scholarly journals NEOČEKIVANI POBJEDNIK: USPON KARLA ROBERTA DO VLASTI

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mladen Ančić
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Conventional Wisdom ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Political Disputes

The author is analyzing the circumstances surrounding the planning, launching and carrying out the expedition intended to transfer Charles Robert from Southern Italy to Eastern Adriatic so that he could realize his inherited right to Crown of St. Stephen and the throne of the Kingdom of Hungary-Croatia. Contrary to the conventional wisdom in historiography, the author advocates a thesis that the expedition was organized not to enable Charles to realize his claim, but to remove him from Naples where he, being the heir to the local throne, was a potential source of political disputes and conflicts. Analyzing the details of the expedition and the contemporaries’ views on it (as found in the preserved sources), the author finds arguments for such a viewpoint. He also analyzes the developments that, in the early 14th century, generated a whole new political situation that in turn created an opportunity for Charles Robert to actually realize his potential claim to the throne.

scholarly journals Texture and composition of the Rosa Marina beach sands (Adriatic coast, southern Italy): a sedimentological/ecological approach

Geologos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo Moretti ◽  
Marcello Tropeano ◽  
A.J. (Tom) van Loon ◽  
Pasquale Acquafredda ◽  
Rossella Baldacconi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Statistical Parameters ◽  
Source Areas ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Physical Study ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Adriatic Coast ◽  
Beach Sands ◽  
Shell Fragments

Abstract Beach sands from the Rosa Marina locality (Adriatic coast, southern Italy) were analysed mainly microscopically in order to trace the source areas of their lithoclastic and bioclastic components. The main cropping out sedimentary units were also studied with the objective to identify the potential source areas of lithoclasts. This allowed to establish how the various rock units contribute to the formation of beach sands. The analysis of the bioclastic components allows to estimate the actual role of organisms regarding the supply of this material to the beach. Identification of taxa that are present in the beach sands as shell fragments or other remains was carried out at the genus or family level. Ecological investigation of the same beach and the recognition of sub-environments (mainly distinguished on the basis of the nature of the substrate and of the water depth) was the key topic that allowed to establish the actual source areas of bioclasts in the Rosa Marina beach sands. The sedimentological analysis (including a physical study of the beach and the calculation of some statistical parameters concerning the grain-size curves) shows that the Rosa Marina beach is nowadays subject to erosion.

scholarly journals Stepmother and stepson: Duchess Matilda in the power struggle after the death of her husband Barnim I, the Duke of Pomerania

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-99
Author(s):  
Mariola Freza‑Olczyk
Keyword(s):  
Complex Problem ◽  
General Information ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Political Situation

This essay presents the diplomatic relations between the Pomeranian Duke Bogusław IV and his stepmother, Duchess Matilda. Bogusław was the first son of Duke Barnim I and his second wife, Duchess Margaret of Mecklenburg. The first aim is to describe some general information relating to their personal life. Another crucial objective is to explore in greater detail the political situation in the Duchy of Pomerania towards the end of the 13th century and in the early 14th century. This is a complex problem because of the numerous conflicets between Duke Bogusław IV and the Margraviate of Brandenburg. His stepmother, Duchess Matilda, was a daughter of Margrave Otto III of Brandenburg. This fact had an immense influence on their diplomatic relations. In 1295, the Duchy of Pomerania was divided between Duke Bogusław IV and his half‑brother, Otto I. According to this agreement, Bogusław received Wolgast, and Otto Szczecin. The paper shows that in all likelihood Duchess Matilda contributed to this division of the duchy.

A coin hoard from Ayasuluk and the arrival of silver gigliati from Mediterranean Europe in early 14th-century western Anatolia

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Julian Baker ◽  
Lale Pancar
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Western Anatolia ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Southern France ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Eastern Aegean ◽  
Mediterranean Europe ◽  
Before And After

Abstract In 1972 a hoard of eight fine silver coins was discovered in or near the baptistery of the basilica of St John in Ayasuluk. It is now conserved at the Ephesus Archaeological Museum in Selçuk. The coins were minted in southern France, southern Italy and on the island of Rhodes, between ca AD 1303 and 1319 or perhaps a little later. Accordingly, a concealment date of ca 1320 or a bit later is proposed. While the currency which they represent (the gigliato) is well known from other finds of the area, the present hoard is relatively early and from a particularly significant location. This currency found great success in commercial contexts in the eastern Aegean and western Anatolia during the period ca 1325 to ca 1370. By contrast, this study reveals two initial phases in the establishment and further dissemination of the gigliato in a concentrated part of western Anatolia, one in 1304 and another before and after ca 1317. On both occasions the Catalans were instrumental in shaping these processes: initially as conquerors on behalf of the Byzantine emperors and then, from their new base in Greece, as allies of the Aydinogullari rulers of Ayasuluk. Additionally, it is proposed that this new gigliato currency might have been minted at Rhodes from the summer of 1319, after which it rapidly reached the Ephesus area in a military context.

Sicily and South Italy: the Background to Thucydides Books 6 and 7

1986 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Rutter
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
The Political ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
South Italy ◽  
Greek History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Of Greece

The story of the Greek settlements in Sicily and southern Italy is not commonly regarded as one of the 'central themes' of Greek history. For long periods, the paucity of documentary evidence means that there is little story to tell anyway, and when a history of events is possible, it is often because those events are closely linked with the more fully documented history of Greece itself. Such an occasion occurred in 415, when the Athenians decided to send a fleet to western waters, and subsequently to undertake the siege of Syracuse. These events, so vividly narrated by Thucydides in the polished narrative of Books 6 and 7, are often studied today, but many modern readers start with a disadvantage shared, as Thucydides would have us believe, with the majority of Athenians of his own day - ignorance of Sicily and its inhabitants. Thucydides responded by giving his readers an account of the various peoples who inhabited Sicily, to impress upon them the number and power of the cities and settlements on the island (6.2-6). This article offers a short introduction to the political situation the Athenians encountered in South Italy and Sicily. It is written with a minimum of documentation, apart from references to the text of Thucydides. (The spelling of proper names follows that used in the Penguin translation, from which quotations are also taken; some suggestions for further reading are given at the end.)

scholarly journals Le reintegre o platee dei Sanseverino di Bisignano: diritti e prelievo signorile nella Calabria settentrionale (secolo XV - prima metà del XVI)

2021 ◽  
pp. 73-151
Author(s):  
Riccardo Berardi
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Political System ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Local Networks ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
History Of

The aim of this paper is to reassess the history of the Sanseverino family, princes of Bisignano in Calabria in the Late Middle Ages; by focusing on a specific and unpublished source: the so-called “reintegre or platee” as written in the first half of the 16th century. These are public sources mostly enlisting properties and benefits; they serve the purpose of re-possessing the privileges taken from the princes themselves over the previous century. The paper will therefore focus not only on the management and character of the seigneurial landholdings but also on the reconstruction of both the local networks of power exerted on the population and the local political system. It will shed new light on the still debated historiographical issue centered on the seigneurial authority in southern Italy by assessing its local rooting and pervasiveness since the 14th century.

scholarly journals Social and Political Destabilization in Byzantium in the Early 14th Century: Causes and Consequences

2020 ◽  
pp. 206-230
Author(s):  
Pavel Lysikov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
European Part ◽  
Asia Minor ◽  
State Control ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
Policy Failures

Introduction. For the considerably weakened Byzantine state the reign of emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos (1282–1328) was mainly a time of foreign policy failures and internal contradictions. These latter became noticeably aggravated at the very early 14th century against the background of the Turkish conquest to which Asia Minor was subjected and the simultaneous Catalan mercenaries’ revolt which hit the European part of the empire. During this period seven internal conflicts different in character and form are recorded. Our goal is to determine the content of these movements, specificity of their genesis and development, their consequences for Byzantium as well. Analysis and Results. As a result of the study we found out that the Turkish attacks and the Catalan revolt launched important economic, social and political processes which caused deepening of tension in relations between society and the state in Byzantium during this period. Among them we indicate: 1) the process of out-migration from Asia Minor to the European parts of the empire which was accompanied by extreme pauperization (and even lumpenization) of people who moved to Constantinople and its environs; 2) the process of destruction and marginalization of military contingents deployed in the east resulting in the loss of income and combat capability by soldiers; 3) the process of significant weakening of the centralized state control over remote regions worsened by the compelled circumstance of the war on two fronts. The effects of these processes directly reflected on the authority of the ruling emperor, weakened the position of power in the empire and took shape of numerous internal conflicts that had arisen and received (or had not received) development in this time. These conflicts had a significant impact on the destabilization of the domestic and foreign political situation in which the Byzantine state was during the first years of the 14th century. They touched many social groups to varying degrees, so that the period of time under study can justly be described as “society against power”.

scholarly journals Zadonshchina, Ryazan, and the Moscow Princely Family

Slovene ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-213
Author(s):  
Alexander V. Lavrentyev
Keyword(s):  
Medieval Literature ◽  
The Political ◽  
14Th Century ◽  
Political Situation ◽  
Don River ◽  
Military Victory ◽  
The Military ◽  
Outstanding Representative

This paper is devoted to the history and controversies surrounding the outstanding representative of Russian medieval literature from the late 14th century, the famous Zadonshchina. This work glorifies the military victory of the united forces of the Russian troops, led by Grand Prince Dmitry Donskoy, over the Tatar army on 8 September 1380, at Kulikovo Field near the Don River. This article presents arguments in favor of a Ryazan origin of the Zadonshchina text; furthermore, the article offers an explanation of the presence in the text of two “protagonists,” Grand Prince Dmitry Ivanovich and his cousin, Vladimir Andreyevich the Bold, Prince of Serpukhov. The joint rule of the “brothers” was a result of deaths caused by the plague in the Moscow ruling house, which took the dynasty to the brink of extinction. This feature of the political situation is reflected in the Zadonshchina text.

scholarly journals Preliminary Recognition of Geohazards at the Natural Reserve “Lachea Islet and Cyclop Rocks” (Southern Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1082
Author(s):  
Giovanna Pappalardo ◽  
Simone Mineo ◽  
Serafina Carbone ◽  
Carmelo Monaco ◽  
Domenico Catalano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Structural Data ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Scientific Development ◽  
Tourist Destination ◽  
Cultural Organization ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Natural Reserve ◽  
Starting Point

In this study, we present a preliminary recognition of geohazards at the natural reserve archipelago “Lachea Islet and Cyclop Rocks” by integrating infrared thermography (IRT) and morphological-aerial interpretation. The study area, located in the wider setting of the UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) World Heritage Mount Etna (eastern Sicily), is a worldwide renowned tourist destination suffering from a limited fruition due to the instability of rock masses. The peculiar setting of the area, represented by steep sea rocks and an islet, requires the employment of remote surveying methodologies for the preliminary slope characterization in the perspective of safe ground surveys. In this paper, IRT analysis allowed the recognition of signs of past rockfalls, as well as the presence of loose rock material likely laying in unstable conditions, thanks to the variation of the surface temperature characterizing the slope. The combination of IRT outcomes with morphological-aerial data allowed recognizing the potential source areas of future rockfalls, which were modeled through trajectory simulations. Results showed that a relevant strip of sea surrounding the studied sea rock could be crossed by falling blocks, suggesting the need of instituting a forbidden area for a safe fruition of the reserve. Furthermore, IRT allowed for the recognition of some peculiar features linked to the presence of tectonic lines. Such correspondence was validated by a comparison with literature structural data, proving the potential of such remote methodological approach. This represents a new aspect of the application of IRT to other fields of geosciences, thus representing a starting point for the scientific development of new technological branches.

How SIMS microscopy can be used in medicine

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1602-1603
Author(s):  
Philippe Fragu
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Elements ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
The Past ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Chemical Integrity ◽  
Scientific Endeavour

The identification, localization and quantification of intracellular chemical elements is an area of scientific endeavour which has not ceased to develop over the past 30 years. Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (SIMS) microscopy is widely used for elemental localization problems in geochemistry, metallurgy and electronics. Although the first commercial instruments were available in 1968, biological applications have been gradual as investigators have systematically examined the potential source of artefacts inherent in the method and sought to develop strategies for the analysis of soft biological material with a lateral resolution equivalent to that of the light microscope. In 1992, the prospects offered by this technique are even more encouraging as prototypes of new ion probes appear capable of achieving the ultimate goal, namely the quantitative analysis of micron and submicron regions. The purpose of this review is to underline the requirements for biomedical applications of SIMS microscopy.Sample preparation methodology should preserve both the structural and the chemical integrity of the tissue.

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