possibility of ‘Building Simply’: the topic proved, not unexpectedly, elusive. Below we publish some reflections by Gordon Murray on some of the issues raised, and these are followed by three design papers – by Pierre d'Avoine, Roland Raderschall and the organisers – that addressed the topic from differing perspectives.

scholarly journals Mortar mixes with oxblood: historical background, model sample recipes and properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 19-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhang ◽  
Laura Rampazzi ◽  
Maria Pia Riccardi ◽  
Antonio Sansonetti ◽  
Alberto Grimoldi
Keyword(s):  
Building Materials ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
Organic Additives ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Historical Building ◽  
Model Sample ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
History Of Use

Abstract. In this survey we present studies on mortar mixes added with oxblood, which was a commonly found local waste material, with a wide application and long history of use; a precise recipe of lime–pozzolan mortar with blood addition from a 19th-century Italian manual was chosen, and model samples were prepared accordingly, with the aim of better understanding the chemical, mineralogical and physical characteristics of such compositions, starting with a blank reference specimen. The specimens were analysed by means of scanning electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction, and the results suggested that amorphous calcium carbonate could be formed in the specimens with oxblood addition. These preliminary results allow a better understanding of historical building practices, measuring effects induced by organic additives on mortar microstructure, as well as an evaluation of new performances obtained in mortar mixes. Moreover, this paper intends to propose a full multi-discipline approach to bridge the history of architecture and building materials to conservation science.

scholarly journals O desenho digital e as paisagens patrimoniais. Convento da Madre Deus de Monchique, no Porto

CEM ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 57-74
Author(s):  
Tiago Trindade Cruz
Keyword(s):  
Digital Technology ◽  
Urban Research ◽  
Urban Structures ◽  
Built Heritage ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
New Research ◽  
The City ◽  
Historical Periods

This article is part of a broader reflection on the digital drawing and new research metho‑ dologies in the History of Architecture. Aiming to reflect on the concept of Heritage Landscape, it starts from the old monastic structure of Monchique, in the city of Porto, as an experimental labora‑ tory for architectural and urban research. It is known that digital technology makes it possible to reconstruct elements from other eras, whose time has transformed or disappeared. In this context, and using digital drawing, the recognition of the built heritage and urban structures is sought through a synchronic and diachronic interpretation, attentive to the different historical periods and their specificities.

Balance of the built environment in structural terms

BUILDER ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
Wojciech Januszewski
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Spatial Scale ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Healthy Environment ◽  
Binary Oppositions ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Architecture ◽  
Proper Design ◽  
Internal Relationships

he s ubject o f t his w ork i s a n i ndepth analysis of the structure of the built environment as a system of organised relations. Three elementary aspects expressed in binary oppositions were distinguished: interior – exterior (formal aspect), individual – collective (social aspect), variable – permanent (dynamic aspect). These aspects reflect the diverse psychophysical needs and existential states of a human being. The reorganisation of a habitat is a change in the internal relationships of these categories in a specific region and spatial scale. A healthy environment can be defined as one that balances polar categories at each level of the analysis. Reforms and re-evaluations in the built environment can be interpreted as attempts to restore balance, as illustrated with examples from the history of architecture and urban planning. The results of the work contribute to the general theory of the built environment, essential for the proper design process in a wide spectrum of spatial scale.

Global streamers: Placing the transnational at the heart of TV culture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean K. Chalaby
Keyword(s):  
Professional Practice ◽  
Video On Demand ◽  
Video Sharing ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Transnational Media ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Media Globalization ◽  
Tv Culture

As media globalization has progressed, transnational media have evolved, and this article contends that a new generation has emerged. The first that developed in the latter part of the twentieth century consists of cross-border TV networks and formats. The second is the rise of streaming platforms. During the first generation, the transnational remained a professional practice out of viewers’ reach. With the arrival of the second generation, the transnational has become an everyday mode of media consumption and interaction. Online entertainment services have altered the status of the transnational within TV culture, and what was once at the margins now sits at the core. This article theorizes the notion of the transnational before examining the first and second generations of cross-border media. Considering the advent of streaming, it divides the market into three spaces: subscription video on demand (SVoD), advertising video on demand (AVoD) and video sharing. This article demonstrates how transnational consumption makes SVoD platforms more cosmopolitan than cross-border TV networks. Turning to video-sharing platforms – YouTube in particular – it argues that in the history of TV culture this constitutes a shift in status of the transnational by turning a professional practice into a popular one performed by millions. Based on interviews, this article shows how international access lowers the threshold of economic viability for content creators, while users get involved in cross-border conversations through memetic videos and comments. It is no longer place but technology that determines the fate of stories and ideas, and internet delivery has loosened the ties between TV culture and national culture more than ever.

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