Somatomedin and analogues of cyclic AMP increase the number of cells synthesizing DNA in cartilage from hypophysectomized rats

1980 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aubrey Hough ◽  
James D. Bomboy ◽  
William D. Salmon
Keyword(s):  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Nuclear Labelling ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Dna 2 ◽  
Number Of Cells

Abstract. The effects of somatomedin and certain nucleotides on nuclear labelling of cartilage cells with [3H] thymidine were determined by autoradiography. Segments of costal cartilage from hypophysectomized rats were incubated for 24 h in a basal medium with or without additions and then pulsed for 2 h with [3H]thymidine in the basal medium. Both somatomedin (0.1 U/ml) and Bt2cAMP (10−4m) increased the number of labelled nuclei, and the combined effects were more than additive. A parallelism between the effects of these agents on nuclear labelling and their effects on total thymidine incorporation into DNA was demonstrated. The 8-bromated derivative of cAMP (10−4m) also enhanced chondrocyte nuclear labelling, but neither 8-Br5'-AMP (10 −4m) nor 8-Br-cGMP (10−4m) exhibited actions of the cAMP analogues. It is concluded that in cartilage obtained from hypophysectomized rats and incubated under the specified conditions (1) both somatomedin and cAMP analogues increase the number of cells synthesizing DNA as well as total thymidine incorporation into DNA, (2) the effects of the hormone and cyclic nucleotide in combination are synergistic, and (3) the increased incorporation of labelled thymidine into DNA reflects increased DNA synthesis and not merely an alteration of the specific activity of the intracellular thymidine nucleotide pool.

GROWTH HORMONE AND RADIO-SULFATE INCORPORATION IN COSTAL CARTILAGE

1961 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elliott J. Collins ◽  
Vernon F. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Time Response ◽  
Hormone Activity ◽  
Reliable Estimation ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Related Response ◽  
Sulfate Incorporation

ABSTRACT The characteristics and nature of the effect of growth hormone on the incorporation of radio-sulfate into the costal cartilage of hypophysectomized rats has been studied. The time-response studies indicate that a reliable estimation of growth hormone activity can be ascertained within a 24 hour period, and a reproducible dose-related response can be obtained at dosage levels ranging from 12-48 μg. Growth hormone stimulates the synthesis of organic sulfates and accumulation of inorganic sulfates within 48 hours.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE LIVER: EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY, ADRENALECTOMY, AND ADMINISTRATIONOF ACTH ON THE INCORPORATION OF RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHATE INTO RNA NUCLEOTIDES

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. Logan ◽  
F. C. Heagy ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Relative Specific Activity ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats

The specific activity of the liver RNA nucleotide phosphorus, relative to the specific activity of the liver inorganic phosphate, was determined in the rat, 16 hr. after an intraperitoneal injection of radioactive inorganic phosphate. The nucleotides were isolated by ionophoresis on paper strips.Hypophysectomy caused a decrease in the relative specific activity of each of the four RNA nucleotides. The administration of ACTH caused an increase in the incorporation of P32 into each of the RNA nucleotides of the liver of hypophysectomized animals, but it caused a small and statistically significant decrease in normal animals. Adrenalectomy, either in normal or in hypophysectomized rats, did not affect the P32 incorporation, nor did the administration of ACTH in the absence of the adrenal glands.It is concluded that ACTH can affect the incorporation of P32 into the RNA of the liver and that this effect is due to the action of the hormone on the adrenal cortex. However, other factors also must be operative, since removal of the adrenal glands does not cause the decrease in the P32 incorporation observed after removal of the pituitary.

PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM OF THE ADRENAL GLAND: THE MECHANISM OF THE CHANGE AFTER HYPOPHYSECTOMY

1954 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-270 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. E. Riedel ◽  
R. J. Rossiter
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Extracellular Fluid ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Inorganic P ◽  
Fluid Compartment ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Specific Activities ◽  
Isotope Equilibrium

The specific activity of the intracellular inorganic phosphate (P) of the adrenal gland relative to that of the inorganic P of the plasma is significantly decreased in hypophysectomized rats at time intervals as long as 16 hr. after the injection of inorganic P labelled with P32. The specific activity of the intracellular inorganic P was determined (1) by measuring the specific activity of the easily-hydrolyzable acid-soluble P, which rapidly comes into isotope equilibrium with the intracellular inorganic P, (2) by calculation, from the specific activity of the inorganic P of the whole adrenal, assuming values for the specific activity and the concentration of the inorganic P of the extracellular fluid and the volume of the extracellular fluid compartment, and (3) by measuring the specific activities of the inorganic P of both the adrenal gland and the plasma at a series of time intervals after the injection of the P32. It is concluded that the decrease in the relative specific activity of the intracellular inorganic P of the adrenal is the result of a slowing in the passage of inorganic P32 across the cell membrane, i.e. from the extracellular to the intracellular fluid.

scholarly journals Screening of Keratinolytic Bacteria from Poultry Wastes

1970 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Jahan ◽  
SN Khan ◽  
M Mozammel Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Bacillus Sp ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Feather Waste ◽  
Key Words Identification ◽  
Bacillus Spp ◽  
Poultry Feather

The aim of this study was to characterize keratinolytic bacteria isolated from feather waste. Six isolates were recovered from poultry feather- decomposed materials. Isolate Z3 and Z4 showed important feather degrading activity when grown on basal medium containing 1% native feather as the only source of energy, carbon and nitrogen. All isolates were Gram positive and rod-shaped bacilli. Based on microscopic and biochemical analysis, the isolates were identified as Bacillus spp. Keratinolytic activities of these isolates were measured after cultivation of the bacteria on raw feathers. Maximum keratinase activity was showed by the isolate Z4 (22.3 U/ml) with the specific activity of 40.5 U/mg. Bacillus sp. Z4 is a potent producer of keratinase, which can be used for production of the enzyme in large scale. Key words: Identification; Purification; Characterization; Keratinase; Feather DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v45i3.6535Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 45(3), 261-266, 2010

scholarly journals Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimizing Arginine Deiminase Production Medium forEnterococcus faeciumsp. GR7

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baljinder Kaur ◽  
Rajinder Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Response Surface Methodology ◽  
Central Composite Design ◽  
Response Surface ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Arginine Deiminase ◽  
Arginine Metabolism ◽  
Central Composite ◽  
Fermentation Media

Arginine metabolism inEnterococcus faeciumsp. GR7 was enhanced via arginine deiminase pathway. Process parameters including fermentation media and environmental conditions were optimized using independent experiments and response surface methodology (central composite design). Fermentation media (EAPM) were optimized using independent experiments which resulted in 4-fold increase in arginine deiminase specific activity as compared to basal medium. To further enhance arginine deiminase activity inE. faeciumsp. GR7 and biomass production including a five-level central composite design (CCD) was employed to study the interactive effect of three-process variables. Response surface methodology suggested a quadratic model which was further validated experimentally where it showed approximately 15-fold increase in arginine metabolism (in terms of arginine deiminase specific activity) over basal medium. By solving the regression equation and analyzing the response surface cartons, optimal concentrations of the media components (g/L) were determined as arginine 20.0; tryptone 15.0; lactose 10.0; K2HPO43.0; NaCl 1.0, MnSO40.6 mM; Tween 80 1%; pH 6.0 for achieving specific arginine deiminase activity of 4.6 IU/mG with concomitant biomass production of 12.1 mg/L. The model is significant as the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.87 to 0.90 for all responses. Enhanced arginine deiminase yield fromE. faecium, a GRAS lactic acid bacterial strain, is desirable to explorein vitrotherapeutic potential of the arginine metabolizingE. faeciumsp. GR7.

Dexamethasone and 8-bromo-cyclic AMP depress the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into mouse condylar cartilage by different pathways

1986 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kraiem ◽  
G. Maor ◽  
M. Silbermann
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Amp ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Phosphodiesterase Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Condylar Cartilage ◽  
Camp Analogue ◽  
Dose Dependent Fashion ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT We examined whether cyclic AMP (cAMP) affects the incorporation of [3H]thymidine into cartilage cells and, if so, whether this action could be related to the inhibitory effect of glucocorticoid hormones on the growth of ossifying cartilage. Incorporation of [3H]thymidine into trichloroacetic acid-precipitable material by mouse cartilage was measured concomitantly with the concentration of cAMP. Dexamethasone (1 μmol/l) significantly (P < 0·05) depressed the incorporation of [3H]thymidine. The cAMP analogue 8-bromo-cAMP (0·01–1 mmol/l) also depressed the incorporation of the radionucleotide in a dose-dependent fashion. When various concentrations of 8-bromo-cAMP were added with dexamethasone (1 μmol/l), no apparent changes took place compared with the effect of dexamethasone alone. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (0·2-1 mmol/l) elicited an inhibitory effect on [3H]thymidine incorporation and a stimulatory influence on cartilage cAMP concentrations. Dexamethasone, at doses (0·01–1 μmol/l) causing significant inhibition of [3H]thymidine incorporation, failed to increase cartilage levels of cAMP. It seems, therefore, that the depressive effect of dexamethasone on [3H]thymidine incorporation in condylar cartilage is not mediated through an increase of cAMP in the tissue. J. Endocr. (1986) 109, 209–213

scholarly journals Amylase Production from Solid State Fermentation and Submerged Liquid Fermentation by Aspergillus niger

2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Dharani ◽  
NS Kumaran
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Solid State Fermentation ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Basal Medium ◽  
Banana Peel ◽  
Liquid Fermentation ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Solid Substrates ◽  
Moisture Conditions

The purpose of this work is to study the optimized cultural conditions for the production of amylase by Aspergillus niger in solid state and submerged liquid fermentation. Four solid substrates banana peel, corn, potato and tapioca with different moisture conditions were taken for solid state fermentation (SSF). Basal medium was used for submerged liquid fermentation (SLF) with different pH (3 to 8), temperature (25, 30, 35 and 40ºC), carbon concentration (1, 2 and 3 g) and nitrogen source (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 g). In SSF, tapioca yielded highest amylase activity and specific activity (4.43U/ml and 4.58U/mg) at 50% moisture content. In SLF, 2 g starch and 0.3 g peptone concentration showed 0.78 and 1.23 U/ml amylase activities under the optimum pH (5) and temperature (30ºC) the amylase activities reached to 0.86 U/ml and 0.76 U/ml respectively. In SSF using tapioca as substrate the enzyme yield is about five times higher than that achieved with submerged liquid culture. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v47i1.7310 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 47(1), 99-104, 2012

EFFECT OF GROWTH HORMONE AND PEPTIDE FRACTIONS CONTAINING SOMATOMEDIN ACTIVITY ON GROWTH AND CARTILAGE METABOLISM OF SNELL DWARFMICE

1979 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 242-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylvia van Buul-Offers ◽  
Jan Leo Van den Brande ◽  
C. M. Hoogerbrugge ◽  
L. Dumoleijn ◽  
P. L. M. v.d. Klundert
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Thymidine Incorporation ◽  
Costal Cartilage ◽  
Human Growth ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Skinfold Thickness ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Significant Rise

ABSTRACT In order to obtain more information about a possible role of somatomedin (SM) in vivo, increase in length and weight, costal cartilage activity (35SO4 = and 3H-methyl-thymidine incorporation), organ weight and serum glucose levels were studied in Snell dwarfmice, during treatment with human growth hormone (hGH), l-thyroxine (T4), insulin and a semipurified SM-preparation (SM-P1). SM-P1, hGH and T4 caused a significant increase in length and weight, whereas insulin was not effective in a dosage similar to the insulinlikeactivity of the SM-P1 preparation measured by radioreceptorassay. The effect obtained with the SM-preparation cannot be due to contamination of GH, prolactin, T4, insulin or testosterone. Costal cartilage activity was measured three days after initiation of treatment by incubation immediately after sacrifice in plasma free medium. Both sulphate and thymidine incorporation were increased by the administration of SM-Pl and hGH, compared to buffer treated controls. After treatment for four weeks no differences between treated and untreated animals in cartilage activity could be observed anymore. Both SM-P1 and hGH induced weight gain in most organs. An outspoken effect was seen on lymphoid organs, the submandibular salivary glands and muscle, a sizable effect was present on the kidneys and a small effect, not reaching significance for the SM-Pl treated group on brain weight. An impression of divergence was seen with liver weight, which increased on hGH while there was a small and not significant rise on SM-P1. A definite discrepancy was found in skinfold thickness, which was essentially unchanged on hGH and increased on SM-P1. Testes and epididymal fat, though probably increasing their weights, were in insufficient number to do statistics on. Serum T4 is low in untreated dwarfmice. It is increased to a subnormal level after hGH administration whereas no effect is observed with SM-P1. The dose dependent effect of insulin, measured by radioimmunoassay, on the induction of hypoglycaemia is markedly similar to the effect of nonradioimmunoactive insulin-like activity of SM-P1 as measured by radioreceptorassay. The hypoglycaemia induced with insulin and the SM-preparation is reduced by adding 10 % glucose to the diet. In conclusion: SM-P1 shows growth stimulating and insulin-like actions in vivo. The pattern of effects obtained with hGH, T4 and insulin differs from that of SM-P1.

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