THE INFLUENCE OF OVERCROWDING ON SPERMATOGENESIS, SIZE OF LEYDIG-CELL NUCLEI (HISTOMETRICAL INVESTIGATION), AND THE ADRENAL CORTICOSTERONE CONTENTS IN MICE

1973 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 783-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Gärtner ◽  
H. Reznik-Schüller ◽  
G. Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Group Size ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Cell Nuclei ◽  
Nmri Mice ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Adrenal Corticosterone

ABSTRACT Adult male NMRI-mice were kept alone or in groups of 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 60 animals for 28 days and were then sacrificed. The corticosterone levels of their adrenals were determined and their testes were examined histometrically. The corticosterone levels of the adrenals increased two-fold with increasing population size. Furthermore the increased population size caused a suppression of some testicular functions: the seminiferous tubules decreased up to 20 % and the relative frequency of the spermatids up to 10 % whereas the numbers of spermatocytes and spermatogonias increased correspondingly. A decrease of about 25 % of the testosterone dependent postmeiotic stages of spermatogenesis is assumed. Since the diameters of the Leydig-cell nuclei decreased about 20 %, a reduction of the testicular testosterone secretion can be projected. All measurements proved the group with 5 animals to be the most favourable group size.

Spermatogenesis and testicular tumours in ageing dogs

Reproduction ◽  
2000 ◽  
pp. 443-452 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Peters ◽  
DG de Rooij ◽  
KJ Teerds ◽  
I van Der Gaag ◽  
FJ van Sluijs
Keyword(s):  
Sertoli Cell ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Score System ◽  
Testicular Tumours ◽  
Severe Impairment ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Testicular Disease ◽  
Sertoli Cell Tumours ◽  
Leydig Cell Tumours

Spermatogenesis was examined in testes from 74 dogs of various breeds without clinically detected testicular disease. A modified Johnsen score system was used to determine whether spermatogenesis deteriorates with ageing. The diameter of seminiferous tubules was measured in dogs without testicular disease to examine other possible effects of ageing on tubular performance. There appeared to be no relation between age and these variables. The influence of testicular tumours on spermatogenesis was also investigated in both affected and unaffected testes. The testes of 28 dogs with clinically palpable tumours and 21 dogs with clinically non-palpable tumours were investigated. In cases of unilateral occurrence of a tumour, impairment of spermatogenesis was observed only in the affected testis of dogs with clinically detected tumours. Bilateral occurrence of tumours, whether detected clinically or non-clinically, was associated with severe impairment of spermatogenesis. The prevalence of tumours increased during ageing. Eighty-six per cent of the clinically detected and 57% of the non-clinically detected tumours were found in old dogs. Multiple types of tumour and bilateral occurrence were very common. Seminomas and Leydig cell tumours were more frequent than Sertoli cell tumours. It was concluded that spermatogenesis per se did not decrease during ageing in dogs but the occurrence of testicular tumours increased with ageing and affected spermatogenesis significantly, as reflected by a lower Johnsen score.

scholarly journals Endocrine Disruptors Differentially Target ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters in the Blood-Testis Barrier and Affect Leydig Cell Testosterone Secretion In Vitro

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita C. A. Dankers ◽  
Maarke J. E. Roelofs ◽  
Aldert H. Piersma ◽  
Fred C. G. J. Sweep ◽  
Frans G. M. Russel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endocrine Disruptors ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Atp Binding ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette Transporters ◽  
Blood Testis Barrier ◽  
Atp Binding Cassette

scholarly journals Conazole fungicides inhibit Leydig cell testosterone secretion and androgen receptor activation in vitro

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 271-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarke J.E. Roelofs ◽  
A. Roberto Temming ◽  
Aldert H. Piersma ◽  
Martin van den Berg ◽  
Majorie B.M. van Duursen
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Receptor Activation ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Androgen Receptor Activation

scholarly journals Azathioprine and Methotrexate impaired the morphology and functions of the testes in adult wistar rats

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (02) ◽  
pp. 075-081
Author(s):  
A. Akinlolu ◽  
O. Akinola ◽  
P. Khobe ◽  
K. Obasi ◽  
O. Dada
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Connective Tissues ◽  
Group I ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Dose Dependent

Abstract Introduction: AAzathioprine and Methotrexate are both used in the treatment of cancer; and are classified as cytotoxic drugs with reported adverse effects such as oxidative damage to the DNA/RNA, the testes and sperm cells. This study, therefore, tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate administrations impair the morphology and functions of the testes in adult male wistar rats. Methods: AAzathioprine (50-150mg per day) and Methotrexate (2.5mg per week) are used in the treatment of cancer in adult Man. We tested the hypothesis that AAzathioprine and Methotrexate impair the morphology and functions of testes in rats. Forty adult male wistar rats (150-230g) were employed in the study: Control Group I received physiological saline while Experimental Groups II - V received oral administrations of 5mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 15mg/kg/bodyweight of AAzathioprine per day, 8mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week and 20mg/kg/bodyweight of Methotrexate per week respectively for 35 days. Results: Histological examinations of the testes of rats of Groups II - V showed dose-dependent morphological anomalies such as fewer collagen ibers of connective tissues, disrupted seminiferous tubules and scanty spermatozoa when compared to rats of Group I. Statistical analyses showed dose-dependent elevated levels (P≤0.05) of superoxide dismutase and malondialdehyde in testes homogenates of rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. This implied increased oxidative stress in rats of Groups II - V. Evaluations of Follicle Stimulating Hormone and Testosterone showed dose-dependent significantly elevated levels (P≤0.05) in rats of Groups II - V when compared to rats of Group I. Conclusions: Our findings are consistent with the stated hypothesis.

Changes in urinary testosterone and corticosterone metabolites during short-term confinement with repeated handling in wild male cane toads (Rhinella marina)

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward J. Narayan ◽  
Frank C. Molinia ◽  
John F. Cockrem ◽  
Jean-Marc Hero
Keyword(s):  
Adult Male ◽  
Reproductive Effort ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Cane Toad ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Metabolite Concentrations ◽  
Corticosterone Metabolites

Stressors generally decrease testosterone secretion and inhibit reproduction in animals. Urinary testosterone and corticosterone metabolite concentrations were measured in adult male cane toads (Rhinella marina) at the time of capture from the wild and during 24 h of confinement with repeated handling. Mean urinary testosterone concentrations increased 2 h after capture, were significantly elevated above initial concentrations at 5 h, and then declined. Mean testosterone concentrations remained elevated 24 h after capture. Mean urinary corticosterone concentrations increased after capture, were significantly elevated above initial concentrations at 2 h, and remained elevated thereafter. This is the first report in amphibians of an increase in testosterone excretion after capture from the wild, with previous studies showing either no change or decline in testosterone. This finding may be associated with the mating strategy and maintenance of reproductive effort in the cane toad, a species that shows explosive breeding and agonistic male–male interactions during breeding. The finding that testosterone excretion increases rather than decreases after capture in male cane toads shows that it should not be generally assumed that reproductive hormone secretion will decrease after capture in amphibians.

Endocrine and local testicular regulation

2011 ◽  
pp. 1347-1353
Author(s):  
Ilpo Huhtaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factors ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Regulatory System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Function ◽  
Cell Product ◽  
Stimulating Hormone

The testis has two functions, androgen production and spermatogenesis, and a key role in their regulation is played by the two pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). Other hormones and growth factors also influence testicular function, often by modulating the gonadotropin effects. Moreover, a plethora of local paracrine and autocrine signals within the testis are known. The main testicular hormone, testosterone, a Leydig cell product, regulates spermatogenesis in seminiferous tubules in paracrine fashion. The other functions of testosterone are endocrine, occurring outside the testis. This chapter summarizes the main hormonal regulatory system of the testis, the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis, and how its effects are modulated by other extratesticular hormones and local testicular factors.

scholarly journals In vitro pituitary and testicular effects of the leptin-related synthetic peptide leptin(116-130) amide involve actions both similar to and distinct from those of the native leptin molecule in the adult rat

2000 ◽  
pp. 406-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Tena-Sempere ◽  
L Pinilla ◽  
LC Gonzalez ◽  
J Navarro ◽  
C Dieguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adult Male ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Male Rat ◽  
Gh Secretion ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Testosterone Secretion

The obese gene (ob) product, leptin, has recently emerged as a key element in body weight homeostasis, neuroendocrine function and fertility. Identification of biologically active, readily synthesized fragments of the leptin molecule has drawn considerable attention, as they may provide a powerful tool for detailed characterization of the biological actions of leptin in different experimental settings. Recently, a fragment of mouse leptin protein comprising amino acids 116-130, termed leptin(116-130) amide, was shown to mimic the effects of the native molecule in terms of body weight gain and food intake, and to elicit LH and prolactin (PRL) secretion in vivo. As a continuation of our previous experimental work, the present study reports on the effects of leptin(116-130) amide on basal and stimulated testosterone secretion by adult rat testis in vitro. In addition, a comparison of the effects of human recombinant leptin and leptin(116-130) amide at the pituitary level on the patterns of LH, FSH, PRL and GH secretion is presented. As reported previously by our group, human recombinant leptin(10(-9)-10(-7)M) significantly inhibited both basal and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)-stimulated testosterone secretion in vitro. Similarly, incubation of testicular tissue in the presence of increasing concentrations of leptin(116-130) amide (10(-9)-10(-5)M) resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of basal and hCG-stimulated testosterone secretion; a reduction that was significant from a dose of 10(-7)M upwards. In addition, leptin(116-130) amide, at all doses tested (10(-9)-10(-5)M), significantly decreased LH and FSH secretion by incubated hemi-pituitaries from adult male rats. In contrast, in the same experimental protocol, recombinant leptin(10(-9)-10(-7)M) was ineffective in modulating LH and FSH release. Finally, neither recombinant leptin nor leptin(116-130) amide were able to change basal PRL and GH secretion in vitro. Our results confirm the ability of leptin, acting at the testicular level, to inhibit testosterone secretion, and map the effect to a domain of the leptin molecule that lies between amino acid residues 116 and 130. In addition, we provide evidence for a direct inhibitory action of leptin(116-130) amide on pituitary LH and FSH secretion, a phenomenon not observed for the native leptin molecule, in the adult male rat.

scholarly journals Mumps Virus Decreases Testosterone Production and Gamma Interferon-Induced Protein 10 Secretion by Human Leydig Cells

2003 ◽  
Vol 77 (5) ◽  
pp. 3297-3300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronan Le Goffic ◽  
Thomas Mouchel ◽  
Annick Ruffault ◽  
Jean-Jacques Patard ◽  
Bernard Jégou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cultures ◽  
Leydig Cell ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Mumps Virus ◽  
Gamma Interferon ◽  
Testosterone Secretion ◽  
Testosterone Production

ABSTRACT Mumps virus is responsible for sterility. Here, we show that the mumps virus infects Leydig cells in vitro and totally inhibits testosterone secretion and that ribavirin in mumps virus-infected Leydig cell cultures completely restores testosterone production. Moreover, we show that gamma interferon-induced protein 10 (IP-10) is highly expressed by mumps virus-infected Leydig cells and that ribavirin does not block IP-10 production.

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