COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF SEVERAL GONADOTROPHIN, PROGESTIN AND OESTROGEN TREATMENTS IN THE ANOESTROUS EWE

1962 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. ROBINSON
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate

SUMMARY Three factorial design tests are described, involving 528 anoestrous crossbred ewes, in which were studied the ovarian and behavioural responses to several combinations of dose and types of gonadotrophin, of dose, type and duration and frequency of progestin, and of small doses of oestrogen with gonadotrophin. Human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) increased ovarian weight more than pregnant mares' serum (PMS). Both gonadotrophins were equally effective in inducing ovulation. In one test, but not in the other two, HCG was much less effective than PMS in causing oestrus with ovulation. The most important factors affecting the incidence of oestrus, with ovulation, were the duration and the frequency of injection of progesterone. Injection of 15–45 μg. oestradiol benzoate (ODB) with gonadotrophin increased the proportion of ewes in oestrus, but suppressed ovulation in some cases. HCG tended to increase the incidence of cystic follicles and number of ovulations. 'Proluton-D' (17α-hydroxyprogesterone caproate) was no substitute for progesterone in the ovulation-oestrus phenomenon. The data suggest that the response to PMS of ewes of different ages and in different years is relatively predictable, whereas that to HCG is highly variable.

STUDIES ON THE AROMATISATION OF NEUTRAL STEROIDS IN PREGNANT WOMEN

1964 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Bolté ◽  
S. Mancuso ◽  
G. Eriksson ◽  
N. Wiqvist ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Radioactive Material ◽  
Placental Barrier ◽  
Therapeutic Abortion ◽  
Limited Ability ◽  
Better Than

ABSTRACT In 15 cases of therapeutic abortion by laparotomy the placenta was disconnected from the foetus and perfused in situ with tracer amounts of radioactive dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHAS), androst-4-ene-3,17-dione (A), testosterone (T) and 17β-oestradiol (OE2). Analysis of the placentas, perfusates and urine samples revealed an extensive aromatisation of DHA, A and T; more than 70% of the radioactive material recovered was phenolic, and at least 80 % of this phenolic material was identified as oestrone (OE1), 17β-oestradiol (OE2) and oestriol (OE3), the latter being detected only in the urine. Comparative studies indicated that A and T were aromatised somewhat better than DHA and that all three unconjugated steroids were aromatised to a much greater extent than DHAS. Radioactive OE1 and OE2 were isolated and identified in the placentas and perfusates, but no OE3, epimeric oestriols, or ring D ketols could be detected in these sources, not even when human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was added to the blood prior to perfusion. Lack of placental 16-hydroxylation was also apparent when OE2 was perfused. Regardless of the precursor perfused, there was three times more OE2 than OE1 in the placenta and three times more OE1 than OE2 in the perfusate. This was also the case following perfusion with OE2. The results are interpreted as suggesting the existence in the pregnant human of a placental »barrier« limiting the passage of circulating androgen. The barrier consists of a) limited ability to transfer directly DHAS and b) an enzymic mechanism resulting in the rapid and extensive aromatisation of the important androgens DHA, A and T.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE ASSAY OF HUMAN URINARY FOLLICLE-STIMULATING HORMONE BY THE AUGMENTATION TEST IN MICE

1966 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. BROWN ◽  
M. WELLS
Keyword(s):  
No Value ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
High Potency ◽  
Human Pituitary ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
C3h Mice ◽  
C57bl Mice ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY The follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) content of urinary gonadotrophic extracts was assayed by its effect on the ovarian weight of immature mice when given in conjunction with 40 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin. About three-quarters of all routine assays gave values of λ between 0·15 and 0·30. Precision was slightly increased when the material was given in three rather than in five injections. Correction of ovarian weight for body weight was either invalid or of no value in reducing variance. Removal of between-litter variance increased precision considerably. Mice of three randomly bred colonies were all satisfactory, and inbred C57BL mice were also suitable for the assay. C3H mice were less sensitive. The efficiency of different methods of extracting FSH from urine was examined. The method of Johnsen (1958) using precipitation with tannic acid was considered the most satisfactory and gave extracts of high potency and low bulk. Limited experiments in which purified human pituitary FSH was assayed with and without added luteinizing hormone, gave results compatible with the assumption that the method is specific for FSH.

Human chorionic gonadotrophin raises serum immunoreactive inhibin levels in men with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism

1990 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
HG Burger ◽  
SC Tiu ◽  
ML Bangah ◽  
Kretser DM de
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Glycoprotein Hormone ◽  
Hypogonadotrophic Hypogonadism

Inhibin is a gonadal glycoprotein hormone involved in the regulation of FSH. To elucidate the regulation of inhibin production we investigated the acute (daily for 1 week) and chronic (9-10 months of follow-up) changes in immunoreactive inhibin, testosterone, LH and FSH levels in the serum of three hypogonadotrophic hypogonadal patients treated first with hCG alone (for 3-6 months) and then hCG combined with FSH (1-5 months). One patient was unexpectedly resistant to gonadotrophin therapy; in the other two, hCG, with or without FSH, caused a rise in inhibin and testosterone, supporting previous observations that LH, as well as FSH, plays a role in the regulation of inhibin or inhibin-related peptides in men.

GONADOTROPHIC RESPONSE OF THE OVARIES OF THE ALBINO MOUSE FOLLOWING CHRONIC LOW-INTENSITY GAMMA IRRADIATION

1963 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. HUNTER ◽  
GEORGE M. KRISE
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Mature Adults ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Ovarian Size ◽  
Normal Increase ◽  
Sexually Mature

SUMMARY Immature female albino mice were exposed to 60Co irradiation at rates of 20 r. and 40 r./day to total doses of 250,500,750 and 1000 r. Those irradiated at 40 r./day during the 1st week of life showed only one-third of the normal increase in uterine and ovarian weight after injection of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) when 25 days old. No further decline in response was seen when the total dose was increased from 250 to 1000 r. Irradiation at 20 r./day to total doses of 500 r. produced little change in normal HCG response. In contrast, sexually mature adults exposed at 40 r./day to total doses of 1000 r. showed little response to HCG. Histological examination of ovaries from immature mice exposed to doses of 250, 500 and 1000 r. at 40 r./day revealed a depopulation of primary oocytes and early maturing follicles as well as a notable decrease in ovarian size.

Induced development of ovulatory follicles during the early stages of lactation by the administration of LH in the rat

1988 ◽  
Vol 116 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Taya ◽  
S. Sasamoto
Keyword(s):  
Important Determinant ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
The Other ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Ovulatory Follicles ◽  
And Control ◽  
Venous Plasma

ABSTRACT To determine whether failure of follicular maturation during the early stages of lactation in rats is due to inadequate LH stimulation, lactating rats nursing eight pups were injected twice daily for 1–3 days (days 2–5 of lactation) with various doses of ovine LH. Follicular maturation was determined by the ability of the follicles to ovulate in response to 10 IU human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG), endogenous oestradiol-17β and inhibin production. Ovulation was not induced in control animals in response to 10 IU hCG given between days 2 and 5 of lactation. On the other hand, an injection of 10 IU hCG could induce ovulation in LH-treated animals, in which 25 and 50 μg LH per injection were given s.c. from days 2 to 5 of lactation. Concentrations of oestradiol-17β and inhibin activity in ovarian venous plasma increased progressively after the administration of LH, indicating that induced development of ovulatory follicles had occurred. Plasma concentrations of FSH declined in LH-treated animals compared with those in control animals. The decrease in plasma concentrations of FSH was not observed when lactating rats were ovariectomized before the first injection of LH, indicating that ovarian products, probably inhibin, from developing follicles may suppress the secretion of FSH from the pituitary gland. In both LH-treated and control animals, concentrations of prolactin and progesterone remained increased during the period of LH administration. The present results, therefore, suggest that the plasma levels of LH are an important determinant of follicular maturation during lactation in rats. J. Endocr. (1988) 116, 115–122

AUGMENTATION OF THE RAT UTERINE WEIGHT RESPONSE TO HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN BY VARIOUS STEROIDS

1974 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Hipkin
Keyword(s):  
Dose Level ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion

ABSTRACT Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHA) augments the activity of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the rat by increasing endogenous pituitary gonadotrophin secretion. The following experiments were undertaken to investigate the mechanism underlying this effect. Androstenedione (40 μg), dihydrotestosterone (200 μg) and testosterone (200 μg) augmented the rat uterine weight response to 0.5 IU of HCG. At these doses, the steroids did not affect basal uterine weight although this was increased when 1 mg of a steroid was injected. Androsterone (1 mg), 17α-hydroxypregnenolone (1 mg) and progesterone (200 μg) neither augmented HCG activity nor increased basal uterine weight. Ovarian weight differences were not significant in any of the experiments. Androstenedione, DHA, dihydrotestosterone and testosterone (200 μg dose level) did not significantly affect the uterine weight of castrated animals, and responses to 0.04 μg of oestradiol were not potentiated. The results with androstenedione, dihydrotestosterone and testosterone are identical to those obtained with DHA and suggest that these steroids may also increase pituitary gonadotrophin secretion.

THE EFFECT OF THE URINARY GONADOTROPHIN INHIBITOR ON THE RAT UTERINE WEIGHT RESPONSE TO HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN

1970 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-430
Author(s):  
L. J. Hipkin
Keyword(s):  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Uterine Weight ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Mouse Uterus ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Gonadotrophin Secretion ◽  
Small Doses ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT A urinary extract (GIM), which previously had been shown to inhibit small doses of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) in the mouse uterus assay, was tested in the rat. In this species, GIM caused an increase in the basal uterine weight and potentiated the response to 0.1 IU HCG. Similar results, and in addition augmentation of the activity of 0.2 IU HCG, were obtained in rats injected with carbon tetrachloride or starved. GIM inhibited the activity of 0.8 IU and 1.6 IU HCG. This was thought to result from the difference in mean final body weight between the GIM and the control groups. The results support the hypothesis that GIM causes a non-specific stress reaction. In rats the effect of this is to increase endogenous gonadotrophin secretion. This contrasts with the results previously reported for mice, which suggest that stress suppresses endogenous follicle-stimulating hormone release.

FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE-LIKE ACTIVITY IN HUMAN CHORIONIC GONADOTROPHIN PREPARATIONS

1969 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Robyn ◽  
P. Petrusz ◽  
E. Diczfalusy
Keyword(s):  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

ABSTRACT The follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)-like activity of human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) preparations was assayed by the method based on the ovarian weight augmentation in intact immature rats. The potencies ranged from 4.8 to 7.4 IU equivalents of FSH per mg. The FSH-like potency of the Second International Standard Preparation of HCG was 8.5 IU per vial. However, when in intact immature rats the ovarian weight response to HCG preparations was compared at a wide range of doses (40 to 51 200 IU) to that obtained with a human menopausal gonadotrophin (HMG) preparation (0.5 to 128 IU of FSH) in the presence of 40 IU of HCG, significant differences were found. The assays conducted in hypophysectomised immature female rats were invalid, because of lack of parallelism. Antisera were prepared by immunising rabbits with HCG and human hypophysial gonadotrophin (HHG) preparations and the antigonadotrophin profiles (HCG-, FSH- and FSH-like neutralising potencies) of these antisera were established by the use of statistically valid bioassay procedures. The anti-HCG and anti-HHG sera neutralised the FSH activity of HMG preparations as well as the FSH-like activity of HCG preparations. However, 3 to 175 times more antiserum was required to neutralise the equivalent of 1.0 IU of FSH-like activity present in HCG than expected on the basis of the anti-FSH potency of the antisera. On the other hand, there was a high degree of correlation between the neutralising potencies of the antisera when tested against the FSH-like activity and the HCG activity of various HCG preparations. When the FSH-like activity of an HCG preparation was quantitatively neutralised with an anti-HCG serum, some 30 per cent of the HCG activity remained unneutralised, as evidenced by repeated bioassays. Although at least 2000 IU of this »FSH-free« HCG was administered to groups of intact as well as hypophysectomised immature female rats, this high dose of HCG did not induce an increase in ovarian weight beyond that elicited by 40 IU of untreated HCG. Histological examination of the ovaries indicated lack of follicle stimulation in the hypophysectomised, but not in the intact immature animals. There was an excessive stimulation of the interstitial cells in both types of animals. The data indicate that the FSH-like activity of HCG preparations is neither due to a contamination by FSH of pituitary origin, nor is it an evenly distributed intrinsic property of the HCG molecules. It is also concluded that the gonadotrophic activity of biologically pure HCG in immature hypophysectomised female rats consists of a specific stimulation of the interstitial cell apparatus. Such HCG preparations do not induce any follicle stimulation, not even when administered in excessive doses.

FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE IN THE URINE OF PREGNANT WOMEN

1957 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. BUTT ◽  
A. C. CROOKE ◽  
JOYCE D. INGRAM ◽  
BRENDA P. ROUND
Keyword(s):  
Benzoic Acid ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Ovarian Weight ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

SUMMARY 1. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) has been obtained from the urine of pregnant women. 2. It was prepared by adsorption on kaolin from urine which had been treated with benzoic acid to remove excess human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) and was assayed by the procedure which depends on the increase in ovarian weight of immature mice treated simultaneously with HCG. 3. Preliminary results are given for the assay of FSH in normal pregnancy.

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