Thyroid function and IVF outcome for different indications of subfertility
Studies evaluating pregnancy outcomes after assisted reproductive treatment (ART) in women with high-normal (2.5-4.5 mIU/L) TSH levels are conflicting, possibly due to different patient charactistics and subfertility indications. The aim of this study was to examine the hypothesis that high-normal compared to low-normal TSH levels are associated with adverse implications for pregnancy outcomes in conventional in vitro fertilization (IVF)-treated women. Therefore we analysed retrospectively the characteristics and pregnancy outcomes of 949 subfertile women with TSH 0.3-4.5 mIU/L, treated with conventional IVF between January 2008 and March 2012. Demographic and baseline characteristics were compared between groups of patients based on TSH quartiles, using one-way Anova, Kruskall-Wallis ANOVA and chi-square test. Women with high-normal quartile TSH were significantly more likely to be primary subfertile (p = 0.01), with a higher prevalence of unexplained subfertility and with 15% fewer live births after IVF compared to lower TSH quartiles (p = 0.02). In secondary subfertile women with high-normal TSH male factor subfertility prevailed (p=0.01), with more live births (p=0.01). When analysing primary and secondary subfertile women as one group, these differences failed to be observed, showing no differences in cumulative pregnancy outcomes of IVF between TSH quartiles (I: 0.3-1.21 mIU/L; II: 1.22-1.68 mIU/L; III: 1.69-2.31 mIU/L; IV: 2.32-4.5 mIU/L). In conclusion, primary subfertile women predominate in the high-normal TSH quartile, associated with significantly fewer live births in a subgroup of primary unexplained subfertile women (9%; n=87/949), while in secondary subfertile women, dominated by male factor subfertility, high-normal TSH is associated with more live births.