scholarly journals From Bio-waste to Bone Substitute

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-71
Author(s):  
Antonia Ressler ◽  
Karla Zadro ◽  
Hrvoje Ivanković ◽  
Marica Ivanković ◽  
Matija Cvetnić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Nanocomposite Structure ◽  
Na Ions ◽  
Biomimetic Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Interconnected Pores

Nanocomposite structure of the bone can be mimicked by chitosan/hydroxyapatite (CS/HAp) composite scaffold. Biological hydroxyapatite (HAp) contains various ions, which have a crucial role in bone growth. The aim of the present work was to synthesize biomimetic hydroxyapatite and prepare composite scaffolds based on chitosan, where HAp was synthesised from hen eggshells, seashells and cuttlefish bone. The powders were composed of nano-structured calcium deficient HAp and amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP). In the as-prepared powders, Sr2+, Mg2+ and Na+ ions were detected as a result of using biogenic precursor of Ca2+ ions. Highly porous CS/HAp structures have been prepared by freeze-gelation technique. The CS/HAp scaffolds have shown highly porous structure with very well interconnected pores and homogeneously dispersed HAp particles. The MTT assay of CS/HAp scaffolds has shown no toxicity, and the live/dead assay has confirmed good viability and proliferation of seeded cells.

scholarly journals PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POROUS HYDROXYAPATITE AND ALGINATE COMPOSITE SCAFFOLDS FOR BONE TISSUE ENGINEERING

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Decky J Indrani ◽  
Emil Budiyanto ◽  
Hayun Hayun
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Precipitation ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Cyclic Ether ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Porous Hydroxyapatite ◽  
Interconnected Pores

Objective: To prepare and characterize composite scaffolds of a hydroxyapatite (HA) and an alginate having high viscosity.Materials and Methods: HA powder was synthesized using wet chemical precipitation, the alginate powder was extracted from the Sargassum duplicatum seaweed, and the HA/alginate composite scaffolds were prepared by freeze-drying. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared techniques were utilized to characterize the HA and alginate, and electron microscopy was used to evaluate the HA and the HA/alginate composite scaffolds. The HA/alginate composite scaffold obtained from the commercially available HA and alginate powders were employed as a comparison.Results: Synthesized HAs were identified as the HA phase, which contained absorbed water, phosphate, and carbonate groups. The extracted alginate contained the carboxyl, cyclic ether and hydroxyl groups. The scaffolds prepared from the HA and alginate mixture were three-dimensional and containing interconnected pores with a diameter ranging from 150 to 300 µm and pore walls of a composite construction.Conclusion: A three-dimensional scaffold was produced using a freeze-drying method from a composite of HA and the high viscosity alginate solution. The scaffold was highly porous and showed interconnected pores, with a diameter ranging from 150 to 300 µm.

Fabrication and Characterisation of Polymer and Composite Scaffolds Based on Polyhydroxybutyrate and Polyhydroxybutyrate-Co-Hydroxyvalerate

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 1229-1232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naznin Sultana ◽  
Min Wang
Keyword(s):  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Polymer Scaffolds ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Fabrication And Characterization ◽  
Fabrication Parameters ◽  
Highly Porous ◽  
Interconnected Pores

This paper reports the fabrication and characterization of three-dimensional, highly porous polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), polyhydroxybutyrate-co-valerate (PHBV) and composite scaffolds made by the emulsion freezing / freezing-drying technique. Freeze-drying of the polymer/solvent/ water phase emulsions produced hard and tough scaffolds with interconnected pores. The effects of the fabrication parameters such as polymer concentration in emulsions and emulsion stabilizer were examined and optimized. The density of polymer scaffolds was found to increase with an increasing polymer concentration. Structural analyses of selected samples using scanning electron microscopy indicated that the scaffolds had pore sizes ranging from several microns to a few hundred microns. The porosity of scaffolds of up to 85% was achieved and it increased with a decreasing polymer concentration. It was found that mechanical properties of composite scaffolds increased with the increasing amount of hydroxyapatite (HA) incorporated in the scaffolds.

Mesoporous silica nanoparticles/gelatin porous composite scaffolds with localized and sustained release of vancomycin for treatment of infected bone defects

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-752 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaojun Zhou ◽  
Weizong Weng ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Wei Feng ◽  
Weizhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoporous Silica ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Porous Composite ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Release Property ◽  
Antibiotic Release ◽  
Highly Porous

A highly porous composite scaffold with localized and sustained antibiotic release property for treatment of infected bone defects.

Evaluations of clinical-grade bone substitute-combined simvastatin carriers to enhance bone growth: In vitro and in vivo analyses

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tien-Ching Lee ◽  
Yan-Hsiung Wang ◽  
Shih-Hao Huang ◽  
Chung-Hwan Chen ◽  
Mei-Ling Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Company ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Bone Growth ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Clinical Grade ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Non Union

We demonstrated in a value-added study that the combination of calcium phosphate–based bone substitute (MaxiBone® bioceramics) and simvastatin/poly lactic- co-glycolic acid (SIMm) carriers which were fabricated by GMP pharmaceutical company and underwent our patterned double-emulsion technique can promote bone growth. The average size distribution of SIMm, the encapsulation efficacy, and the in vitro release profile of simvastatin in SIMm over 14 days were investigated in this study. Based on the results of Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase activity, the released simvastatin of SIMm can effectively induce osteogenesis of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (D1 cells). In the non-union fracture model of animal study, the MaxiBone bioceramics group and MaxiBone bioceramics with SIMm group showed a significant increase in the percentages of new bone matrix compared with the control group and SIMm groups at the 8th and 10th weeks. Moreover, the MaxiBone bioceramics with SIMm group showed the strongest effect in new bone formation among these groups. We concluded that the calcium phosphate–based ceramics of MaxiBone combined with SIMm can accelerate osteogenic differentiation and bone growth in vitro and in vivo. Our results provide a proof of concept that SIMm can play as an osteoinductive material and the combination with bone substitutes with osteoconductive property effectively enhance bone growth, and this treatment is value added for clinical application, especially in the healing of large bone defects or non-union. Graphical abstract. The clinical-grade calcium phosphate–based bone substitute combined SIM/PLGA/HAp microspheres were fabricated by GMP pharmaceutical company to promote bone growth in bone defect model of mice.

scholarly journals A composite scaffold of Wharton’s jelly and chondroitin sulphate loaded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells repairs articular cartilage defects in rat knee

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Li ◽  
Yikang Bi ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Chao Chen ◽  
Lu Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Biomechanical Properties ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Articular Cartilage Defects

AbstractTo evaluate the performance of a composite scaffold of Wharton’s jelly (WJ) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) and the effect of the composite scaffold loaded with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) in repairing articular cartilage defects, two experiments were carried out. The in vitro experiments involved identification of the hUCMSCs, construction of the biomimetic composite scaffolds by the physical and chemical crosslinking of WJ and CS, and testing of the biomechanical properties of both the composite scaffold and the WJ scaffold. In the in vivo experiments, composite scaffolds loaded with hUCMSCs and WJ scaffolds loaded with hUCMSCs were applied to repair articular cartilage defects in the rat knee. Moreover, their repair effects were evaluated by the unaided eye, histological observations, and the immunogenicity of scaffolds and hUCMSCs. We found that in vitro, the Young’s modulus of the composite scaffold (WJ-CS) was higher than that of the WJ scaffold. In vivo, the composite scaffold loaded with hUCMSCs repaired rat cartilage defects better than did the WJ scaffold loaded with hUCMSCs. Both the scaffold and hUCMSCs showed low immunogenicity. These results demonstrate that the in vitro construction of a human-derived WJ-CS composite scaffold enhances the biomechanical properties of WJ and that the repair of knee cartilage defects in rats is better with the composite scaffold than with the single WJ scaffold if the scaffold is loaded with hUCMSCs.

Preparation and characterization of nano biphasic calcium phosphate/poly-L-lactide composite scaffold

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weizhong Yang ◽  
Yong Yi ◽  
Yuan Ma ◽  
Li Zhang ◽  
Jianwen Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Pore Wall ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffold ◽  
Plla Scaffold

AbstractNano biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) particles were synthesized using the sol-gel method. As-prepared BCP particles were combined with poly-L-lactide (PLLA) to fabricate nano-BCP/PLLA composite scaffold through a series of processing steps containing solvent self-diffusion, hot-pressing, and particulate leaching. The composite had a suitable porous structure for bone tissue engineering scaffold. In comparison, micro-BCP/PLLA scaffold was studied as well. Nano-BCP particles were distributed homogeneously in the PLLA matrix, and much more tiny crystallites exposed on the surface of the pore wall. Due to the finer inorganic particle distribution in the PLLA phase and the larger area of the bioactive phase exposed in the pore wall surface, nano-BCP/PLLA scaffold had enhanced compressive strength, good bioactivity, and superior cell viability. A nonstoichiometric apatite layer could be rapidly formed on the surface of nano- BCP/PLLA when soaked in simulated body fluid. The MG-63 cell viability of nano-BCP/PLLA scaffold is significantly higher than that of micro-BCP/PLLA scaffold. Therefore, nano-BCP/PLLA composite may be a suitable alternative for bone tissue engineering scaffold.

scholarly journals Biphasic calcium phosphate as a bone substitute

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pluta Klaudia ◽  
Walczyk Dorota ◽  
Sobczak-Kupiec Agnieszka ◽  
Malina Dagmara ◽  
Tyliszczak Bozena
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Substitute ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate

scholarly journals Treatment of osteomyelitis defects by a vancomycin-loaded gelatin/β-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhou ◽  
X. G. Zhou ◽  
J. W. Wang ◽  
H. Zhou ◽  
J. Dong
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Chronic Osteomyelitis ◽  
Composite Scaffold ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
Extended Duration ◽  
Thorough Debridement

Objective In the present study, we aimed to assess whether gelatin/β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) composite porous scaffolds could be used as a local controlled release system for vancomycin. We also investigated the efficiency of the scaffolds in eliminating infections and repairing osteomyelitis defects in rabbits. Methods The gelatin scaffolds containing differing amounts of of β-TCP (0%, 10%, 30% and 50%) were prepared for controlled release of vancomycin and were labelled G-TCP0, G-TCP1, G-TCP3 and G-TCP5, respectively. The Kirby-Bauer method was used to examine the release profile. Chronic osteomyelitis models of rabbits were established. After thorough debridement, the osteomyelitis defects were implanted with the scaffolds. Radiographs and histological examinations were carried out to investigate the efficiency of eliminating infections and repairing bone defects. Results The prepared gelatin/β-TCP scaffolds exhibited a homogeneously interconnected 3D porous structure. The G-TCP0 scaffold exhibited the longest duration of vancomycin release with a release duration of eight weeks. With the increase of β-TCP contents, the release duration of the β-TCP-containing composite scaffolds was decreased. The complete release of vancomycin from the G-TCP5 scaffold was achieved within three weeks. In the treatment of osteomyelitis defects in rabbits, the G-TCP3 scaffold showed the most efficacious performance in eliminating infections and repairing bone defects. Conclusions The composite scaffolds could achieve local therapeutic drug levels over an extended duration. The G-TCP3 scaffold possessed the optimal porosity, interconnection and controlled release performance. Therefore, this scaffold could potentially be used in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis defects. Cite this article: J. Zhou, X. G. Zhou, J. W. Wang, H. Zhou, J. Dong. Treatment of osteomyelitis defects by a vancomycin-loaded gelatin/β-tricalcium phosphate composite scaffold. Bone Joint Res 2018;7:46–57. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.71.BJR-2017-0129.R2.

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