Preconception omega-3 fatty acid supplementation of adult male mice with a history of developmental 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin exposure prevents preterm birth in unexposed female partners

We have recently reported that adult male C57BL/6 mice exposed in utero to the environmental toxicant 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) confer an increased risk of preterm birth (PTB) to unexposed females. Risk of PTB was coincident with decreased placental progesterone receptor (Pgr) mRNA expression and increased toll-like receptor 4 (Tlr4) mRNA expression, suggesting that toxicant exposure induced a heightened inflammatory response at the maternal–fetal interface. Since omega-3 fatty acids exhibit anti-inflammatory activity, in this study, we provided TCDD-exposed males a fish oil-enriched diet prior to mating. Although PTB was common in control females mated to TCDD-exposed males on the standard diet, fish oil supplementation of TCDD-exposed males eliminated PTB in unexposed partners. We also determined the influence of preconception, paternal fish oil supplementation on the placental inflammatory response in late pregnancy (E18.5) by examining the expression of Pgr and Tlr4 mRNA as well as the expression of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH). PGDH catabolizes the inflammatory PGE2 to an inactive form; thus, reduced expression of this enzyme would promote tissue inflammation. Compared with control pregnancies, examination of E18.5 placentas arising from TCDD-exposed males on the standard diet revealed a significant increase in Tlr4 mRNA expression corresponding to a reduction in Pgr mRNA and PGDH protein expression. In contrast, fish oil supplementation of toxicant-exposed males led to normalization of placental expression of both Pgr and Tlr4 mRNA and a marked increase in PGDH expression. These studies suggest that a paternal preconception diet that includes omega-3 fatty acids prevents the toxicant-associated increase in the placental inflammatory response at late gestation, preventing PTB.

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Allergic disease in infants up to 2 years of age in relation to plasma omega-3 fatty acids and maternal fish oil supplementation in pregnancy and lactation

Pediatric Allergy and Immunology ◽

10.1111/j.1399-3038.2010.01096.x ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 22 (5) ◽

pp. 505-514 ◽

Cited By ~ 90

Author(s):

Catrin Furuhjelm ◽

Kristina Warstedt ◽

Malin Fagerås ◽

Karin Fälth-Magnusson ◽

Johanna Larsson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Allergic Disease ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Pregnancy And Lactation ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation ◽

In Pregnancy

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PSII-18 The effects of fish oil supplementation on markers of inflammation and skeletal muscle and adipose growth in pigs

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.578 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 314-315

Author(s):

Lillian L Okamoto ◽

Caleb C Reichhardt ◽

Sierra Lopez ◽

Anthony F Alberto ◽

Reganne K Briggs ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Skeletal Muscle ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Muscle Growth ◽

Basal Diet ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Lps Challenge ◽

Markers Of Inflammation ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation

Abstract Omega-3 fatty acids have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects. The objective of this project was to determine the effects of fish oil, a source of omega-3 fatty acids, on genes involved in inflammation and growth of skeletal muscle tissue after an LPS challenge. Male Landrace-New Hampshire weaned piglets (BW 8.21±0.83 kg) were used in a randomized complete block design and assigned to two treatments: 1) basal diet (n=7) and 2) basal diet plus 3% fish oil added (n = 7). Treatments were fed for 35 d. On d 34, an LPS challenge was performed and 24 h later, piglets were euthanized and skeletal muscle samples were collected from the longissimus lumborum and biceps femoris. Total mRNA was isolated and markers of inflammation [cyclophilin (Cyclo), nuclear factor kappa beta subunit-1 (NF-kB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], skeletal muscle growth [paired box transcription factor-7 (Pax7), myogenic factor-5 (Myf5), myoblast determination factor-1 (MyoD), myogenin (MyoG)] and adipose growth (peroxisome proliferator activated receptor (PPARy), leptin, and adiponectin) were analyzed. Cyclophilin abundance was increased (P = 0.03) in fish-oil piglets compared to control piglets. Other markers of inflammation (TNF-α, IL-6, NF-kB) were not affected (P > 0.05) by fish-oil supplementation. Abundance of Myf5 was lower (P = 0.03) in fish oil piglets than control piglets. Other myogenic regulatory factors (Pax7, MyoD, MyoG) were not (P > 0.05) altered by treatment. Abundance of PPARy, leptin or adiponectin was not affected (P > 0.05) by fish-oil supplementation. Muscle location influenced (P < 0.01) abundance of leptin and adiponectin, with abundance being higher in the biceps femoris than in the longissimus lumborum. No other genes analyzed were impacted by muscle location (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that supplementation of omega-3 fatty acids via fish-oil may affect the inflammatory response and skeletal muscle growth. Further research is needed to evaluate the impact of these results on animal production.

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Enrichment of omega-3 fatty acids in suckling pigs by maternal dietary fish oil supplementation

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.2527/1993.7171841x ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 71 (7) ◽

pp. 1841-1847 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Kevin L. Fritsche ◽

Shu-Ca Huang ◽

Nancy A. Cassity

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Dietary Fish ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation

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A review of the biologic and pharmacologic role of docosapentaenoic acid n-3

F1000Research ◽

10.12688/f1000research.2-256.v2 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 ◽

pp. 256 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Puya G Yazdi

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Complex Mixture ◽

Docosapentaenoic Acid ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Positive Role ◽

Physiological Processes ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation

Fish oil contains a complex mixture of omega-3 fatty acids, of which eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) are the three predominant forms. There has been a plethora of previous research on the effects and associations of fish oil supplementation with various clinical manifestations. While the majority of this work was focused on EPA and DHA as the active compounds, emerging research has begun to elucidate the specific role that DPA plays in these physiological processes and its differences with the other omega-3 fatty acids. The purpose of this review is to focus on the new studies undertaken with DPA. This review summarizes the biochemical mechanisms involved in the biosynthesis and metabolism of DPA before focusing on its effects in cardiovascular disease, immune function, and psychiatric and cognitive health. The limited studies point toward a positive role that DPA supplementation can play in these processes and that is separate and distinct from traditional supplementation with DHA and EPA.

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Prenatal fish oil supplementation and early childhood development in the Upstate KIDS Study

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease ◽

10.1017/s2040174417000253 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

pp. 465-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. Vollet ◽

A. Ghassabian ◽

R. Sundaram ◽

N. Chahal ◽

E. H. Yeung

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Problem Solving ◽

Child Development ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Fine Motor ◽

Multiple Time ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Child Neurodevelopment ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation

Fish oil contains omega-3 fatty acids, which play a vital role in fetal growth and development. In utero exposure to omega-3 fatty acids is exclusively dependent on maternal nutrition. Previous studies have suggested that prenatal fish oil supplementation has positive impacts on child neurodevelopment later in life. This study examines the associations between fish oil supplementation both before pregnancy and throughout pregnancy and subsequent child development. Mother–child pairs from the Upstate KIDS Study, a birth cohort consisting of children born between 2008 and 2010, were included. Self-reported prenatal fish oil supplementation data were available for 5845 children (3807 singletons and 2038 twins). At multiple time points, from 4 months to 3 years of age, child development was reported by the parents on the Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ). Five developmental domains were assessed: fine motor, gross motor, communication, personal–social functioning and problem solving. Generalized linear mixed models were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) while adjusting for covariates. Primary analyses showed that the risk of failing the ASQ problem-solving domain was significantly lower among children of women who took fish oil before pregnancy (OR 0.40, 95% confidence intervals (CI) 0.18–0.89) and during pregnancy (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.22–0.83). Gender interaction was not statistically significant, although stratified results indicated stronger associations among girls. Similarly, associations were primarily among singletons. Prenatal fish oil supplementation may be beneficial in regards to neurodevelopment. Specifically, it is associated with a lower risk of failing the problem-solving domain up to 3 years of age.

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Fish Oil Supplementation Does Not Affect Cognitive Outcomes in Cardiac Surgery Patients in the Omega-3 Fatty Acids for Prevention of Post-Operative Atrial Fibrillation (OPERA) Trial

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/nxx002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 148 (3) ◽

pp. 472-479 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James C Jackson ◽

Dariush Mozaffarian ◽

Amy J Graves ◽

Nancy J Brown ◽

Roberto Marchioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Cardiac Surgery ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Cognitive Outcomes ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Post Operative Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation

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The effects of omega-3 fatty acids on neuropsychological functioning and brain morphology in mid-life adults: a randomized clinical trial

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291719002617 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 50 (14) ◽

pp. 2425-2434 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Regina L. Leckie ◽

David E. Lehman ◽

Peter J. Gianaros ◽

Kirk I. Erickson ◽

Susan M. Sereika ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Executive Function ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Brain Morphology ◽

Neuropsychological Performance ◽

Omega 3 Fatty Acids ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Cognitive Domains ◽

Epa And Dha ◽

Fish Oil Supplementation

AbstractBackgroundThe diet of most adults is low in fish and, therefore, provides limited quantities of the long-chain, omega-3 fatty acids (LCn-3FAs), eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids (EPA, DHA). Since these compounds serve important roles in the brain, we sought to determine if healthy adults with low-LCn-3FA consumption would exhibit improvements in neuropsychological performance and parallel changes in brain morphology following repletion through fish oil supplementation.MethodsIn a randomized, controlled trial, 271 mid-life adults (30–54 years of age, 118 men, 153 women) consuming ⩽300 mg/day of LCn-3FAs received 18 weeks of supplementation with fish oil capsules (1400 mg/day of EPA and DHA) or matching placebo. All participants completed a neuropsychological test battery examining four cognitive domains: psychomotor speed, executive function, learning/episodic memory, and fluid intelligence. A subset of 122 underwent neuroimaging before and after supplementation to measure whole-brain and subcortical tissue volumes.ResultsCapsule adherence was over 95%, participant blinding was verified, and red blood cell EPA and DHA levels increased as expected. Supplementation did not affect performance in any of the four cognitive domains. Exploratory analyses revealed that, compared to placebo, fish oil supplementation improved executive function in participants with low-baseline DHA levels. No changes were observed in any indicator of brain morphology.ConclusionsIn healthy mid-life adults reporting low-dietary intake, supplementation with LCn-3FAs in moderate dose for moderate duration did not affect neuropsychological performance or brain morphology. Whether salutary effects occur in individuals with particularly low-DHA exposure requires further study.

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