EXCRETION OF STEROID HORMONES IN AN ANENCEPHALIC NEWBORN INFANT

1972 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Eneroth ◽  
Harry Ferngren ◽  
Jan-Åke Gustafsson ◽  
Björn Ivemark ◽  
Åke Stenberg
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Newborn Infant ◽  
Neonatal Period ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Helix Pomatia ◽  
List Type ◽  
Steroid Profiles ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Hormone Excretion

ABSTRACT The steroid hormone excretion in an anencephalic foetus was studied by analysis of steroids in the meconium and urine. The meconium (14.3 g) contained about 2.7 mg of isomers of pregnane-3,20-diol, pregnane-3,16,20-triol and pregnane-3,20,21-triol. 1.7 ml of urine was collected from 24 h after birth of the foetus until death at 52 h of age. The following steroids were identified in the urine after hydrolysis with enzymes of Helix pomatia: 3α,6α-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one; 3β,6α-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one; 16α-hydroxy-5α1 and 5β2-pregnane-3,20-dione; 6α-hydroxy-5β-pregnane-3,20-dione; 3ξ,15ξ-dihydroxy-5ξ-pregnan-20-one; 16β, 20β-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-3-one and 1ξ,3ξ,16ξ-trihydroxy-5ξ-pregnan-20-one. Qualitatively the differences between these steroid profiles of meconium and urine from the corresponding profiles of normal newborns were mainly the following: the absence of 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroid excretion in the anencephalic foetus; the presence of 3-oxo-5α(and 5β)-steroids in the urine of the anencephalic foetus. The results of the present investigation are in agreement with the view that during the neonatal period, 3β-hydroxy-Δ5-steroids are mainly synthesized in the foetal adrenal cortex.

SUMO and ubiquitin modifications during steroid hormone synthesis and function

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Talamillo ◽  
David Martín ◽  
Roland Hjerpe ◽  
Jonatan Sánchez ◽  
Rosa Barrio
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Present Review ◽  
Hormonal Response ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Hormone Synthesis ◽  
Animal Physiology ◽  
And Function

Steroid hormones control many aspects of animal physiology and behaviour. They are highly regulated, among other mechanisms, by post-translational modifications of the transcription factors involved in their synthesis and response. In the present review, we will focus on the influence of SUMO (small ubiquitin-related modifier) and ubiquitin modifications on the function of transcription factors involved in adrenal cortex formation, steroidogenesis and the hormonal response.

Ultrastructural Cytopiasmic Changes of Adrenal Cortex During Pregnancy

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 298-299
Author(s):  
T. M. Murad ◽  
Karen Israel ◽  
Jack C. Geer
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Adrenal Steroids ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Acetyl Coenzyme A ◽  
Adrenal Cortical Cells

Adrenal steroids are normally synthesized from acetyl coenzyme A via cholesterol. Cholesterol is also shown to enter the adrenal gland and to be localized in the lipid droplets of the adrenal cortical cells. Both pregnenolone and progesterone act as intermediates in the conversion of cholesterol into steroid hormones. During pregnancy an increased level of plasma cholesterol is known to be associated with an increase of the adrenal corticoid and progesterone. The present study is designed to demonstrate whether the adrenal cortical cells show any dynamic changes during pregnancy.

ON THE VALUE OF SOME PARAMETERS OF ADRENOCORTICAL GLUCOCORTICOID FUNCTION

1963 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 499-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Van Der Straeten ◽  
A. Vermeulen ◽  
N. Orie ◽  
P. Regniers
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Isotope Dilution ◽  
Isotope Dilution Method ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
Colorimetric Methods

ABSTRACT The authors studied the correlation between cortisol production, as measured by an isotope dilution method, and the urinary excretion of total and free Porter-Silber chromogens, as well as of 17-ketogenic steroids. Although a significant correlation exists between total Porter-Silber chromogens, 17-ketogenic steroid excretion and cortisol production, discrepancies are occasionally observed. Hence, different colorimetric methods should be used to assess the glucocorticoid activity of the adrenal cortex.

ADRENOCORTICAL FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH ACUTE SEVERE BRAIN AND PITUITARY LESION

1962 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 254-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. H. Bassøe ◽  
R. Emberland ◽  
E. Glück ◽  
K. F. Støa
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Gland ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Artificial Ventilation ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
The Third ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Pituitary Lesion ◽  
Steroid Excretion ◽  
The Brain

ABSTRACT The steroid excretion and the plasma corticosteroids were investigated in three patients with necrosis of the brain and of the pituitary gland. The patients were kept alive by artificial ventilation. In two of the patients the neutral 17-ketosteroids and the 17-hydrocorticosteroids fell to extremely low levels. At the same time, the number of eosinophil cells showed a tendency to increase. Corticotrophin administered intravenously twice to the third patient had a stimulating effect on the adrenal cortex. The theoretical and practical significance of these findings is discussed.

THE INFLUENCE OF 17α-METHYL-19-NORTESTOSTERONE ON THE ENDOCRINE FUNCTION OF THE ADRENAL CORTEX

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (III) ◽  
pp. 388-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Huis in 't Veld ◽  
B. Louwerens ◽  
P. A. F. van der Spek
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Excretion ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
List Type ◽  
Prolonged Administration ◽  
Acth Secretion ◽  
Male Patients ◽  
Normal Males

ABSTRACT In two male patients and two castrated males, the influence of corticotrophin (ACTH) on the urinary excretion of neutral 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids was determined before and during a period in which patients were treated with 5 mg 17α-methyl-19-nortestosterone (MNT) daily. In two castrated males, moreover, the influence of chorionic gonadotrophin and ACTH + chorionic gonadotrophin on the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids was determined before and during a period of treatment with 5 mg MNT daily. Prolonged administration of MNT causes a decrease in the urinary excretion of neutral 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids both in the normal males and in the male castrates. ACTH caused an increase in the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids before and during MNT administration. During MNT administration this increase (expressed in mg/24 hours) was ≤ the increase produced by the same dose of ACTH prior to MNT administration. In two male castrates treated with MNT, chorionic gonadotrophin caused no increase in the urinary excretion of 17-ketosteroids and 17-hydroxycorticosteroids. The effect obtained before and during MNT administration by administration of ACTH + chorionic gonadotrophin did not exceed the effect obtained by the same dose of ACTH alone. Our conclusion is that the effect of MNT on the excretion of adrenocortical steroids is not due to the inhibition of the ACTH secretion. The possibility of a direct effect of MNT on the adrenal cortex has not been excluded with complete certainty. A change in the corticosteroid metabolism due to the influence of MNT, however, must also be taken into consideration.

The dare gene: steroid hormone production, olfactory behavior, and neural degeneration in Drosophila

Development ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 126 (20) ◽  
pp. 4591-4602 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.R. Freeman ◽  
A. Dobritsa ◽  
P. Gaines ◽  
W.A. Segraves ◽  
J.R. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Hormone Production ◽  
Ring Gland ◽  
Olfactory Stimuli ◽  
Steroid Hormone Signaling ◽  
Adrenodoxin Reductase ◽  
Strength Result

Steroid hormones mediate a wide variety of developmental and physiological events in insects, yet little is known about the genetics of insect steroid hormone biosynthesis. Here we describe the Drosophila dare gene, which encodes adrenodoxin reductase (AR). In mammals, AR plays a key role in the synthesis of all steroid hormones. Null mutants of dare undergo developmental arrest during the second larval instar or at the second larval molt, and dare mutants of intermediate severity are delayed in pupariation. These defects are rescued to a high degree by feeding mutant larvae the insect steroid hormone 20-hydroxyecdysone. These data, together with the abundant expression of dare in the two principal steroid biosynthetic tissues, the ring gland and the ovary, argue strongly for a role of dare in steroid hormone production. dare is the first Drosophila gene shown to encode a defined component of the steroid hormone biosynthetic cascade and therefore provides a new tool for the analysis of steroid hormone function. We have explored its role in the adult nervous system and found two striking phenotypes not previously described in mutants affected in steroid hormone signaling. First, we show that mild reductions of dare expression cause abnormal behavioral responses to olfactory stimuli, indicating a requirement for dare in sensory behavior. Then we show that dare mutations of intermediate strength result in rapid, widespread degeneration of the adult nervous system.

scholarly journals Induction of dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) decarboxylase in blowfly integument by ecdysone. A demonstration of synthesis of the enzyme de novo

1975 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
E G Fragoulis ◽  
C E Sekeris
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Dopa Decarboxylase ◽  
Double Labelling ◽  
Labelling Technique ◽  
Immune Precipitation ◽  
Enzyme Molecules ◽  
Stimulation Of

The activity of the enzyme dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine) decarboxylase, present in the epidermis cells of blowfly larvae, increases during the late third instar under the influence of the steroid hormone, ecdysone. By using the double-labelling technique and immune precipitation with univalent antibody to dopa decarboxylase, we demonstrated that the increase in enzyme activity was due to a stimulation of synthesis of enzyme molecules de novo. In this respect, the action of ecdysone is similar to the action of other steroid hormones.

scholarly journals Are sexual desire and sociosexual orientation related to men’s salivary steroid hormones?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Stern ◽  
Konstantina Karastoyanova ◽  
Michal Kandrik ◽  
Jaimie Stephen Torrance ◽  
Amanda Hahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Sexual Desire ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Casual Sex ◽  
Longitudinal Analyses ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sociosexual Orientation ◽  
Hormone Levels ◽  
Salivary Testosterone ◽  
Adult Men

Objective: Although it is widely assumed that men’s sexual desire and interest in casual sex (i.e., sociosexual orientation) are linked to steroid hormone levels, evidence for such associations is mixed. Methods: We tested for both longitudinal and cross-sectional relationships between salivary testosterone, cortisol, reported sexual desire and sociosexuality in a sample of 61 young adult men, each of whom was tested weekly on up to five occasions. Results: Longitudinal analyses showed no clear relationships between steroid hormones and self-reported sexual desire or sociosexual orientation. Cross-sectional analyses showed no significant associations between average hormone levels and self-reported sexual desire. However, some aspects of sociosexuality, most notably desire for casual sex, were related to men’s average hormone levels. Men with higher average testosterone reported greater desire for casual sex, but only if they also had relatively low average cortisol levels. Conclusions: Our results support a Dual Hormone account of men’s sociosexuality, in which the combined effects of testosterone and cortisol predict the extent of men’s interest in casual sex. However, we did not detect compelling evidence for an association of within-subject hormone shifts and sexual desire or sociosexual orientation.

Steroid-induced cell proliferation in vivo is associated with increased c-myc proto-oncogene transcript abundance

Development ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
S.A. Rempel ◽  
R.N. Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Steroid Hormones ◽  
Steroid Hormone ◽  
Normal Liver ◽  
Transcript Abundance ◽  
Chicken Oviduct ◽  
Massive Cell ◽  
In Cells

Enhanced c-myc transcript abundance has been observed in a variety of human malignancies, in normal liver tissue induced to proliferate in vivo by partial hepatectomy and in cells in culture induced to proliferate with the addition of protein hormones and growth factors. Little is known, however, about the expression of cellular proto-oncogenes in cells induced to proliferate in vivo by steroid hormones. Experiments reported here indicate that when cells of the immature chicken oviduct are induced to undergo rapid in vivo proliferation by application of the estrogen hormone 17 beta-estradiol, the onset of this proliferation is associated with a rapid, large, and transient increase in c-myc transcript abundance. When estrogen is administered to chickens in which the oviduct has already differentiated, neither massive cell proliferation nor large increases in c-myc transcript abundance are induced. We conclude that the abundance of c-myc transcripts in vivo correlates well with the degree of cell proliferation induced by steroid hormone.

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