scholarly journals Circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a general female population

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina B. Stensen ◽  
Lars Småbrekke ◽  
Karina Olsen ◽  
Guri Grimnes ◽  
Christopher Sivert Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Standard Deviation Increase ◽  
Female Population ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Persistent Carriage ◽  
Carriage Prevalence

Objective Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen, and nasal carriers have an increased risk for infection and disease. The exploration of host determinants for nasal carriage is relevant to decrease infection burden. Former studies demonstrate lower carriage prevalence in women and among users of progestin-only contraceptives. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible associations between circulating sex-steroid hormones and nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus in a general population. Methods In the population-based sixth Tromsø study (2007-2008) nurses collected nasal swab samples from 724 women aged 30-87 not using any exogenous hormones, and 700 of the women had a repeated nasal swab taken (median interval 28 days). We analysed a panel of serum sex-steroids by Liquid Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry, and collected information about lifestyle, health and anthropometric measures. Multivariable logistic regression was used to study the association between circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus carriage (one swab) and persistent carriage (two swabs), while adjusting for potential confounding factors. Women in luteal phase were excluded in the analysis of androgens. Results Staphylococcus aureus persistent nasal carriage prevalence was 22%. One standard deviation increase in testosterone and bioavailable testosterone was associated with lower odds of persistent nasal carriage, (OR=0.57; 95% CI=0.35-0.92 and OR=0.52, 95%CI=0.30-0.92), respectively. Analysis stratified by menopause gave similar findings. Persistent carriers had lower average levels of androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone, however not statistically significant. Conclusion This large population-based study supports that women with lower levels of circulating testosterone may have increased probability of Staphylococcus aureus persistent carriage.

scholarly journals Circulating sex-steroids and Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in a general female population

2021 ◽  
Vol 184 (6) ◽  
pp. X3
Author(s):  
Dina B Stensen ◽  
Lars Småbrekke ◽  
Karina Olsen ◽  
Guri Grimnes ◽  
Christopher Sivert Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sex Steroids ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Female Population ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

scholarly journals Prevalence and population structure of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage in healthcare workers in a general population. The Tromsø Staph and Skin Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 141 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. OLSEN ◽  
M. SANGVIK ◽  
G. S. SIMONSEN ◽  
J. U. E. SOLLID ◽  
A. SUNDSFJORD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk

SUMMARYHealthcare workers (HCWs) may be a reservoir for Staphylococcus aureus transmission to patients. We examined whether HCW status is associated with S. aureus nasal carriage and population structure (spa types) in 1302 women (334 HCWs) and 977 men (71 HCWs) aged 30–69 years participating in the population-based Tromsø Study in 2007–2008. Multivariable logistic regression models were used. While no methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was isolated, overall, 26·2% of HCWs and 26·0% of non-HCWs were S. aureus nasal carriers. For women overall and women residing with children, the odds ratios for nasal carriage were 1·54 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·09–2·19] and 1·86 (95% CI 1·14–3·04), respectively, in HCWs compared to non-HCWs. Moreover, HCWs vs. non-HCWs had a 2·17 and 3·16 times higher risk of spa types t012 and t015, respectively. This supports the view that HCWs have an increased risk of S. aureus nasal carriage depending on gender, family status and spa type.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and MRSA among Medical students: a literature review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. e347101119536
Author(s):  
Amanda de Souza Lemos ◽  
Ana Carolina Mello Fontoura de Souza ◽  
Bruna Karas ◽  
Camilla Mattia Calixto ◽  
Celine Iris Meijerink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environments ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Objective: The aim was to analyze the results of studies about the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus among medical students. Methodology: A literature review was carried out from August to November 2020, being selected 19 articles from the Pubmed and “Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde” databases, using the descriptors “Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus” and “Students, Medical”. Studies from the last 10 years that target medical students and samples collected by nasal swab were included. Results: Several studies have confirmed the hypothesis that, as students advanced in the academic years and, consequently, raised their exposure to hospital environments, colonization by methicillin-sensitive and resistant Staphylococcus aureus increased. However, some studies were divergent, not finding significant values ​​for this association. The prevalences found also varied according to the place and country surveyed. Conclusion: In general, the greater the exposure to hospital environments, the higher the rate of colonization of students by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus aureus.

No evident association of nasal carriage of Staphylococcus aureus or its small-colony variants with cotrimoxazole use or ANCA-associated vasculitis relapses

Rheumatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boun Kim Tan ◽  
Yoann Crabol ◽  
Jason Tasse ◽  
Frédéric Laurent ◽  
Narimane Nekkab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Microscopic Polyangiitis ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Small Colony Variant ◽  
Anca Associated Vasculitis ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Relapse Rates

AbstractObjectiveTo identify the role of Staphylococcus aureus (SA) or its intracellular small-colony variant phenotype (SCV) with co-trimoxazole (CTX) or ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) activity.MethodsAll consecutive AAV patients with granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), eosinophilic GPA or microscopic polyangiitis, followed at the French National Vasculitis Referral Center (09/2012–05/2013), and hospitalized non-AAV controls, exclusively for SA/SCV carriage comparisons, were enrolled. All had bilateral anterior nasal swab cultures. Nasal SA or SCV carriage was determined and associations with relapse(s), BVAS, ANCA-positivity, anti-staphylococcal and immunosuppressant use, were analysed ⩾4 years post-inclusion.ResultsNasal SA carriage rates did not differ among AAVs (P = 0.53): GPA (24/80; 30%), EGPA (7/28; 25%) and microscopic polyangiitis (3/11; 27.3%); and the rate was less frequent in controls than in GPA patients not taking CTX (P = 0.04). AAV patients taking CTX prophylaxis had less nasal SA carriage (8.7% vs 36.2%; P = 0.02). Nasal SA carriage or CTX use did not modify relapse rates, BVAS or ANCA-positivity at inclusion or during follow-up. Nasal SCV carriage, found in 15/207 (7.2%) patients, was similar for GPA (10/24; 41.7%), microscopic polyangiitis (2/7; 28.6%) and eosinophilic GPA (2/3; 66.7%), but higher (P = 0.02) than controls (1/14; 7.1%). SCV carriage by AAV groups did not modify relapse rates or ANCA positivity at inclusion or during follow-up; a trend towards higher BVAS was observed only for anti-PR3 ANCA patients.ConclusionNasal SA or SCV carriage was comparable among AAVs but more frequent than in controls. Nasal SA or SCV carriage and CTX use did not modify AAV relapse rates.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization among Children with Sickle Cell Disease at the Children’s Hospital, Accra: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antibiotic Resistance

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Vera A. Appiah ◽  
George A. Pesewu ◽  
Fleischer C. N. Kotey ◽  
Alahaman Nana Boakye ◽  
Samuel Duodu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cell Disease ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
And Control ◽  
Carriage Prevalence

The aim of this study was to investigate S. aureus carriage among children with sickle cell disease (SCD), including the prevalence, risk factors, and antibiotic resistance. The study was cross-sectional, and involved 120 children with SCD recruited at the Princess Marie Louise Children’s Hospital (PML) in Accra and 100 apparently healthy children from environs of the hospital. Nasal swab samples were collected from the study participants and cultured for bacteria. Confirmation of S. aureus and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were done using the tube coagulase test and mecA polymerase chain reaction, respectively. All the S. aureus isolates were tested against standard antimicrobial agents using the Kirby-Bauer method. A structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic and clinical data of the study participants. Binary logistic regression was used to identify determinants of S. aureus and MRSA carriage among the study participants. The nasal carriage prevalence of S. aureus was 33.3% (n = 40) and 10% (n = 10) among the participants of the SCD and control groups, respectively. As regards MRSA nasal carriage prevalence, the respective values were 3.33% (n = 4) and 0.00% (n = 0). SCD was significantly associated with S. aureus colonization (p < 0.0001, OR = 4.045), but not MRSA colonization (p = 0.128). In the SCD group, the significant predictors of S. aureus carriage were increasing age (p = 0.003; OR = 1.275) and living in self-contained apartments (p = 0.033; OR = 3.632), whereas male gender (p = 0.018; OR = 0.344) and the practice of self-medication (p = 0.039; OR = 0.233) were protective of S. aureus carriage. In the control group, a history of hospitalization in the past year was a risk factor for the carriage of S. aureus (p = 0.048; OR = 14.333). Among the participants of the SCD and control groups, respectively, the resistance prevalence recorded by S. aureus against the various antibiotics investigated were penicillin (100% each), cotrimoxazole (27.5% vs. 20%), tetracycline (25% vs. 50%), rifampicin (82.5% vs. 50%), erythromycin (30% vs. 20%), clindamycin (32.5% vs. 50%), gentamicin (7.5% vs. 20%), cefoxitin (27.5% vs. 20%), linezolid (30% vs. 40%), and fusidic acid (95% vs. 80%). The proportion of S. aureus isolates that were multidrug resistant (MDR) was 92.5% (37/40) in the SCD group and 100% (10/10) in the control group.

scholarly journals Skin Barrier Function and Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Vestibulum Nasi and Fauces in Healthy Infants and Infants with Eczema: A Population-Based Cohort Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. e0130145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Løvold Berents ◽  
Karin Cecilie Lødrup Carlsen ◽  
Petter Mowinckel ◽  
Håvard Ove Skjerven ◽  
Bente Kvenshagen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Skin Barrier Function ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant and Methicillin-Sensitive Strains of Staphylococcus sciuri in the Indonesian Population

2010 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 5413-5417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Severin ◽  
E. S. Lestari ◽  
K. Kuntaman ◽  
M. Pastink ◽  
S. V. Snijders ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Indonesian Population ◽  
Healthy Persons ◽  
Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome ◽  
Population Based Survey

ABSTRACT Staphylococcus sciuri strains were unexpectedly cultured from healthy persons and patients from Indonesia during a population-based survey on nasal Staphylococcus aureus carriage. Fifty-one S. sciuri isolates were further characterized. The S. aureus mecA gene was detected by PCR in 22 isolates (43.1%), whereas S. sciuri mecA was found in 33 isolates (64.7%). The staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) regions of S. aureus mecA-positive isolates contained elements of classical S. aureus SCCmec types II and/or III.

scholarly journals Follow-Up of Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Carriage after 8 Years: Redefining the Persistent Carrier State

1999 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 3133-3140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjolein F. Q. VandenBergh ◽  
Ed P. F. Yzerman ◽  
Alex van Belkum ◽  
Hélène A. M. Boelens ◽  
Marly Sijmons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Swab ◽  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Carrier State ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Nasal Carrier ◽  
Staff Members ◽  
Persistent Carrier ◽  
Swab Specimen

Studies of Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage have distinguished three carriage patterns: persistent, intermittent, and noncarriage. The criteria used to identify these carriage patterns have been inconsistent. In 1988 the S. aureus nasal carrier index, i.e., the proportion of nasal swab specimen cultures yieldingS. aureus, was determined for 91 staff members of various departments of a large university hospital by obtaining weekly nasal swab specimens for culture over a 12-week period. Thirty-three (36%) persons had carrier indices of 0.80 or higher, 15 (17%) had indices between 0.1 and 0.7, and 43 (47%) had indices of zero. In 1995, 17 individuals with carrier indices of 0.80 or higher in 1988 were available for reexamination. For 12 (71%) of these individuals,S. aureus was again isolated from a single nasal swab, i.e., from each individual with a 1988 carrier index of 1.0 but from only half of those with indices below 1.0. Genotyping (by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis) of all S. aureus strains showed that strains isolated from only three individuals, all with 1988 carrier indices of 1.0, in 1988 and 1995 showed genetic similarity. In conclusion, persistent S. aureus nasal carriage is a unique characteristic of a fraction of the population, and the attribute “persistent” should be confined to those individuals for whom serial nasal swab specimen cultures consistently yield S. aureus.

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