RADIOACTIVE IODINE THERAPY FOR PROGRESSIVE MALIGNANT EXOPHTHALMOS

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz K. Bauer ◽  
Boris Catz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Radioactive Iodine Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Precise Role

ABSTRACT Eighteen euthyroid patients with progressive malignant exophthalmos, of whom 16 had been treated by other forms of therapy, were treated with large therapeutic doses of radioactive iodine in an effort to ablate their thyroid glands. In four of the patients no functioning thyroid tissue could be demonstrated; in the others thyroid tissue can still be demonstrated with 5 mc doses of 131I preceded by thyrotrophin. In all patients, marked improvement of the infiltrative changes of ophthalmopathy resulted. Proptosis improved but in none of them did it regress completely to normal. The doses of radioactive iodine required to destroy thyroid remnants were much larger than the doses employed in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. It is suggested that the thyroid gland plays an important part in the complex problem of progressive exophthalmos and the presence of LATS, although its precise role remains to be determined.

TUMOURS OF THE HYPOPHYSIS AND THE THYROID IN MICE

1955 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 445 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Mühlbock
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Prolonged Treatment ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Thiouracil Derivatives

SUMMARY Hypophyseal tumours in mice develop after prolonged treatment with oestrogens, after injection of radioactive iodine in doses which destroy the thyroid tissue and after prolonged treatment with thiouracil-derivatives. The tumours of the hypophysis only occur in certain strains of mice and hence the genetic constitution is of importance. The origin of this difference between strains has hitherto remained completely obscure. The hypophyseal tumours in mice seen following administration of oestrogens and those observed after destruction of the thyroid gland are morphologically similar. They consist of cells staining blue to varying degrees, and they may thus be termed amphophile tumours. The possible mechanism of development of the hypophyseal tumours has been discussed.

Infants Diagnosed with Athyreosis on Scintigraphy May Have a Gland Present on Ultrasound and Have Transient Congenital Hypothyroidism

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Niamh McGrath ◽  
Colin Patrick Hawkes ◽  
Stephanie Ryan ◽  
Philip Mayne ◽  
Nuala Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Congenital Hypothyroidism ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Ultrasound ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Median Serum ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Rule Out

Scintigraphy using technetium-99m (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) is the gold standard for imaging the thyroid gland in infants with congenital hypothyroidism (CHT) and is the most reliable method of diagnosing an ectopic thyroid gland. One of the limitations of scintigraphy is the possibility that no uptake is detected despite the presence of thyroid tissue, leading to the spurious diagnosis of athyreosis. Thyroid ultrasound is a useful adjunct to detect thyroid tissue in the absence of <sup>99m</sup>Tc uptake. <b><i>Aims:</i></b> We aimed to describe the incidence of sonographically detectable in situ thyroid glands in infants scintigraphically diagnosed with athyreosis using <sup>99m</sup>Tc and to describe the clinical characteristics and natural history in these infants. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> The newborn screening records of all infants diagnosed with CHT between 2007 and 2016 were reviewed. Those diagnosed with CHT and athyreosis confirmed on scintigraphy were invited to attend a thyroid ultrasound. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of the 488 infants diagnosed with CHT during the study period, 18/73 (24.6%) infants with absent uptake on scintigraphy had thyroid tissue visualised on ultrasound (3 hypoplastic thyroid glands and 15 eutopic glands). The median serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration at diagnosis was significantly lower than that in infants with confirmed athyreosis (no gland on ultrasound and no uptake on scintigraphy) (74 vs. 270 mU/L), and median free T4 concentration at diagnosis was higher (11.9 vs. 3.9 pmol/L). Six of 10 (60%) infants with no uptake on scintigraphy but a eutopic gland on ultrasound had transient CHT. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> Absent uptake on scintigraphy in infants with CHT does not rule out a eutopic gland, especially in infants with less elevated TSH concentrations. Clinically, adding thyroid ultrasound to the diagnostic evaluation of infants who have athyreosis on scintigraphy may avoid committing some infants with presumed athyreosis to lifelong levothyroxine treatment.

Papillary carcinoma of the thyroid gland in a child of thyrotoxicosis patient receiving radioactive iodine therapy: report of a case

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 747-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Surasak Sangkhathat ◽  
Sakda Patrapinyokul ◽  
Piyawan Chiengkriwate ◽  
Supika Kritsaneepaiboon ◽  
Kanita Kayasut ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Papillary Carcinoma ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Radioactive Iodine Therapy

scholarly journals ENGLISH VERSION: AGE FEATURES OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE (131I) ABSORPTION BY RAT THYROID GLANDS IN CORRECTION OF THE DIETARY IODINE DEFICIENCY WITH ORGANIC IODINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
O.I. Ryabukha
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rat Thyroid

The structure of endocrine morbidity is characterized by a significant spread of thyroid pathology. The insufficient efficacy of inorganic iodine drugs poses the problem of search for new means for iodine deficiency treatment and prevention. Given the progressive aging of the population in economically developed countries, the purpose of the study was to clarify the effect of organic iodine on the features of absorption and elimination of radioactive iodine from the thyroid glands of variously aged rats in the conditions of iodine deficiency in the diet. The study was performed on nonlinear white male rats in two series of studies that were kept on iodine-deficient isocaloric starch-casein diet for 60 days: the first series included two groups of old rats weighing 0.400-0.450 kg, the second series – two groups of sexually immature rats weighing 0.060-0.090 kg. There were 5 rats in each group. In animals of the experimental groups in each series, 10% of casein in the diet was replaced with organic iodine, which came with iodine-protein preparation from the red Black Sea algae Phyllophora nervosa. The functional state of the thyroid gland was studied using the Sodium Iodide Na 131 I Injection drug. The dosimetry was performed using the STS-6 Geiger-Muller Detector. Radioindication of the thyroid gland was carried out after subcutaneous administration of 0.1 ml of 131I solution at the following time intervals: 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration of 131I. The study results were presented as a percentage of the radioiodine dose administered, adjusted for natural radioactivity background and the radioactive decay of the drug. It was found that in the iodine deficiency conditions, the thyroid glands of old rats have higher rates of radioiodine absorption and a lower rate of its excretion than the glands of immature rats, which indicates their lower iodine reserve and greater liability to iodine deficiency pathology. Intake of organic iodine regardless of the rats’ age is accompanied by a decrease in radioiodine accumulation and acceleration of its excretion from the thyroid gland, which indicates a decrease in functional stress, but the glands of older rats absorb more iodine and excrete it more slowly, indicating less effective correction of iodine deficiency with age. Reduced functional activity of the thyroid glands in old rats can be used as a sensitive changes marker for the in-depth study of thyrotropic and thyroid disrupting effects.

scholarly journals Effect of Single Dose of Radioiodine Therapy on Volume Reduction of Thyroid Gland in Hyperthyroidism

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-91
Author(s):  
Shamrukh Khan ◽  
Faridul Alam ◽  
Fatima Begum ◽  
Sadia Sultana ◽  
Zeenat Jabin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Volume Reduction ◽  
Radioactive Iodine Therapy ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Toxic Goiter ◽  
Primary Hyperthyroidism ◽  
Hormone Assay

Introduction: Radioactive iodine therapy (RAIT) in patients with hyperthyroidism (HT) causes apoptosis of thyrocytes to bring about restoration of thyroid function. The aim of the study was to find the short term extent of reduction of thyroid gland volume (TGV) by non-invasive quantitative assessment using ultrasound imaging (USG). Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on a group of patients who had received RAIT due to  primary hyperthyroidism at National Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (NINMAS). Pre-therapy work up included hormone assay and baseline measurement of TGV by US before administration of  appropriate fixed dose RAIT. Short term follow-up with hormone assay and serial measurements of TGV on two occasions were done at three and six months following the RAIT. Observed temporal changes of parameters were analyzed using appropriate statistics. Results: Total 117 patients with primary hyperthyroidism had received RAIT with diagnosis of diffuse toxic goiter in 86 patients, toxic multinodular goiter in 21 cases and single toxic nodular goiter in 10 cases. There was a decline of mean TGV from the baseline level of 24 ml to 14 ml at three months followed by a further decline to 9.1 ml at six months. Thus the volume reduction of thyroid gland was calculated to be 42% at three months and 62% at six months. The volume reduction was observed to be in a correlative trend with the normalization of hormone levels. The proportion of patients who showed persistent hyperthyroidism till the study end point was 23%. Conclusion: Single dose of radioactive iodine therapy resulted in reduction of TGV up to 62% till six months after RAIT while 23% patients showed persistent hyperthyroidism. The correlative trend of volume reduction with normalization of hormone levels indicates potentiality of TGV to emerge as an adjunct to conventional assessment of treatment efficacy following RAIT.   Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 21(2): 87-91, July 2018

scholarly journals Juvenile hyperthyroidism in a dog

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. e000653
Author(s):  
Christina Maunder ◽  
Ed J Friend ◽  
Michael Day ◽  
Christopher Warren-Smith
Keyword(s):  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Cell Adenoma ◽  
Thyroid Carcinomas ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Hyperplastic Change ◽  
Thyroid Hyperplasia ◽  
Therapeutic Doses

Hyperthyroidism is the most common endocrinopathy in cats, and most cases are caused by multinodular hyperplasia or follicular cell adenoma, although thyroid carcinomas occur infrequently. Hyperthyroidism is rare in dogs, and most cases are caused by functional thyroid carcinomas. There are case reports of canine hyperthyroidism secondary to exogenous sources, and rarely thyrotoxicosis can be seen with therapeutic doses of levothyroxine prescribed for hypothyroidism. A case of juvenile hyperthyroidism has been reported in a cat and a histopathological diagnosis of diffuse thyroid hyperplasia was made. This is the first reported case of functional eutopic thyroid tissue in a young dog. Histopathological examination reported bilateral hyperplastic change in the thyroid glands, similar to the case of feline juvenile hyperthyroidism.

scholarly journals Thyroglobulin Gene Mutations Producing Defective Intracellular Transport of Thyroglobulin Are Associated with Increased Thyroidal Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Activity

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1451-1457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhiko Kanou ◽  
Akira Hishinuma ◽  
Katsuhiko Tsunekawa ◽  
Koji Seki ◽  
Yutaka Mizuno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Intracellular Transport ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Compound Heterozygous ◽  
Free T4 ◽  
Iodothyronine Deiodinase ◽  
Normal Thyroid ◽  
Thyroid Glands

Abstract Context: Most patients with defective synthesis and/or secretion of thyroglobulin (Tg) present relatively high serum free T3 (FT3) concentrations with disproportionately low free T4 (FT4) resulting in a high FT3/FT4 ratio. The mechanism of this change in FT3/FT4 ratio remains unknown. Objective: We hypothesize that increased type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase (D2) activity in the thyroid gland may explain the higher FT3/FT4 ratio that is frequently observed in patients with abnormal Tg synthesis. Design: We recently identified a compound heterozygous patient (patient A) with a Tg G2356R mutation and one previously described (C1245R) that is known to cause a defect in intracellular transport of Tg. In the current study, after determining the abnormality caused by G2356R, we measured D2 activity as well as its mRNA level in the thyroid gland. We also measured the thyroidal D2 activity in three patients with Tg transport defect and in normal thyroid tissue. Results: Morphological and biochemical analysis of the thyroid gland from patient A, complemented by a pulse-chase experiment, revealed that G2356R produces a defect in intracellular Tg transport. D2 activity but not type 1 deiodinase in thyroid glands of patients with abnormal Tg transport was significantly higher than in normal thyroid glands, whereas D2 mRNA level in patient A was comparable with that in normal thyroid glands. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between D2 activity and FT3/FT4 ratios. Conclusion: Increased thyroidal D2 activity in the thyroid gland is responsible for the higher FT3/FT4 ratios in patients with defective intracellular Tg transport.

STUDIES ON THE ADRENAL AND THYROID GLANDS OF THE GROUND SQUIRREL DURING HIBERNATION

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. VIDOVIC ◽  
V. POPOVIC
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Total Adrenalectomy

SUMMARY Hibernation in the ground squirrel ends within 1–2 hr after total adrenalectomy and does not recur. Survival time after adrenalectomy in laboratory-kept ground squirrels during November and December was longer than it was during September-October and February-March. Body temperature during hibernation (4–18° C) was restored to normal (37° C) within 1–2 hr after adrenalectomy, the animals being kept in a room at 17° C. Oxygen consumption was measured in ground squirrels on the 6th and 7th days after adrenalectomy at 31–32° and 4° C respectively. Maximum consumption occurred at 4° C; normal body temperature was retained. The 131I uptake by the thyroid of non-hibernating ground squirrels is considerably smaller in early Autumn (September-October) than during the winter months. Radioactive iodine is not accumulated by the thyroid gland of the hibernating ground squirrel, but 3 days after adrenalectomy the amount of 131I accumulated is equivalent to that taken up by the gland of the non-hibernating animal. The effects of adrenalectomy in the hibernating and non-hibernating ground squirrel are compared with those obtained in hypothermic rats maintained in similar environmental conditions.

EFFECT OF DESTRUCTION OF THYROID TISSUE BY RADIOACTIVE IODINE ON REPRODUCTION IN MICE

1957 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
HILDA M. BRUCE ◽  
H. A. SLOVITER
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Complete Destruction ◽  
Pituitary Glands ◽  
Maternal Thyroid ◽  
Effects Of Radiation ◽  
Deficient Group

SUMMARY The effect of complete destruction of the thyroid gland by radioactive iodine on reproduction in the female mouse has been examined in detail. Possible direct effects of radiation on reproduction were differentiated from those due to thyroid destruction. Destruction of the thyroid tissue in the male mouse had no effect on fertility. In the thyroid-deficient female both fertility and litter frequency were unaffected, but the oestrous cycle was prolonged and the duration of 46% of gestations was longer than normal. There was a general shift in the distribution of litter size towards small litters in the thyroid-deficient group which reduced the average number of young per litter. Lactation, as judged by the weight of the offspring at weaning, was not affected by complete absence of the maternal thyroid gland. After weaning the growth rate of offspring of either sex from both thyroid-deficient and normal mothers was the same. Although the pituitary glands were enlarged in all the thyroid-deficient animals examined, tumours were not observed.

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