The ovarian follicular wave pattern and induction of ovulation in the mated and non-mated one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius)

The aim of this study was to investigate the oestrous cycle of the Arabian camel. Eight female camels (Majaheem) were used. Daily blood samples were collected for 60 days to measure Oestradiol - 178 (E2) and progesterone (P4) levels using radioimmunoassays. The duration of the follicular wave cycle ranged from 25-30 days and the length of oestrous from 5-7 days. P, levels were low (<3.2 nmol/l) throughout the cycle, while E2 levels were high during oestrous. The corpus luteum was therefore not present during the natural cycle suggesting that Arabian camels experienced induced ovulation.

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Follicular dynamic and repeatability of follicular wave development in Peranakan Ongole (PO) cattle

Jurnal Ilmu Ternak dan Veteriner ◽

10.14334/jitv.v21i1.1349 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 26 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Imron ◽

Iman Supriatna ◽

. Amrozi ◽

Mohamad Agus Setiadi

Keyword(s):

Bos Taurus ◽

Research Result ◽

Bos Indicus ◽

Follicular Development ◽

Wave Pattern ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Follicle Diameter ◽

Wave Patterns ◽

The Difference ◽

Follicular Dynamics

<p class="abstrak2">Superovulation treatment on PO cattle (Bos indicus) was less responsive compared to Bos taurus breed. It might due to the difference of their follicular dynamic. This study was conducted to investigate the follicular dynamics and its repeatability in PO cattle. Follicular dynamics observations conducted on 9 cows trough ultrasound scanning every day. Observations of wave patterns repeatability were performed in 6 cows which its wave pattern already known on the next consecutive IOI. Research result indicated that PO cattle had 3 (66%) and 4-waves (34%) pattern. The first wave of 3 and 4-waves pattern emerged on day -0.4+0.9 and 1.4+1.1 respectively. The second wave of 3 and 4-wave pattern emerged on day 9.8+1.5 and 7.4+1.9 respectively. The pattern of 3 waves has a longer follicle dominant duration (11.6+1.5 day) in the first wave of estrous cycle, compared with 4 waves pattern (10+2.92 and 7+1.00 day respectively). The growth rate of dominant follicle was not different significantly between the 3 and 4-waves pattern (0.87+0.23 and 0.94+0.25 mm/day respectively). Similarly, ovulatory follicle diameter between 3 and 4-waves pattern was also not different significantly (12.24+12.34 and 12.30+12.23 mm respectively). Observation of wave patterns repeatability in 6 PO cows indicated that PO cattle had high repeatability in follicular wave pattern (0.88) and the number of growing follicle was 0.91. This study resulted data for dynamic of follicular development, wave pattern, its repeatability which be expected to design the protocol of superovulation treatment or other reproduction technologies based on follicular dynamic to improve its result in PO cattle.</p><p> </p>

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Induction of ovulation with GnRH or oestradiol benzoate lowers plasma progesterone concentration within the first week of ovulation in non-lactating Holstein cows

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200011601 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 2003 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

B.V.E. Segwagwe ◽

K.L. Macmillan ◽

P.D. Mansell

Keyword(s):

Comparative Study ◽

Corpus Luteum ◽

Holstein Cows ◽

New Wave ◽

Progesterone Concentration ◽

Plasma Progesterone ◽

Induction Of Ovulation ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Oestradiol Benzoate

Oestrous synchronisation involves synchronisation of ovarian follicular turnover, new wave emergence, and finally induction of ovulation which can be achieved with an injection of either GnRH (Pursley et al. 1997)or oestradiol benzoate (ODB) (Day et al. 2000). A comparative study investigating corpus luteum (CL) and follicular emergence after the administration of either GnRH or ODB at pro-oestrus has not been reported. It was hypothesised that the injection of ODB at pro-oestrus would delay emergence of the first post-ovulatory follicular wave, but that CL development and plasma progesterone concentrations would be similar in cows induced to ovulate with either GnRH or ODB.

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The effect of GnRH or oestradiol injected at pro-oestrus on luteal function and follicular dynamics of the subsequent oestrous cycle in non-lactating cycling Holstein cows

Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research ◽

10.4102/ojvr.v73i1.170 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 73 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B.V.E. Segwagwe ◽

K.L. MacMillan ◽

P.D. Mansell

Keyword(s):

Corpus Luteum ◽

Optimum Concentration ◽

New Wave ◽

Luteal Function ◽

Future Studies ◽

Induction Of Ovulation ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Oestradiol Benzoate ◽

Lower Fertility ◽

Follicular Dynamics

Oestrous synchronization involves synchronization of ovarian follicular turnover, new wave emergence, and finally induction of ovulation. The final step can be synchronized by the parenteral administration of either GnRH or oestradiol benzoate. This study investigated corpus luteum and follicular emergence after ovulation had been induced by the administration of either GnRH or oestradiol benzoate. The injection of oestradiol benzoate may have delayed the emergence of the first follicular wave subsequent to the induced ovulation; administration of oestradiol benzoate or GnRH lowered the progesterone rise so that the maximum dioestrous concentration of progesterone on Day 9 was lower when cows were treated during pro-oestrus compared to the spontaneously ovulating controls. One implication of findings from the present study is that induction of ovulation with either oestradiol benzoate or GnRH, administered 24 or 36 h after withdrawal of the CIDR device, respectively, may lower fertility. Future studies must identify the timing of administration relative to the time of CIDR device withdrawal and the optimum concentration of oestradiol benzoate or GnRH that would not have untoward effects on the development of the corpus lutea, particularly within the first week of dioestrus.

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The efficacy of controlled internal drug release (CIDR) in synchronizing the follicular wave in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) during the breeding season

Theriogenology ◽

10.1016/j.theriogenology.2015.08.003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 84 (9) ◽

pp. 1542-1548 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum ◽

Abdullah Nasser Alowaimer

Keyword(s):

Drug Release ◽

Breeding Season ◽

Camelus Dromedarius ◽

Dromedary Camels ◽

Follicular Wave

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223DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERN OF SMALL (1-3mm) ANTRAL FOLLICLES IN THE BOVINE OVARY

Reproduction Fertility and Development ◽

10.1071/rdv16n1ab223 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 233

Author(s):

R.S. Jaiswal ◽

J. Singh ◽

G.P. Adams

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Wave Pattern ◽

Developmental Pattern ◽

Dominant Follicle ◽

Antral Follicles ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Statistical Analysis System ◽

The Future ◽

Bovine Ovary ◽

Analysis System

Knowledge about the developmental pattern of small follicles (<4mm) will be crucial to understanding the endogenous control of folliculogenesis and to developing methods to control it for clinical purposes. This study was designed to characterize the developmental pattern of 1–3mm follicles and to determine, retrospectively, the stage at which the future dominant follicle first attains a size advantage among follicles in the cohort. In Experiment 1, the ovaries of Hereford-cross heifers (n=18) were examined daily by high resolution transrectal ultrasonography for one natural interovulatory interval to evaluate changes in the number of 1–3-mm follicles in relation to the wave pattern of follicles ≥4mm. Interovulatory interval was divided into 2- and 3-wave based on number of waves exhibited by heifers. In Experiment 2, the ovaries of Hereford-cross cows (n=9) were examined every 6h from Day 5 to Day 13 (Day 0=ovulation) to monitor precisely the diameter changes of individual follicles ≥1mm during emergence of the second follicular wave. Data were analyzed by Proc. Mixed procedure for repeated measures (Littell RC et al., 2000 Stat in med 19, 1793–1819) in the Statistical Analysis System software package (SAS version 8.2 for MS Windows;; 2002 SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC, USA). Results of Experiment 1 revealed a day effect (P<0.05) on the number of small (1–3mm) follicles, with a peak (P<0.05) 1 or 2 days before wave emergence (defined as the day the dominant follicle was first detected at 4mm), followed 3 to 4 days later by a peak (P<0.05) in the number of large follicles (≥4mm). There was an inverse relationship between the number of small and large follicles during Wave 1 (r=−0.66; P=0.05) and Wave 2 (r=−0.62; P=0.04) in 2-wave interovulatory intervals. Similarly, an inverse relation was detected between the number of small and large follicles for Wave 1 (r=−0.79; P=0.01) and Wave 3 (r=−0.90; P<0.01) but not for Wave 2 (r=−0.57; P=0.14) in 3-wave interovulatory intervals. The number of 1–3-mm follicles detected in anovulatory waves did not differ (P=0.53) between 2- versus 3-wave interovulatory intervals;; however, a difference (P<0.05) was observed between anovulatory and ovulatory waves in 3-wave interovulatory intervals but not (P=0.63) in 2-wave interovulatory intervals. Experiment 2 permitted the identification of the future dominant follicle at a diameter of 1mm and its emergence at 6–12h earlier than the largest subordinate follicle (P<0.01). Emergence of the future dominant (r=0.71; P=0.05) and 1st subordinate (r=0.78; P=0.02) follicles was temporally associated with a wave-eliciting rise in circulating concentrations of FSH. Growth rate of the dominant and the 1st subordinate follicle differed (P<0.01) from 2nd subordinate follicle at 84h after their detection at 1mm. It was concluded that small antral follicles (1–3mm) develop in a wave-like manner, and apparent selection of the dominant follicle was manifest much earlier than previously documented.

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Estrous Cycle of Induced Ovulators: Lesson From The Camel — A Review

Journal of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences ◽

10.36108/jvbs/8102.10.0221 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 108-125

Author(s):

Y Dauda

Keyword(s):

Estrous Cycle ◽

Ovarian Function ◽

Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Reproductive Technologies ◽

Wave Pattern ◽

Follicular Wave ◽

Calving Intervals ◽

Camel Husbandry ◽

Ovulatory Process

Camel, rabbit, cat, ferrets, minks, koala and meadow moles are induced ovulators requiring copulation to trigger the ovulatory process and the estrous cycle differs from that of other domestic animals. The estrous cycle in these animals composed of follicular recruitment, follicular growth, follicular maturity and follicular regression phase. These animals are variously reared as companion, fur-bearing and meat animals. Among these, the camel is the most valuable and classical induced ovulator which is rear not only for milk and meat, but as work animal and contributes effectively to the welfare of people in harsh and difficult environments. As a classical induced ovulatory, camelid has cycling receptivity with distinctive estrus but requires mating in order to ovulate. The other classes of induced ovulators like cats and ferrets require both the presence of male to achieve behavioral estrus and actual copulation to ovulate. The camel has good prospects of survival as a suitable livestock for projects of sustainable agriculture and animal production under harsh desert or arid conditions. However the reproductive nature of camels presents a huge challenge to camel husbandry. The natural constraints include the long period of attaining puberty, limited breeding season, difficulties in induced ovulation, long gestation period and inter-calving intervals. Efforts to improve the reproductive efficiency of the female camel are closely related to a better understanding of the folliculogenesis or follicular wave pattern. Many investigators might not be aware of the peculiar reproductive information available about this animal species. A working knowledge of ovarian function or estrous cycle will be of immense importance to the application of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) and enhancements of reproduction in camelids. This work presents the overview of estrous cycle in camel as a classical example of induced ovulators with the aim of providing current knowledge to the reader and to stimulate wider research interest in camel research and reproduction.

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