scholarly journals Potential prevention of diabetes and obesity by achieving macronutrient balance: a guide for diet and fast food

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69
Author(s):  
James EL Mackintosh ◽  
Jeminie Patel Mistry ◽  
Sarah N Ali ◽  
Vinod Patel
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
Discrete Amount ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

Protein is the most satiating macronutrient. Animal studies have indicated that there may be a discrete amount of protein that an individual seeks to consume each day. Given this to be true, a person will continue to eat until this amount of protein has been consumed. Once the target is met, hunger signals are switched off. By altering the proportion of protein in a diet, you can affect how many calories are required to meet this target. A diet with a protein content >15% drives weight loss through the reduction of calories consumed to meet protein needs. We hypothesise that changing the proportion of calories from protein in a person’s diet from 12% to 20% could alter their total intake by 1000 kcal each day. This equates to a weight change of 0.9 kg each week. Maintaining a healthy weight is not as simple as changing a single variable. Eating habits in the UK are governed by a range of complex interdependent factors including hunger, emotions, cost, accessibility, education and culture. However, we suggest that by addressing satiety, and thereby hunger, we may remove a significant barrier for those trying to alter their diet for weight loss.

scholarly journals Did the weight loss in the Prevention of Diabetes and Obesity in South Asians (PODOSA) trial differ by sex? An exploratory analysis

Public Health ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Cezard ◽  
A. Douglas ◽  
J.M.R. Gill ◽  
J. McKnight ◽  
A. Sheikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Exploratory Analysis ◽  
Prevention Of Diabetes ◽  
Diabetes And Obesity

scholarly journals Periconception Weight Loss: Common Sense for Mothers, but What about for Babies?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine Matusiak ◽  
Helen L. Barrett ◽  
Leonie K. Callaway ◽  
Marloes Dekker Nitert
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Clinical Practice Guidelines ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Periconceptional Period ◽  
Nutritional Restriction ◽  
Potential Risks

Obesity in the childbearing population is increasingly common. Obesity is associated with increased risk for a number of maternal and neonatal pregnancy complications. Some of these complications, such as gestational diabetes, are risk factors for long-term disease in both mother and baby. While clinical practice guidelines advocate for healthy weight prior to pregnancy, there is not a clear directive for achieving healthy weight before conception. There are known benefits to even moderate weight loss prior to pregnancy, but there are potential adverse effects of restricted nutrition during the periconceptional period. Epidemiological and animal studies point to differences in offspring conceived during a time of maternal nutritional restriction. These include changes in hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function, body composition, glucose metabolism, and cardiovascular function. The periconceptional period is therefore believed to play an important role in programming offspring physiological function and is sensitive to nutritional insult. This review summarizes the evidence to date for offspring programming as a result of maternal periconception weight loss. Further research is needed in humans to clearly identify benefits and potential risks of losing weight in the months before conceiving. This may then inform us of clinical practice guidelines for optimal approaches to achieving a healthy weight before pregnancy.

Longing for a taste of home

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (12) ◽  
pp. 3281-3292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorraine Brown ◽  
Crispin Farbrother ◽  
Josephine Dazam
Keyword(s):  
Fast Food ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Culture ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Nigerian Students ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose this paper is to offer an understanding of the role of food in the adjustment journey of Nigerian students in the UK. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was used, involving interviews with ten Nigerians studying in the UK. Findings Thematic analysis revealed that participants found the food they ate locally to be bland and fattening, and that they quickly adopted a home country diet, using ingredients bought locally or sent and brought from home to recreate Nigerian dishes. Eating Nigerian food had a positive emotional impact, and it was also a vehicle for social interaction. Research limitations/implications It is acknowledged that this is a small-scale preliminary study that could be extended across the UK with a more quantitative approach to get a broader picture of the eating habits of Nigerian students at British Universities. There is also an opportunity to widen it to include other African states which are neglected within the present literature. A more longitudinal study picking up migrants could also explore how adjustments have been made in their eating habits. Participants in this research equated fast food with local, English food due to their limited access to authentic local cuisine. Practical implications There are practical implications of this study whereby actions can be taken to help avoid the negative impacts experienced causing concerns in around mental well-being and poor health. Originality/value This study fills a gap in knowledge on how this important segment of the international student population adapts to a new food culture.

scholarly journals FACTORS AFFECTING THE PREFERENCE OF POPULATION IN LOSING WEIGHT BY EITHER BARIATRIC SURGERIES OR CONSERVATIVE STRATEGIES IN SAUDI ARABIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 951-959
Author(s):  
Tamer M. Abd Elrahman ◽  
◽  
Nada E. Algethami ◽  
Rahma A. Algethami ◽  
Raghad S. Aljuaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objectives: To assess factors affecting Saudi population preference in losing weight either by bariatric surgeries or by conservative strategies. Methods: A cross sectional study was done using a self-administered questionnaire distributed online. Study was done on 518 participants (group 1) who did not prefer to undergo bariatric surgery and preferred conservative strategies in weight reduction and group 2 (84 participants) who preferred to undergo bariatric surgery. Results: Participants in group 1 and group 2 represented 86% and 14% of the sample. Group II had a significant higher percent of obese and per-obese individuals, who usually eat basic meals every day, who usually have soft drinks as beverages, who eat fast food for more than 2 times weekly, who had more than 6 attempts to lose weight in the last 5 years and who thought that their families would support their efforts in improving their food habits. Group II had a statistically significant higher percent of those who consider bariatric surgery as an effective tool for weight loss, who believed that they would lose more weight with bariatric surgery, and who believe that surgery will cause a drastic change in their lifestyle. Group 1 had a significant higher percent of those who eat fruit and vegetables every day, who reported always practicing physical activity during the entire year. Conclusion: Factors affecting the preference of weight loss were eating habits, physical activity, and attempt of dieting. An efficient health education programs about bariatric surgeries is needed to correct misconceptions regarding the surgery.

scholarly journals Influence of COVID-19 on lifestyle behaviors in the Middle East and North Africa Region: a survey of 5896 individuals

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abouzid ◽  
◽  
Dina M. El-Sherif ◽  
Nael Kamel Eltewacy ◽  
Nesrine Ben Hadj Dahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Behaviors ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has affected health and lifestyle behaviors of people globally. This project aims to identify the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle behavior of individuals in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region during confinement. Methods We conducted an online survey in 17 countries (Egypt, Jordan, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, Yemen, Syria, Palestine, Algeria, Morocco, Libya, Tunisia, Iraq, and Sudan) from the MENA region on August and September 2020. The questionnaire included self-reported information on lifestyle behaviors, including physical activity, eating habits, smoking, watching television, social media use and sleep before and during the pandemic. Logistic regression was performed to analyze the impact of COVID-19 on lifestyle behaviors. Results A total of 5896 participants were included in the final analysis and 62.8% were females. The BMI of the participants was 25.4 ± 5.8 kg/m2. Around 38.4% of the participants stopped practicing any physical activities during the confinement (P < 0.001), and 57.1% reported spending more than 2 h on social media (P < 0.001). There were no significant changes in smoking habits. Also, 30.9% reported an improvement in their eating habits compared with 24.8% reported worsening of their eating habits. Fast-food consumption decreased significantly in 48.8% of the study population. This direct/indirect exposure to COVID-19 was associated with an increased consumption of carbohydrates (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.02–1.17; P = 0.01), egg (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = 1.02–1.16; P = 0.01), sugar (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.02–1.16; P = 0.02), meat, and poultry (OR = 1.13; 95% CI = 1.06–1.20; P < 0.01). There was also associated increase in hours spent on watching television (OR = 1.07; 95% CI = 1.02–1.12; P < 0.01) and social media (OR = 1.09; 95% CI = 1.01–1.18; P = 0.03). However, our results showed a reduction in sleeping hours among those exposed to COVID-19 infection (OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.77–0.94; P < 0.01). Conclusions The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with an increase in food consumption and sedentary life. Being exposed to COVID-19 by direct infection or through an infected household is a significant predictor of amplifying these changes. Public health interventions are needed to address healthy lifestyle behaviors during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

scholarly journals Effect of Mixed Nuts on Body Weight and Composition, and Gut Microbiome (P08-054-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih Lung Woo ◽  
Dina Ben-Nissan ◽  
Zahra Ezzat-Zadeh ◽  
Jieping Yang ◽  
Lijun Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Plasma Lipids ◽  
Plasma Lipid ◽  
Healthy Weight ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Tree Nuts

Abstract Objectives This study was designed to assess the effects of mixed nut consumption on body weight and composition, and gut microbiome in obese individuals. Primary outcome was change in body weight and composition. Secondary outcomes include gut microbiome composition, inflammatory markers, and plasma lipids. Methods The reported results are from an interim analysis (n = 50) of a randomized, placebo controlled, parallel study. Total enrollment target is 154 overweight/obese subjects (BMI 27–35 kg/m2). Participants were randomly assigned to consume either 1.5oz mixed tree nuts or pretzels with equal calorie content daily for 24 weeks. The study included a 12-week weight loss phase (500 kcal per day less than total daily energy expenditure), followed by a 12-week weight maintenance phase. Body composition, fasting blood, and stool samples were collected at baseline, week 12 and 24. Body composition, and vitals were analyzed, whereas plasma lipid profile, fecal microbiome, and microbiome metabolites analysis is still pending. Results At week 12, subjects from both the pretzel (n = 15, 10 dropouts; P = 0.009) and nut group (n = 22, 3 dropouts; P = 0.038) lost significant amount of weight. The trend of weight changes did not differ between groups (P = 0.530). Subjects from both groups were able to sustain weight loss through 24 weeks (pretzel: 81.43 ± 3.85 kg at baseline vs. 79.43 ± 4.08 kg at week 24, P = 0.028; nut: 84.26 ± 3.78 kg at baseline vs. 82.38 ± 3.72 kg at week 24, P = 0.026). At week 12, fat mass in both groups was significantly decreased (pretzel: P = 0.002; nut: P = 0.012). The trend of fat changes did not differ between groups (P = 0.547). Subjects from both groups were able to sustain fat loss through 24 weeks (pretzel: 30.84 ± 1.75 kg at baseline vs. 29.25 ± 2.12 kg at week 24, P = 0.024; nut: 31.51 ± 1.56 kg vs 30.21 ± 1.81 kg at week 24, P = 0.04). Muscle mass, and blood pressure were not significantly different between both groups. Conclusions Our data suggested that tree nuts could be consumed as part of a healthy weight loss meal plan without concern of causing weight gain. Further analysis of the remaining samples is needed to confirm results. Due to higher dropouts in the pretzel group, future intention-to-treat analysis is also needed to eliminate bias. Funding Sources This study is supported by the International Tree Nut Council.

scholarly journals Student engagement with sustainability: understanding the value–action gap

2014 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gareth Chaplin ◽  
Paul Wyton
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Sustainable Living ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Significant Barrier ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Insight Into

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the findings of research that aimed to determine what university students living in Unite accommodation in the UK understand about the concept of sustainable living. It considers what barriers they perceive to be standing in the way of following sustainable living practices. In particular, the research aimed to explore any value–action gap for the student population with a view to informing future actions to help close any gap. Design/methodology/approach – The study was completed through an online questionnaire survey of students living in halls of residence operated by provider The Unite Group Plc. The survey informed semi-structured interviews and focus groups that explored the issues raised in greater detail. Findings – It was found that students living in Unite properties believed sustainable living to be important, yet levels of understanding were very low and there appeared to be a wide value–action gap. Reasons for this are varied; however, an unexpected theme emerged around the association of effort and importance. There was a very strong association between sustainable living and recycling, which, therefore, saw the lack of adequate recycling facilities as a significant barrier to sustainable living. There were also issues around a lack of information, cost and respondents’ flatmates as further barriers. However, the most significant barrier was the displacement of responsibility for sustainable living to other people or organisations. Originality/value – Gaining an insight into the complexity of attitude and behaviour of students with the sustainability agenda will enable understanding that can be applied to activities that promote sustainability.

A systematic review of weight loss interventions for obese men in the UK. The ROMEO Project

Appetite ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
pp. 375
Author(s):  
C. Robertson ◽  
A. Avenell ◽  
F. Stewart ◽  
D. Archibald ◽  
F. Douglas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Weight Loss Interventions

The effect of feeding different protein sources on intake, milk yield, milk composition and liveweight in high yielding Holstein cows

1998 ◽  
Vol 1998 ◽  
pp. 202-202
Author(s):  
R J Mansbridge ◽  
J S Blake
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Holstein Cows ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Protein Sources ◽  
Sufficient Energy ◽  
Soyabean Meal ◽  
The Uk

High yielding cows require high quality diets to sustain milk yields and to minimise weight loss, metabolic disorders and fertility problems. Traditionally, these diets have contained fishmeal and soyabean meal, both widely regarded as good sources of high quality, digestible undegraded protein (DUP). However, there is increasing concern over the sustainability of world fish stocks and the BSE scare has increased public awareness to the extent that feeding animal protein to herbivores may become unacceptable in me future. This in turn has driven up the price of high quality imported vegetable proteins, such as soyabean meal. The aim of this study was to investigate whether fishmeal and soyabean meal could be replaced in the diet of high yielding cows, with protein sources grown in the UKIn a 12 week randomised block design experiment, 60 muciparous Holstein cows, on average 28 days calved at the start of the study, were fed total mixed rations based on grass silage and one of five protein mixtures. These were either 0.5 kg DM fishmeal + 0.7 kg DM soya + 2.5 kg DM rapeseed (PC), 1.3 kg DM soyabean + 2.3 kg DM rapeseed (PI), 3.8 kg DM lupins + 2.3 kg DM heat treated rapeseed (P2), 3.6 kg DM linseed + 1.4 kg DM rapeseed (P3) or 5.8 kg DM rapeseed (P4). Each diet was formulated to supply sufficient energy and metabolisable protein for maintenance + 43 litres and 0.75kg/d weight loss and to contain similiar levels of DUP (AFRC, 1993).

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