STUDIES ON THE AROMATISATION OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN PREGNANT WOMEN

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bolté ◽  
S. Mancuso ◽  
G. Eriksson ◽  
N. Wiqvist ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Therapeutic Abortion ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT In 15 cases of therapeutic abortion by laparotomy the placenta was disconnected from the foetus and perfused in situ with tracer amounts of radioactive dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (A), testosterone (T) and 17β-oestradiol (OE2). Analysis of the placentas, perfusates and urine samples revealed an extensive aromatisation of DHA, A and T; more than 70% of the radioactive material recovered was phenolic, and at least 80 % of this phenolic material was identified as oestrone (OE1), 17β-oestradiol (OE2) and oestriol (OE3), the latter being detected only in the urine. Comparative studies indicated that A and T were aromatised somewhat better than DHA and that all three unconjugated steroids were aromatised to a much greater extent than DHAS. Radioactive OE1 and OE2 were isolated and identified in the placentas and perfusates, but no OE3, epimeric oestriols, or ring D ketols could be detected in these sources, not even when human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was added to the blood prior to perfusion. Lack of placental 16-hydroxylation was also apparent when OE2 was perfused. Regardless of the precursor perfused, there was three times more OE2 than OE1 in the placenta and three times more OE1 than OE2 in the perfusate. This was also the case following perfusion with OE2. The results are interpreted as suggesting the existence in the pregnant human of a placental »barrier« limiting the passage of circulating androgen. The barrier consists of a) limited ability to transfer directly DHAS and b) an enzymic mechanism resulting in the rapid and extensive aromatisation of the important androgens DHA, A and T.

STUDIES ON THE AROMATISATION OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN PREGNANT WOMEN

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 576-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bolté ◽  
S. Mancuso ◽  
G. Eriksson ◽  
N. Wiqvist ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Umbilical Vein ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Therapeutic Abortion ◽  
Antecubital Vein

ABSTRACT In connection with therapeutic abortion, in two patients tracer amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone-4-14C sulphate (DHAS-4-14C) were injected into the umbilical vein and tracer amounts of dehydroepiandrosterone-7α-3H sulphate (DHAS-7α-3H) into an antecubital vein. The over-all aromatisation of the two labelled compounds in the presence of viable foetuses was studied by analysing the radioactive metabolites excreted in the urine during a period of 6 days. More than 25 per cent of the 3H-labelled metabolites and more than 75 per cent of the 14C-labelled metabolites recovered from the urine were phenolic in character. More than half of this phenolic radioactive material behaved as oestrone (OE1), 17β-oestradiol (OE2) and oestriol (OE3) when analysed by a modified Brown (1955) method. The OE3 to OE1 + OE2 ratio expressed as 14C incorporated into these three fractions was significantly higher in both patients than the corresponding ratio of 3H. Also the 3H to 14C ratio of urinary OE1 significantly exceeded that of OE3. The specific activity (S. A.) of OE3-7α-3H was by far lower than that of OE1-7α-3H, whereas the S. A. of OE3-4-14C differed much less from that of OE1-4-14C. A concept is presented describing the placental barrier to circulating androgen and the role of the placenta in the formation of OE1, OE2 and OE3.

Therapeutic use of gonadotrophins and clomiphene

1969 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 33-35
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Therapeutic Use ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Synthetic Compound ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Post Menopausal ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The three substances now used to stimulate the gonads in infertility are human follicle stimulating hormone (HFSH) obtained mainly from post-menopausal urine, but also from human pituitary glands, human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) extracted from the urine of pregnant women, and clomiphene (Clomid - Merrell), a synthetic compound which we reviewed in 1967.1

FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE URINE OF PREGNANT WOMEN

1957 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. BUTT ◽  
A. C. CROOKE ◽  
JOYCE D. INGRAM ◽  
BRENDA P. ROUND
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY 1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) has been obtained from the urine of pregnant women. 2. It was prepared by adsorption on kaolin from urine which had been treated with benzoic acid to remove excess human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and was assayed by the procedure which depends on the increase in ovarian weight of immature mice treated simultaneously with HCG. 3. Preliminary results are given for the assay of FSH in normal pregnancy.

URINARY FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN AND OESTROGENS DURING HUMAN PREGNANCY

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-772
Author(s):  
Noboru Watanabe ◽  
Mitsunori Seki ◽  
Katsuyoshi Seki ◽  
Terufumi Yoshihara
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Early Period ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Pregnancy ◽  
Rapid Fall ◽  
Urinary Fsh ◽  
Urine Specimens ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT Concentrations of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) were measured in randomly voided urine of 50 women during pregnancy by double antibody radioimmunoassay. Daily 24 h urine specimens were also collected once a week from 4 pregnant women from the early period of pregnancy up to delivery. In the 4 women, pregnancy was induced by the treatment with ovulatory agents. Urinary total oestrogens excretion as well as the FSH and HCG excretions were determined in the 24 h specimens. In the randomly voided urine, the concentration of FSH showed a tendency to increase progressively until term. The concentration of HCG was highest at weeks 9–12. Similar patterns of both the urinary FSH and HCG excretions were found in the serially collected 24 h specimens. However, continuous fluctuation in the FSH excretion was observed in two of the four cases followed throughout pregnancy. The urinary excretions of total oestrogens in 24 h specimens showed a relatively steady rise from week 16 and reached a peak before the onset of delivery. The excretion of total oestrogens as well as HCG showed a rapid fall after delivery.

scholarly journals Cross-reaction of human chorionic gonadotrophin in Immulite 2000 luteinizing hormone assay

2002 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-319
Author(s):  
S Vivekanandan ◽  
Charles E Andrew
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Reactivity ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Cross Reaction ◽  
Positive Bias ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Spiked Serum ◽  
Hormone Assay

Background and method The cross-reactivity of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) in the new DPC Immulite 2000 luteinizing hormone immunoassay was studied using sera from healthy pregnant women and pooled serum spiked with hCG standard IRP 75/537. Results and Conclusion Significant positive bias was seen in sera from pregnant women and in IRP 75/537 spiked serum.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE SEX OF THE FOETUS AND THE AMOUNT OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN PLACENTAE FROM THE 10TH TO THE 20TH WEEK OF PREGNANCY

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
LEIF WIDE ◽  
BRUCE HOBSON
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Therapeutic Abortion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARY Sixty-seven placentae were obtained by abdominal hysterotomy, between the 10th and 20th weeks of pregnancy, from women who had had a therapeutic abortion. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in extracts from these placentae was assayed by a biological and a radioimmunological method. When the concentration and total amount of HCG in placentae was related to the sex of the foetus no significant difference between 'male' and 'female' placentae was found. This is contrary to findings at term when there is a significant (P < 0·005) difference in the concentration of HCG/g and/placenta in 'male' and 'female' placentae. The amount of biologically active HCG in 'female' placentae significantly increased but was unchanged in 'male' placentae when the periods 10–20 and 37–41 weeks were compared. Similarly, the amount of immunologically active HCG in 'female' placentae was unchanged but in 'male' placentae it decreased. The possible reasons for the different results obtained with the biological and the radioimmunological assays are discussed.

THE IMMUNOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY OF HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN IN URINE

1964 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 632-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Hobson ◽  
Leif Wide
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activity ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Hydatidiform Mole ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Inhibition Reaction ◽  
Rat Seminal Vesicle

ABSTRACT When assayed against the International Standard for HCG the biological activity, as measured by the rat seminal vesicle method, of urines from women collected during the second half of pregnancy is lower than the immunological activity (haemagglutination inhibition reaction). Almost 100 % of the immunological and biological HCG activities were recovered from the acetone precipitates of such urines. A kaolin extract of these urines produced a partial separation of the immunological activity. About half of the immunological activity and almost all of the biological activity was recovered in the concentrate. In the supernatant, left after kaolin extraction, an immunologically active biologically inactive »HCG« was found. A urine from a woman with a hydatidiform mole was assayed by both methods. The biological and immunological activities of this urine were almost unity and the ratio of the 2 activities remained unaltered in the acetone precipitate and the kaolin concentrate made from an aliquot of this urine. The kaolin supernatant contained equal and measurable amounts of the biological and immunological activities. In conclusion the method used to concentrate the urine of pregnant women will affect the ratio between the biological activity and the immunological HCG activity.

COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF SEVERAL GONADOTROPHIN, PROGESTIN AND OESTROGEN TREATMENTS IN THE ANOESTROUS EWE

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate

SUMMARY Three factorial design tests are described, involving 528 anoestrous crossbred ewes, in which were studied the ovarian and behavioural responses to several combinations of dose and types of gonadotrophin, of dose, type and duration and frequency of progestin, and of small doses of oestrogen with gonadotrophin. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) increased ovarian weight more than pregnant mares' serum (PMS). Both gonadotrophins were equally effective in inducing ovulation. In one test, but not in the other two, HCG was much less effective than PMS in causing oestrus with ovulation. The most important factors affecting the incidence of oestrus, with ovulation, were the duration and the frequency of injection of progesterone. Injection of 15–45 μg. oestradiol benzoate (ODB) with gonadotrophin increased the proportion of ewes in oestrus, but suppressed ovulation in some cases. HCG tended to increase the incidence of cystic follicles and number of ovulations. 'Proluton-D' (17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate) was no substitute for progesterone in the ovulation-oestrus phenomenon. The data suggest that the response to PMS of ewes of different ages and in different years is relatively predictable, whereas that to HCG is highly variable.

scholarly journals EFEKTIFITAS MINUMAN JAHE DALAM MENGURANGI EMESIS GRAVIDARUM PADA IBU HAMIL TRIMESTER I

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Ana Zakiyah, Emyk Windartik, Heri Tri Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Antiemetic Effect ◽  
Morning Sickness ◽  
Purposive Sampling

ABSTRAKKehamilan merupakan proses alami dan normal, namun pada umumnya ibu mengalami emesis gravidarum. Keluhan tersebut disebabkan oleh perubahan sistem endokrin yang terjadi selama kehamilan, terutama disebabkan oleh tingginya fluktuasi kadar Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin (HCG), keluhan tersebut biasanya terjadi pada 12-16 minggu pertama. Jahe adalah salah satu produk terapeutik yang diturunkan dari rhizoma, kandungan minyak atsiri yang bersifat aromatik dapat memberikan pengaruh langsung pada saluran gastrointestinal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keefektifan pemberian minuman jahe pada ibu hamil yang mengalami emesis gravidarum. Desain penelitian ini adalah eksperimental one group pre test-post test design. Tehnik sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah 27 responden. Hasil analisis dengan wilcoxon sign rank test menunjukkan bahwa nilai p=0.00 (α<0.05). Pemberian minuman jahe dengan dosis yang tepat efektif dalam mengurangi emesis gravidarum pada ibu hamil trimester I karena kandungan minyak atsiri yang bersifat aromatik memberikan pengaruh langsung pada saluran gastrointestinal, sedangkan efek antiemetik pada jahe disebabkan oleh kerja antikolinergik dan antihistamin. Jahe menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi gejala emesis gravidarum dengan berbagai jenis sediaan/kemasan sehingga lebih menarik tanpa mengurangi khasiat yang terkandung di dalamnya. Kata kunci: jahe, emesis gravidarum, morning sickness ABSTRACTPregnancy is a natural and normal process, but generally, women experience morning sickness. The complaints are caused by endocrine system changes that occur during pregnancy, mainly caused by fluctuations in the levels of HCG (human chorionic gonadotrophin), such complaints usually occur in the first 12-16 weeks. Ginger is one of the therapeutic products derived from rhizomes, atsiri oil content that is both aromatic can provide a direct influence on the channel gastrointestinal. Aim of this study was to determined the effectiveness of the provision of ginger ale in pregnant women who experience morning sickness. This is an experimental one group pretest-posttest design. Sampling technique used purposive sampling with 27 respondents. The results of the analysis with the wilcoxon signed rank test showed that the p = 0.00 (α< 0.05). Giving ginger drink with the right dose effective in relieving morning sickness in the first trimester pregnant women because it contains aromatic oils that are atsiri give direct effect on the gastrointestinal tract, whereas the antiemetic effect of ginger is caused by anticholinergics and anthistamin work. Ginger became one alternative to reduce the symptoms of morning sickness with various types of preparation/ packaging making it more attractive without reducing the benefits contained therein. Keywords: ginger, morning sickness, emesis gravidarum   DOWNLOAD FULL TEXT PDF >>

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