scholarly journals ENGLISH VERSION: AGE FEATURES OF RADIOACTIVE IODINE (131I) ABSORPTION BY RAT THYROID GLANDS IN CORRECTION OF THE DIETARY IODINE DEFICIENCY WITH ORGANIC IODINE

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
O.I. Ryabukha
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
Rat Thyroid

The structure of endocrine morbidity is characterized by a significant spread of thyroid pathology. The insufficient efficacy of inorganic iodine drugs poses the problem of search for new means for iodine deficiency treatment and prevention. Given the progressive aging of the population in economically developed countries, the purpose of the study was to clarify the effect of organic iodine on the features of absorption and elimination of radioactive iodine from the thyroid glands of variously aged rats in the conditions of iodine deficiency in the diet. The study was performed on nonlinear white male rats in two series of studies that were kept on iodine-deficient isocaloric starch-casein diet for 60 days: the first series included two groups of old rats weighing 0.400-0.450 kg, the second series – two groups of sexually immature rats weighing 0.060-0.090 kg. There were 5 rats in each group. In animals of the experimental groups in each series, 10% of casein in the diet was replaced with organic iodine, which came with iodine-protein preparation from the red Black Sea algae Phyllophora nervosa. The functional state of the thyroid gland was studied using the Sodium Iodide Na 131 I Injection drug. The dosimetry was performed using the STS-6 Geiger-Muller Detector. Radioindication of the thyroid gland was carried out after subcutaneous administration of 0.1 ml of 131I solution at the following time intervals: 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after administration of 131I. The study results were presented as a percentage of the radioiodine dose administered, adjusted for natural radioactivity background and the radioactive decay of the drug. It was found that in the iodine deficiency conditions, the thyroid glands of old rats have higher rates of radioiodine absorption and a lower rate of its excretion than the glands of immature rats, which indicates their lower iodine reserve and greater liability to iodine deficiency pathology. Intake of organic iodine regardless of the rats’ age is accompanied by a decrease in radioiodine accumulation and acceleration of its excretion from the thyroid gland, which indicates a decrease in functional stress, but the glands of older rats absorb more iodine and excrete it more slowly, indicating less effective correction of iodine deficiency with age. Reduced functional activity of the thyroid glands in old rats can be used as a sensitive changes marker for the in-depth study of thyrotropic and thyroid disrupting effects.

scholarly journals Вміст аскорбінової кислоти в печінці і надниркових залозах щурів при коригуванні аліментарного гіпотиреозу йодом різної хімічної природи

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Ryabukha
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Protein Preparation ◽  
Organic Iodine ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Inorganic Iodine

Introduction. Metabolisms of vitamins, trace elements and hormones are closely linked. The connection between  ascorbic acid and hormones, in particular derivatives of tyrosine and steroids, determines its importance for the activity of the thyroid gland, adrenal glands and liver. The most common thyroid pathology is hypothyroidism, caused by iodine deficiency. For its treatment and prevention, compounds that contain iodine of different chemical nature are used.The aim of the study – to compare the effect of the action of organic and inorganic iodine on the content of ascorbic acid (AA) in the liver and adrenal glands.Research Methods. The study was conducted in the model conditions of alimentary hypothyroidism on 80 white nonlinear male rats weighing 0.140–0.160 kg, which for 30 days were in an isocaloric starch-casein ration. Adjustment of iodine deficiency was carried out on three doses of iodine (21, 50, 100 μg/kg body weight), which animals uptaked with potassium iodide (inorganic iodine) and iodine-protein preparation from the Black Sea industrial red algae of Phyllophora nervosa (DС.) Grev (organic iodine). The content of AA in the tissues was determined using Tillman’s reagent.Results and Discussion. In conditions of alimentary hypothyroidism, the level of AA in the investigated organs was significantly reduced, which may indicate a decrease in the activity of metabolic processes. The consumption of both iodine-containing substances at a dose of 21 μg/kg was accompanied by a probable increase in the content of AА in the liver. Under the influence of 50 μg/kg iodine, its level in the rat’s liver and adrenal glands reached the levels of intact rats, but under use organic iodine the level of AA was higher. When receiving 100 μg/kg of iodine, the content of AA in organs was significantly reduced relative to the achieved parameters and in the adrenal glands was at the level of parameters of rats that did not consume iodine-containing compounds.Conclusions. The intake of both inorganic and organic iodine contribute to an increase in the content of AA in the liver and adrenal glands, which is a prerequisite for activating the activity of the thyroid gland, while the effect of organic iodine is more powerful. The effect of both iodine-containing preparations on the liver is greater, which may be a sign of its greater sensitivity to the strengthening of thyroid hormonepoise and indicate an increase in its metabolic activity.

RADIOACTIVE IODINE THERAPY FOR PROGRESSIVE MALIGNANT EXOPHTHALMOS

1966 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz K. Bauer ◽  
Boris Catz
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Tissue ◽  
Complex Problem ◽  
Radioactive Iodine Therapy ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Precise Role

ABSTRACT Eighteen euthyroid patients with progressive malignant exophthalmos, of whom 16 had been treated by other forms of therapy, were treated with large therapeutic doses of radioactive iodine in an effort to ablate their thyroid glands. In four of the patients no functioning thyroid tissue could be demonstrated; in the others thyroid tissue can still be demonstrated with 5 mc doses of 131I preceded by thyrotrophin. In all patients, marked improvement of the infiltrative changes of ophthalmopathy resulted. Proptosis improved but in none of them did it regress completely to normal. The doses of radioactive iodine required to destroy thyroid remnants were much larger than the doses employed in the treatment of hyperthyroidism. It is suggested that the thyroid gland plays an important part in the complex problem of progressive exophthalmos and the presence of LATS, although its precise role remains to be determined.

WATER AND ELECTROLYTE DISTRIBUTION IN RAT AND GUINEA-PIG THYROID GLANDS

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 561-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Y. CHOW ◽  
D. M. WOODBURY
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Interstitial Fluid ◽  
Equilibrium Potential ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
Nernst Equation ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Uptake Studies ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Cellular Compartments

SUMMARY Procedures for the calculation of the volume of water and the Na+, K+ and Cl− concentrations in the three anatomical compartments of the thyroid (interstitium, follicular cells and lumen) are described. There was an excellent correlation between the volume of water of these three compartments calculated from the total water, [14C]inulin space and histometric measurements of the thyroid gland and the results obtained from 3H2O-uptake studies. Na+ and K+ concentrations in the luminal fluid of rat and guinea-pig thyroid glands were the same as those in the interstitial fluid which is an ultrafiltrate of plasma. Cl− concentration in the luminal fluid of thyroid gland was usually lower than that in the interstitial fluid. The concentration depends on the amount of colloid present in the follicular lumen. In the cellular fluid of the thyroid follicle, Na+ and Cl− concentrations were low and K+ concentration was high. The Cl− equilibrium potential between the interstitial and the cellular compartments, calculated from the corresponding Cl− concentrations by the Nernst equation, was the same as for previous values reported for the intracellular potentials determined by micro-electrode techniques in both rat and guinea-pig thyroid glands. In the rat thyroid, the calculated Cl− equilibrium potential between the interstitial and the luminal compartments was the same as the measured intra-luminal potential. However, in the guinea-pig thyroid the calculated Cl− equilibrium potential between the interstitial and the luminal fluids was considerably higher than the measured intra-luminal potential.

INABILITY OF HETEROLOGOUS ANTIBODIES TO AFFECT RAT THYROID GLAND

1961 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 691-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. S. Sodhi
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Antibodies ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Rat Thyroid Gland

Heterologous rat thyroid antibodies produced in rabbits were injected by intraperitoneal, intravenous, and intra-arterial routes in different groups of rats and the effects on the morphology and 24-hour I131 uptake of their thyroid glands were investigated. In spite of the administration of high titers of specific antibodies no effects, acute or chronic, were observed, indicating the inability of the heterologous thyroid antibodies to alter the structure or function of the rat thyroid glands.

Selenoenzyme expression in thyroid and liver of second generation selenium- and iodine-deficient rats

1996 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
J H Mitchell ◽  
F Nicol ◽  
G J Beckett ◽  
J R Arthur
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Hormone ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Thyroid Glands

ABSTRACT The stimulation of thyroid hormone synthesis in iodine deficiency may increase the requirement for the selenoproteins which are involved in thyroid hormone synthesis in the thyroid gland. Selenoenzyme activity and expression were investigated in the thyroid and liver of second generation selenium-and/or iodine-deficient rats. Selenium deficiency caused substantial decreases in hepatic seleniumcontaining type I iodothyronine deiodinase (ID-I) and cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (cGSHPx) activities and mRNA abundances, but phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (phGSHPx) activity was only 55% of selenium-supplemented control levels, despite the absence of change in its mRNA abundance. Selenoenzyme mRNA concentrations were maintained at control levels in thyroid glands from the selenium-deficient rat pups. Despite this, a differential effect was observed in selenoenzyme activities: ID-I activity was decreased to 61%, cGSHPx activity to 45% and phGSHPx to 29% of that in selenium-adequate controls. In iodine-deficient thyroid glands, mRNA levels were increased 2·2, 50 and 2·8 times for ID-I, cGSHPx and phGSHPx respectively. ID-I and cGSHPx enzyme activities were also increased but the activity of phGSHPx was decreased despite the high mRNA abundance. Thyroid selenoprotein mRNA levels were also increased in combined selenium and iodine deficiency but again there were differential effects on enzyme activities, with ID-I activity increased, cGSHPx unchanged and phGSHPx decreased. Thus, iodine deficiency may produce an oxidant stress on the thyroid gland, increasing the requirement for selenium to maintain selenoenzyme activity. When dietary supplies of selenium are limiting, thyroid selenoprotein mRNA levels are increased to compensate for overall lack of the micronutrient. Furthermore, there is a preferential supply of available selenium to ID-I and cGSHPx to allow maintenance of thyroid function.

STUDIES ON THE ADRENAL AND THYROID GLANDS OF THE GROUND SQUIRREL DURING HIBERNATION

1954 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. VIDOVIC ◽  
V. POPOVIC
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Ground Squirrel ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Ground Squirrels ◽  
Normal Body Temperature ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Total Adrenalectomy

SUMMARY Hibernation in the ground squirrel ends within 1–2 hr after total adrenalectomy and does not recur. Survival time after adrenalectomy in laboratory-kept ground squirrels during November and December was longer than it was during September-October and February-March. Body temperature during hibernation (4–18° C) was restored to normal (37° C) within 1–2 hr after adrenalectomy, the animals being kept in a room at 17° C. Oxygen consumption was measured in ground squirrels on the 6th and 7th days after adrenalectomy at 31–32° and 4° C respectively. Maximum consumption occurred at 4° C; normal body temperature was retained. The 131I uptake by the thyroid of non-hibernating ground squirrels is considerably smaller in early Autumn (September-October) than during the winter months. Radioactive iodine is not accumulated by the thyroid gland of the hibernating ground squirrel, but 3 days after adrenalectomy the amount of 131I accumulated is equivalent to that taken up by the gland of the non-hibernating animal. The effects of adrenalectomy in the hibernating and non-hibernating ground squirrel are compared with those obtained in hypothermic rats maintained in similar environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Thyroid function and aging: gender-related differences

2001 ◽  
Vol 171 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
VM da Costa ◽  
DG Moreira ◽  
D Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Type I ◽  
Iodothyronine Deiodinase ◽  
Thyroid Gland Function ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Rat Thyroid

The effects of aging on human or animal thyroid function are still not well defined. We evaluated some aspects of thyroid function during aging using an animal model (young and old Dutch-Miranda rats). In old rats of both genders, serum thyroxine (T4) decreased but serum thyrotrophin (TSH) remained unaltered, suggesting a disturbance in the pituitary-thyroid feedback mechanism during aging. Serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) only decreased in old males, possibly because female rats are almost twice as efficient in hepatic T4 to T3 deiodination. Thyroidal T4-5'-deiodinase activity did not change much during aging, although it decreased slightly in males. Thyroidal iodothyronine-deiodinase type I mRNA expression but not total thyroidal enzymatic activity were higher in female than in male rats. Thus, ovarian/testicular hormones may modulate the expression and/or the activity of hepatic and thyroidal type I iodothyronine-deiodinase. Thyroperoxidase (TPO) and thyroglobulin (Tg) expression were higher in young male rats than in females. In males, TPO and Tg gene expression decreased with aging, suggesting that androgens might increase their expression. Our results showed that aging induces real changes in rat thyroid gland function and regulation, affecting at least pituitary, thyroid and liver functions. Furthermore, some of these changes were gender related, indicating that gonadal hormones may modulate thyroid gland function and regulation.

scholarly journals Radioautographic studies of the initial site of formation of protein-bound iodine in the rat thyroid gland

1970 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Croft ◽  
Rosalind Pitt-Rivers
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Peripheral Portion ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Rat Thyroid ◽  
Rat Thyroid Gland

1. Predominantly cellular labelling was observed in radioautographs of rat thyroid glands fixed by perfusion from the aorta at intervals between 5 and 55s after [125I]iodide administration via the aorta. 2. When perfusion was delayed for 2min, or if immersion fixation was used, the labelling was predominantly over the peripheral portion of the follicular lumen, in agreement with the observations of other investigators. 3. The findings support the concept that the initial site of binding of iodine to protein is intracellular, but the nature of this protein has not been established.

THE VARIOUS TYPES OF THYROID MALFUNCTION IN CRETINISM AND THEIR RELATIVE FREQUENCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Edward A. Carr ◽  
William H. Beierwaltes ◽  
James V. Neel ◽  
Ruth Davidson ◽  
George H. Lowrey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Thyroid Function ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Radioactive Iodine ◽  
Biochemical Study ◽  
Potassium Thiocyanate ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Familial Incidence ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Biochemical Studies

Previous comprehensive biochemical studies of thyroidal function in cretins were each performed on a few individuals. Such studies do not permit an evaluation of the incidence of various thyroidal defects in cretins. We have therefore performed a comprehensive clinical and biochemical study of 56 cretins from the State of Michigan, including 41 born after the introduction of iodized salt into Michigan. Cretins were considered to have a thyroid gland if it was palpable, was found surgically, demonstrated by scintigram, or showed a net radioactive iodine (I131) uptake over the thyroidal area exceeding 10%, or if there was evidence of incorporation of administered I131 into circulating compounds. The minimum incidence of thyroid glands in cretins was 21% and the probable incidence 32%. Inability of the thyroid gland to organify iodine was detected by discharge of I131 after administration of potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) to six patients, and chromatography of the thyroid gland hydrolysates in four patients. Inability to organify iodine was the most common clearly identifiable defect in these cretins with thyroid glands. The familial incidence of cretinism was higher in subjects with thyroid glands than in athyrotic subjects. Cretins with thyroid glands co-existed in the same sibship with athyrotic cretins. Serial studies of thyroidal function indicate that progressive postnatal failure of thyroid function may result in athyreosis.

EPIDERMOID CYSTS IN THE THYROID GLANDS OF MALE RATS TREATED NEONATALLY WITH OESTROGEN

1970 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 170-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Arai ◽  
T. Maeda ◽  
S. Masuda
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Epidermoid Cyst ◽  
Cyst Formation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Epidermoid Cysts ◽  
Thyroid Glands ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

ABSTRACT Epidermoid cysts developed most frequently in the thyroid gland of male rats which had been castrated on the day of birth and injected with oestradiol benzoate (OB) for 30 successive days from birth. The incidence of epidermoid cysts was 90% in this group. The daily doses of OB were 1 μg during the first 10 days, 2 μg during the next 10 days, and 4 μg from days 21 to 30, respectively. These metaplastic lesions were not reversible after cessation of OB treatment. When OB was injected into intact male rats for the first 30 days of life, the incidence was decreased to 30%. In contrast, there was no manifestation of epidermoid cyst formation in the glands of control rats such as in intact male rats which had been treated with OB from days 31 to 60, or neonatally castrated and intact male rats, both given oil only.

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