The investigation of relationships among sprint and jump performance with velocity parameters during propulsive phase of full back squat exercise

Purpose: To provide a joint-level analysis of traditional (TS) and cluster (CS) set structure during the back-squat exercise. Methods: Eight men (24 [3] y, 177.3 [7.9] cm, 82.7 [11.0] kg, 11.9 [3.5] % body fat, and 150.3 [23.0] kg 1-repetition maximum [1RM]) performed the back-squat exercise (80%1RM) using TS (4 × 6, 2-min interset rest) and CS (4 × [2 × 3], 30-s intraset rest, 90-s interset rest), randomly. Lower-limb kinematics were collected by motion capture, as well as kinetic data by bilateral force platforms. Results: CS attenuated the loss in mean power (TS −21.6% [3.9%]; CS −12.4% [7.5%]; P = .042), although no differences in gross movement pattern (sagittal-plane joint angles) within and between conditions were observed (P ≥ .05). However, joint power produced at the hip increased from repetition (REP) 1 through REP 6 during TS, while a decrease was noted at the knee. A similar pattern was observed in the CS condition but was limited to the hip. Joint power produced at the hip increased from REP 1 through REP 3 but returned to REP 1 values before a similar increase through REP 6, resulting in differences between conditions (REP 4, P = .018; REP 5, P = .022). Conclusions: Sagittal-plane joint angles did not change in either condition, although CS elicited greater power. Differing joint power contributions (hip and knee) suggest potential central mechanism that may contribute to enhanced power output during CS and warrant further study. Practitioners should consider incorporating CS into training to promote greater power adaptations and to mitigate fatigue.

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Effects of front and back squat techniques on patellofemoral joint kinetics in males

Journal of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics ◽

10.5430/jbei.v2n1p76 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 76 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J Sinclair ◽

S Atkins ◽

N Kudiersky ◽

PJ Taylor ◽

H Vincent

Keyword(s):

Patellofemoral Joint ◽

Pain Syndrome ◽

Current Investigation ◽

Strength And Conditioning ◽

Joint Kinetics ◽

Associated Injury ◽

Back Squat ◽

Squat Exercise ◽

Experienced Male ◽

Joint Load

Purpose: The barbell squat is fundamental in strength and conditioning, with two principal variants; the back and front squat. Unfortunately, the propensity for injury is high particularly at the knee. The aim of the current investigation was examine the influence of front and back squat variations on patellofemoral joint load. Methods: Patellofemoral loads were obtained from thirty-five experienced male participants, who completed both back and front squats at 70% of 1 RM. Differences between squat conditions were examined using Bonferroni adjusted (P = .008) paired t-tests. Results: The results showed that significant differences (P < .008) in patellofemoral load were identified between both conditions with the highest load being experienced during the back squat exercise. Conclusions: Given the proposed relationship between the magnitude of the load experienced by the patellofemoral joint and associated injury pathology, the back squat appears to place lifters at greater risk from injury. Therefore, it may be prudent therefore for lifters who are predisposed to patellofemoral pain syndrome to utilize the front squat in their training.

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Effect of Support Surface Quality for the Squat Exercise on Vertical Jump Performance

Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development ◽

10.37506/ijphrd.v12i3.16068 ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Surface Quality ◽

Vertical Jump ◽

Support Surface ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Squat Exercise ◽

Effect Of Support

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A Study Of The Resistive Forces Provided By Elastic Supplemental Band Resistance During The Back Squat Exercise: A Case Report

The Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research ◽

10.1097/01.jsc.0000367183.94397.56 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 24 ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kurt Neelly ◽

Sean A Carter ◽

Joe G Terry

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Back Squat ◽

Squat Exercise ◽

Resistive Forces

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Effects of Individualized Versus Traditional Power Training on Strength, Power, Jump Performances, and Body Composition in Young Male Nordic Athletes

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance ◽

10.1123/ijspp.2021-0074 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Olaf Prieske ◽

Helmi Chaabene ◽

Niclas Kullmann ◽

Urs Granacher

Keyword(s):

Body Composition ◽

Muscle Strength ◽

Young Male ◽

Drop Jump ◽

Power Training ◽

Strength Index ◽

Jump Performance ◽

Back Squat ◽

Main Effects ◽

Regular Training

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of individualized-load power training (IPT) versus traditional moderate-load power training (TPT) on strength, power, jump performance, and body composition in elite young Nordic athletes. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 10 young male athletes (ski jumpers, Nordic combined athletes) age 17.5 (0.6) years (biological maturity status: +3.5 y postpeak height velocity) who competed on a national or international level performed 5 weeks of IPT (4 × 5 repetitions at 49%–72% 1-repetiton maximum [RM]) and TPT (5 × 5 repetitions at 50%–60% 1-RM) in addition to their regular training. Testing before, between, and after both training blocks comprised the assessment of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM), power (maximal loaded back squat power), jump performance (eg, drop-jump height, reactive strength index), and body composition (eg, skeletal muscle mass). Results: Significant, large-size main effects for time were found for muscle strength (P < .01; g = 2.7), reactive strength index (P = .03; g = 1.6), and drop-jump height (P = .02; g = 1.9) irrespective of the training condition (IPT, TPT). No significant time-by-condition interactions were observed. For measures of body composition, no significant main effects of condition and time or time-by-condition interactions were found. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that short-term IPT and TPT at moderate loads in addition to regular training were equally effective in improving measures of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM) and vertical-jump performance (reactive strength index, drop jump, and height) in young Nordic athletes.

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Estimation of Relative Load From Bar Velocity in the Full Back Squat Exercise

Sports Medicine International Open ◽

10.1055/s-0043-102933 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 01 (02) ◽

pp. E80-E88 ◽

Cited By ~ 49

Author(s):

Luis Sánchez-Medina ◽

Jesús Pallarés ◽

Carlos Pérez ◽

Ricardo Morán-Navarro ◽

Juan González-Badillo

Keyword(s):

Relative Strength ◽

Loading Test ◽

Mean Velocity ◽

Relative Load ◽

Back Squat ◽

Training Approach ◽

Velocity Relationship ◽

Squat Exercise ◽

Close Relationship ◽

Bar Velocity

AbstractThe use of bar velocity to estimate relative load in the back squat exercise was examined. 80 strength-trained men performed a progressive loading test to determine their one-repetition maximum (1RM) and load-velocity relationship. Mean (MV), mean propulsive (MPV) and peak (PV) velocity measures of the concentric phase were analyzed. Both MV and MPV showed a very close relationship to %1RM (R2=0.96), whereas a weaker association (R2=0.79) and larger SEE (0.14 vs. 0.06 m·s−1) were found for PV. Prediction equations to estimate load from velocity were obtained. When dividing the sample into 3 groups of different relative strength (1RM/body mass), no differences were found between groups for the MPV attained against each %1RM. MV attained with the 1RM was 0.32±0.03 m·s−1. The propulsive phase accounted for ~82% of concentric duration at 40% 1RM, and progressively increased until reaching 100% at 1RM. Provided that repetitions are performed at maximal intended velocity, a good estimation of load (%1RM) can be obtained from mean velocity as soon as the first repetition is completed. This finding provides an alternative to the often demanding, time-consuming and interfering 1RM or nRM tests and allows implementing a velocity-based resistance training approach.

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