Effect of growth hormone treatment on hormonal parameters, body composition and strength in athletes

1993 ◽  
Vol 128 (4) ◽  
pp. 313-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roman Deyssig ◽  
Herwig Frisch ◽  
Werner F Blum ◽  
Thomas Waldhör
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein

The effect of recombinant GH on strength, body composition and endocrine parameters in power athletes was investigated in a controlled study. Twenty-two healthy, non-obese males (age 23.4±0.5 years; ideal body weight 122±3.1%, body fat 10.1±1.0%; mean±sem) were included. Probands were assigned in a double-blind manner to either GH treatment (0.09U (kg BW)−1 day−1 sc) or placebo for a period of six weeks. To exclude concurrent treatment with androgenic-anabolic steroids urine specimens were tested at regular intervals for these substances. Serum was assayed for GH, IGF-I, IGF-binding protein, insulin and thyroxine before the onset of the study and at two-weekly intervals thereafter. Maximal voluntary strength of the biceps and quadriceps muscles was measured on a strength training apparatus. Fat mass and lean body mass were derived from measurements of skinfolds at ten sites with a caliper. For final evaluation only data of those 8 and 10 subjects in the two groups who completed the study were analyzed. GH, IGF-I and IGF-binding protein were in the normal range before therapy and increased significantly in the GH-treated group. Fasting insulin concentrations increased insignificantly and thyroxine levels decreased significantly in the GH-treated probands. There was no effect of GH treatment on maximal strength during concentric contraction of the biceps and quadriceps muscles. Body weight and body fat were not changed significantly during treatment. We conclude that the anabolic, lipolytic effect of GH therapy in adults depends on the degree of fat mass and GH deficiency. In highly trained power athletes with low fat mass there were no effects of GH treatment on strength and body composition.

scholarly journals Effects of Growth Hormone (GH) on Ghrelin, Leptin, and Adiponectin in GH-Deficient Patients

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 5193-5198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Britt Edén Engström ◽  
Pia Burman ◽  
Camilla Holdstock ◽  
F. Anders Karlsson
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Glucose Production ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Igf I

Abstract Ghrelin is a recently discovered gastric peptide that increases appetite, glucose oxidation, and lipogenesis and stimulates the secretion of GH. In contrast to ghrelin, GH promotes lipolysis, glucose production, and insulin secretion. Both ghrelin and GH are suppressed by intake of nutrients, especially glucose. The role of GH in the regulation of ghrelin has not yet been established. We investigated the effect of GH on circulating levels of ghrelin in relation to its effects on glucose, insulin, body composition, and the adipocyte-derived peptides leptin and adiponectin. Thirty-six patients with adult-onset GH deficiency received recombinant human GH for 9 months in a placebo-controlled study. Body composition and fasting serum analytes were assessed at baseline and at the end of the study. The GH treatment was accompanied by increased serum levels of IGF-I, reduced body weight (−2%) and body fat (−27%), and increased serum concentrations of glucose (+10%) and insulin (+48%). Ghrelin levels decreased in 30 of 36 subjects by a mean of −29%, and leptin decreased by a mean of −24%. Adiponectin increased in the women only. The decreases in ghrelin and leptin correlated with changes in fat mass, fat-free mass, and IGF-I. The reductions in ghrelin were predicted independently of the changes in IGF-I and fat mass. It is likely that the reductions in ghrelin and leptin reflect the metabolic effects of GH on lipid mobilization and glucose production. Possibly, a suppression of ghrelin promotes loss of body fat in GH-deficient patients receiving treatment. The observed correlation between the changes in ghrelin and IGF-I may suggest that the GH/IGF-I axis has a negative feedback on ghrelin secretion.

Moderate food restriction reduces serum IGF-I and alters circulating IGF-binding protein profiles in lactating rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
M H Monaco ◽  
S M Donovan
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mammary Gland ◽  
Food Restriction ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Gh ◽  
Igfbp 3

Abstract The role of somatogenic and lactogenic hormones in the adaptative mechanisms which occur in response to nutrient restriction during lactation is unknown. To characterize the effect of food restriction during lactation on serum IGF-I, GH and prolactin concentrations and serum IGF-binding protein (IGFBP) profiles, lactating dams had free access to food (control) or were restricted to 60% of control intake during pregnancy and lactation (RPL) or only during lactation (RL). Serum, milk and mammary gland samples were collected throughout lactation. RL dams lost body weight, control dams gained weight, while RPL dams maintained body weight during lactation. By day 20, body and mammary gland weights of RL and RPL dams did not differ and were lower than control (P<0·05). Serum IGF-I concentrations in restricted groups were lower than control (P<0·05), however, hepatic expression of IGF-I mRNA did not differ between groups in early (day 1) or mid-lactation (day 8) and was increased on day 20 in RL dams compared with RPL or control. These data suggest that serum IGF-I and hepatic IGF-I mRNA expression are not co-ordinately regulated in the food-restricted lactating rat. In early lactation, serum IGFBP-3 was lower in RPL dams than control (P<0·05), whereas IGFBP-1 and -2 were increased in RL and RPL dams in late lactation compared with control. The decrease in IGFBP-3 and increase in lower molecular weight IGFBP may have contributed to the reduction in serum IGF-I by increasing IGF-I clearance from the circulation. Serum GH and prolactin were measured in samples obtained between 0900 and 1200 h. Serum GH did not differ with the exception of an increase on day 1 in control relative to RPL dams and on day 20 in RL dams relative to RPL and control. Serum prolactin was higher in the RL dams than controls on day 4. In summary, food restriction during pregnancy and lactation or solely during lactation results in similar reductions in serum IGF-I and alterations in serum IGFBP despite differences in body weight responses to food restriction during lactation. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 303–316

Long R3 insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) infusion stimulates organ growth but reduces plasma IGF-I, IGF-II and IGF binding protein concentrations in the guinea pig

1995 ◽  
Vol 146 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
M A Conlon ◽  
F M Tomas ◽  
P C Owens ◽  
J C Wallace ◽  
G S Howarth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein

Abstract We have tested whether an animal with substantial amounts of both IGF-I and IGF-II in circulation, such as the guinea pig, would respond to chronic IGF infusion in the same manner as the adult rat, which has negligible amounts of IGF-II in blood. Female guinea pigs of 350 g body weight were continuously infused for 7 days with recombinant guinea pig IGF-I or -II (120 or 360 μg/day) or long R3 IGF-I (LR3IGF-I) (120 μg/day), an analogue which has much reduced affinities for IGF binding proteins. IGF-I or IGF-II infusion led to substantial increases in plasma IGF-I or IGF-II respectively in comparison with vehicle-infused animals. Nevertheless, body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion efficiency and carcass composition were not significantly affected by any treatment (significance was deemed to be P<0·05). Amongst the tissues examined only the fractional weight (g/kg body weight) of the adrenals was increased, and that only by the higher dose (360 μg/day) of IGF-I. However, the fractional weight of adrenals, gut, kidneys and spleen were significantly increased by LR3IGF-I, but again overall growth was not stimulated. A possible explanation for the lack of IGF-I effects is that total circulating IGF concentrations were not increased by these treatments. IGF-II significantly raised total IGF concentrations at the higher dose only. Plasma IGF-I was reduced by IGF-II infusion, as was plasma IGF-II by IGF-I infusion. LR3IGF-I treatment lowered both plasma IGF-I and IGF-II concentrations, a response probably related to a reduction in total plasma IGF binding protein (IGFBP), especially IGFBP-3, concentrations. We conclude that although the guinea pig is responsive to IGF treatment, the effects differ markedly from those elicited in rats. Journal of Endocrinology (1995) 146, 247–253

scholarly journals Adolescents with Partial Growth Hormone (GH) Deficiency Develop Alterations of Body Composition after GH Discontinuation and Require Follow-Up

2003 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 5101-5106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maithé Tauber ◽  
Béatrice Jouret ◽  
Audrey Cartault ◽  
Nadia Lounis ◽  
Michèle Gayrard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Normal Group ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Tomography Scan

Abstract It is now a consensus to resume GH treatment in adolescents with severe GH deficiency (GHD) at retesting to prevent the occurrence of adult GHD syndrome. However, we do not have any data on the follow-up of adolescents with nonsevere GHD at completion of treatment. This report presents preliminary data from a 1-yr prospective study that includes the first 91 patients retested. Anthropometric data, IGF-I and IGF binding protein-3 levels, glycemia and insulinemia, lipid profile, and body composition using dual x-ray absorptiometry and abdominal computed tomography scan were recorded at completion of GH treatment and 1 yr later. Body composition was significantly different at both evaluations, with increased total body fat and decreased lean body mass in the partial GHD group vs. the normal group. Moreover, these alterations worsened after 1 yr without GH in the partial GHD group, whereas there were no modifications in the normal group. We did not find any metabolic alterations such as elevated triglyceride, total cholesterol, or insulin levels. Adolescents with reconfirmed partial GHD exhibit alterations in body composition after 1 yr without GH, whereas those retested normal do not. These changes are similar to those described in severe GHD, although less marked, and justify a precise follow-up.

scholarly journals Basal and Growth Hormone-Induced Hepatic Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Expression of Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-I) and IGF-Binding Protein-3 Is Independent of Hyperinsulinemia and Increased Energy Status in the Genetically Obese Zucker Rat*

Endocrinology ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 138 (3) ◽  
pp. 1066-1071 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Melián ◽  
B. Velasco ◽  
R. Barrios ◽  
F. Sanchez-Franco
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Zucker Rats ◽  
Energy Status ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Obese Zucker Rats ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Serum Gh ◽  
Igfbp 3

Abstract Genetically obese Zucker rats, like obese humans, have normal or elevated circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) levels in the presence of low GH secretion. Hyperinsulinemia, increased energy status, or other nutritional factors associated with obesity could be responsible for these findings directly by increasing hepatic IGF-I production at the transcriptional or posttranscriptional level. Alternatively, circulating IGF-I could be modulated indirectly by affecting its binding proteins. To further elucidate this point, we quantitated hepatic IGF-I, IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), and GH receptor messenger RNAs (mRNAs) expression in obese Zucker rats under different serum GH and insulin conditions using lean rats as controls. Eleven-week-old male rats were studied basally (intact) or after hypophysectomy (hx) at 9 weeks. In each condition, animals were killed before or 6 h after one dose of recombinant human GH (1.5 μg/g body weight ip). At this time, in addition to the mRNA expression of the above-mentioned genes, body weight, glycemia, insulinemia, serum GH (rat and human), and serum IGF-I levels were determined. Obese Zucker rats were significantly heavier than controls in all the conditions studied and did not show differences in glycemia. Severely hyperinsulinemic intact obese rats (146.9 ± 14 vs. 46.3 ± 3 μU/ml, P &lt; 0.001) showed compared with intact lean rats significantly lower serum GH (2.39 ± 0.9 vs. 4.98 ± 0.68 ng/ml, P &lt; 0.01), decreased hepatic IGF-I mRNA and IGFBP-3 mRNA accumulation (IGF-Ia: 79 ± 5.9% vs. 100 ± 0.9%, P &lt; 0.05; IGF-Ib: 67 ± 5.5% vs. 100.1 ± 1.9%,P &lt; 0.001; IGFBP-3: 54.7 ± 2.75% vs. 100.5 ± 1.55%, P &lt; 0.001), and similar circulating IGF-I levels (1439 ± 182 vs. 1516 ± 121 ng/ml). Under comparable serum GH levels in GH-treated intact, hx, and GH-treated hx animals, hyperinsulinemia and/or increased body weight present in obese rats were not associated with increased hepatic IGF-I and IGFBP-3 mRNA amount. No differences in GH receptor/GH-binding protein mRNAs were found in any experimental condition. These results suggest that in vivo the imbalance of the serum GH/IGF-I axis present in obesity is primarily due to events distal to the hepatic IGF-I and IGFBP-3 mRNAs expression, which is tightly correlated to GH levels.

Intestinotrophic effects of exogenous IGF-I are not diminished in IGF binding protein-5 knockout mice

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (6) ◽  
pp. R2144-R2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sangita G. Murali ◽  
Xiaowen Liu ◽  
David W. Nelson ◽  
Angela K. Hull ◽  
Michael Grahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Intestinal Growth ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Stimulation Of ◽  
Igfbp 3

IGF binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) modulates the availability of IGF-I to its receptor and potentiates the intestinotrophic action of IGF-I. Our aim was to test the hypothesis that stimulation of intestinal growth due to coinfusion of IGF-I with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) solution is dependent on increased expression of IGFBP-5 through conducting our studies in IGFBP-5 knockout (KO) mice. IGFBP-5 KO, heterozygote (HT) and wild type (WT) male and female mice were maintained with TPN or TPN plus coinfusion of IGF-I [recombinant human (rh)IGF-I; 2.5 mg·kg−1·day−1] for 5 days. The concentration of IGF-I in serum was 73% greater ( P < 0.0001) in mice given TPN + IGF-I infusion compared with TPN alone. IGF-I attenuated the 2–3 g loss of body weight associated with TPN in WT mice, whereas KO and HT mice did not show improvement in body weight with IGF-I treatment. KO and HT mice had significantly greater levels of circulating IGF-I binding proteins (IGFBPs) compared with WT mice. Intestinal growth due to IGF-I was observed in all groups treated with IGF-I based on greater concentrations of protein and DNA in small intestine and colon and significantly greater crypt depth and muscularis thickness in jejunum. Jejunal expression of IGFBP-5 mRNA was greater in WT mice, whereas IGFBP-3 mRNA was greater in KO mice treated with IGF-I. In summary, the absence of the IGFBP-5 gene did not block the ability of IGF-I to stimulate intestinal growth, possibly because greater jejunal expression of IGFBP-3 compensates for the absence of IGFBP-5.

scholarly journals Effect of thyroxine administration on the IGF/IGF binding protein system in neonatal and adult thyroidectomized rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 169 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Ramos ◽  
L Goya ◽  
C Alvarez ◽  
MA Martin ◽  
AM Pascual-Leone
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Plasma Insulin ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein

The effects of different doses of thyroxine (T(4)) delivered by injection or s.c. pellet implantation on alterations of the IGF/IGF binding protein (IGFBP) system were studied in neonatal and adult thyroidectomized (Tx) rats. Body weight, blood glucose, plasma insulin, TSH and GH and pituitary GH content, as well as serum IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-1, -2 and -3 and their liver mRNA expression were assayed. Pellet implantation with the smaller dose of T(4) (1.5 microg/100 g body weight (b.w.) per day) in Tx neonatal rats decreased serum IGF-I, -II and the 30 kDa complex of IGFBPs (IGFBP-1 and -2), and increased serum IGFBP-3. Only the larger dose of T(4) (3 microg/100 g b.w. per day) recovered liver mRNA expression of IGF-I and ensured euthyroid status as shown by the normalized levels of plasma TSH. The rapid increase of body weight and serum GH after T(4) administration indicated a high sensitivity to T(4) during the neonatal period. Serum and liver mRNA expression of IGFs and plasma insulin and GH recovered in adult Tx rats after pellet implantation of 1.75 microg/100 g b.w. per day throughout 10 days. The continuous replacement of T(4) by pellet seems to be the most suitable method for thyroid rehabilitation. A very good correlation was found between insulin and IGF-II in Tx neonates treated with T(4) but not between insulin and IGF-I in Tx adults. IGFBP-2 seems to be up-regulated by T(4) deprivation in neonatal and adult rats. Finally, a good correlation as well as a partial correlation were found between IGFs and thyroid hormones in both neonatal and adult Tx populations, suggesting a direct effect in vivo of T(4) on the hepatic secretion of IGFs, as previously suggested in vitro.

Effects of porcine growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) on immunoreactive IGF-binding protein concentration in pigs

1989 ◽  
Vol 120 (1) ◽  
pp. 153-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Walton ◽  
T. D. Etherton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Porcine Serum ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Acid Stable

ABSTRACT A specific radioimmunoasay (RIA) was established for an acid-stable insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGF-BP) isolated from porcine serum. The RIA recognizes a GH-dependent 150 kDa protein in porcine serum; therefore we postulate that the acid-stable IGF-BP is a component of the high molecular weight IGF-BP in porcine serum. The IGF-BP concentration was assayed in porcine serum (normal, 2·44 mg/l; hypophysectomized, 0·83 mg/l; serum from a GH-treated pig, 4·72 mg/l), porcine colostrum (2·55 mg/l), milk (0·91 mg/l), and amniotic (1·82–3·14 mg/l), allantoic (2·94–3·58 mg/l) and follicular (2·28 mg/l) fluids. Serum concentrations of IGF-BP were significantly increased (63%) in pigs chronically injected with porcine GH (pGH) (70 μg/kg body weight per day for 17 days). Concentrations of IGF-BP did not change in porcine serum following acute challenges with pGH (10–1000 μg/kg body weight) or IGF-I (4 or 8 mg per pig). This is the first report of a specific RIA for the porcine GH-dependent IGF-BP. Our results indicate that this IGF-BP is found in a wide variety of biological fluids and that its concentration appears to be regulated by pGH but not by IGF-I. Journal of Endocrinology (1989) 120, 153–160

Associations between IGF-I, IGF-binding proteins and bone turnover markers in prepubertal obese children

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Gajewska ◽  
Witold Klemarczyk ◽  
Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz ◽  
Katarzyna Szamotulska ◽  
Magdalena Chełchowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Igf Binding Proteins ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igfbp 3

Abstract: To assess the relationships between components of the growth hormone axis, body composition, and bone markers in obese children.: We determined the levels of bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-I), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I), and IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) by immunoenzymatic methods, and body composition by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in 45 obese and 20 non-obese children.IGF-I and functional IGFBP-3 levels, IGF-I/total IGFBP-3, and functional IGFBP-3/total IGFBP-3 molar ratios were significantly higher in obese patients than in controls. Multivariate regression analysis in obese patients showed significant associations of BALP with IGF-I (p=0.047) and percent of body fat mass (p=0.002).The relationship of IGF-I and functional IGFBP-3 to BALP may support the concept of IGF-I influence on accelerated bone formation process in obesity. Moreover, IGF-I and percentage of body fat mass may be significant predictors of BALP in obese during the prepubertal period.

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