Effects of Individualized Versus Traditional Power Training on Strength, Power, Jump Performances, and Body Composition in Young Male Nordic Athletes

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Olaf Prieske ◽  
Helmi Chaabene ◽  
Niclas Kullmann ◽  
Urs Granacher
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Main Effects ◽  
Regular Training

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the effects of individualized-load power training (IPT) versus traditional moderate-load power training (TPT) on strength, power, jump performance, and body composition in elite young Nordic athletes. Methods: In a randomized crossover design, 10 young male athletes (ski jumpers, Nordic combined athletes) age 17.5 (0.6) years (biological maturity status: +3.5 y postpeak height velocity) who competed on a national or international level performed 5 weeks of IPT (4 × 5 repetitions at 49%–72% 1-repetiton maximum [RM]) and TPT (5 × 5 repetitions at 50%–60% 1-RM) in addition to their regular training. Testing before, between, and after both training blocks comprised the assessment of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM), power (maximal loaded back squat power), jump performance (eg, drop-jump height, reactive strength index), and body composition (eg, skeletal muscle mass). Results: Significant, large-size main effects for time were found for muscle strength (P < .01; g = 2.7), reactive strength index (P = .03; g = 1.6), and drop-jump height (P = .02; g = 1.9) irrespective of the training condition (IPT, TPT). No significant time-by-condition interactions were observed. For measures of body composition, no significant main effects of condition and time or time-by-condition interactions were found. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that short-term IPT and TPT at moderate loads in addition to regular training were equally effective in improving measures of muscle strength (loaded back squat 3-RM) and vertical-jump performance (reactive strength index, drop jump, and height) in young Nordic athletes.

On- Versus Off-Bike Power Training in Professional Cyclists: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Jaime Gil-Cabrera ◽  
Eduardo Talavera ◽  
Lidia B. Alejo ◽  
Almudena Montalvo-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Sprint Training

Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of resistance power training (RPT, training with the individualized load and repetitions that maximize power output) and cycling power training (CPT, short sprint training) in professional cyclists. Methods: The participants (20 [2] y, peak oxygen uptake 78.0 [4.4] mL·kg−1·min−1) were randomly assigned to perform CPT (n = 8) or RPT (n = 10) in addition to their usual training regime for 7 weeks (2 sessions/wk). The training loads were continuously registered using the session rating of perceived exertion. The outcomes included endurance performance (8-min time trial and incremental test), as well as measures of muscle strength/power (1-repetition maximum and mean maximum propulsive power on the squat, hip thrust, and lunge exercises) and body composition (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry). Results: No between-group differences were found for training loads or for any outcome (P > .05). Both interventions resulted in increased time-trial performance, as well as in improvements in other endurance-related outcomes (ie, ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point; P < .05). A significant or quasi-significant increase (P = .068 and .047 for CPT and RPT, respectively) in bone mineral content was observed after both interventions. A significant reduction in fat mass (P = .017), along with a trend (P = .059) toward a reduced body mass, was observed after RPT, but not CPT (P = .076 for the group × time interaction effect). Significant benefits (P < .05) were also observed for most strength-related outcomes after RPT, but not CPT. Conclusion: CPT and RPT are both effective strategies for the improvement of endurance performance and bone health in professional cyclists, although the latter tends to result in greater improvements in body composition and muscle strength/power.

scholarly journals Effects of Supplementary Strength–Power Training on Neuromuscular Performance in Young Female Athletes

Sports ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 104
Author(s):  
Konstantina Karagianni ◽  
Olyvia Donti ◽  
Christos Katsikas ◽  
Gregory C. Bogdanis
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Neuromuscular Performance ◽  
Specific Performance ◽  
Before And After

This study examined the effects of a short-duration supplementary strength–power training program on neuromuscular performance and sport-specific skills in adolescent athletes. Twenty-three female “Gymnastics for All” athletes, aged 13 ± 2 years, were divided into a training group (TG, n = 12) and a control group (CG, n = 11). Both groups underwent a test battery before and after 10 weeks of intervention. TG completed, in addition to gymnastics training, a supplementary 7–9 min program that included two rounds of strength and power exercises for arms, torso, and legs, executed in a circuit fashion with 1 min rest between rounds, three times per week. Initially, six exercises were performed (15 s work–15 s rest), while the number of exercises was decreased to four and the duration of each exercise was increased to 30 s (30 s rest) after the fifth week. TG improved countermovement jump performance with one leg (11.5% ± 10.4%, p = 0.002) and two legs (8.2% ± 8.8%, p = 0.004), drop jump performance (14.4% ± 12.6%, p = 0.038), single-leg jumping agility (13.6% ± 5.2%, p = 0.001), and sport-specific performance (8.8% ± 7.4%, p = 0.004), but not 10 m sprint performance (2.4% ± 6.6%, p = 0.709). No change was observed in the CG (p = 0.41 to 0.97). The results of this study indicated that this supplementary strength–power program performed for 7–9 min improves neuromuscular and sport-specific performance after 10 weeks of training.

Development of muscle strength in relation to training level and testosterone in young male soccer players

1999 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 1141-1147 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hansen ◽  
J. Bangsbo ◽  
J. Twisk ◽  
K. Klausen
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Serum Testosterone ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Factor I

Isometric and functional strength of ninety-eight 11-yr-old male soccer players at an elite (E) and nonelite (NE) level were determined (3–4 times) through a 2-yr period, and the changes were related to growth and maturation. The initial isometric strength for extension with dominant leg [1,502 ± 35 (E) vs. 1,309 ± 39 (NE) N], extension with nondominant leg (1,438 ± 37 vs. 1,267 ± 45 N), extension with both legs (2,113 ± 76 vs. 1,915 ± 72 N), back muscles (487 ± 11 vs. 414 ± 10 N), abdominal muscles (320 ± 9 vs. 294 ± 8 N), and handgrip (304 ± 10 vs. 259 ± 8 N) increased by 15–40% during the period. Broad jump increased ( P < 0.05) by 15 (E) and 10% (NE). The E players had higher ( P< 0.05) initial isometric strength and broad jump performance compared with NE players, and differences were maintained throughout the period (multiple ANOVA for repeated measures) also when adjustment was made for age, dimensions, testosterone, and insulin-like growth factor I (generalized estimating equations analyses). The development of strength for both E and NE players together was significantly ( P < 0.001) related to changes in serum testosterone concentrations. The present data indicate that testosterone is important for development of strength in young boys and that, independent of serum testosterone concentration, E players have developed greater muscle strength compared with NE players.

scholarly journals PROFESSIONAL MARTIAL ARTISTS’ KINEMATIC AND KINETIC CHANGES IN VERTICAL JUMP PERFORMANCE AND BODY COMPOSITION BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19 LOCKDOWN

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Tan ◽  
Matthew P. Gonzalez ◽  
Martin Dietze-Hermosa ◽  
SEE Min ◽  
Sandor Dorgo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vertical Jump ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Vertical Jump Height ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Hoc

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused mandatory lockdowns leading to disruptions in sports training programs. This study aimed to determine the effects of a 16-week COVID-19 lockdown on body composition as well as kinetic and kinematic parameters of the countermovement jump (CMJ) for professional martial artists. Thirteen (n=13) professional martial artists participated in this retrospective cohort study. Subjects were tested on the CMJ at four timepoints: 1) pre-lockdown (pre), 2) immediately post-lockdown (post), 3) two weeks post-lockdown (post+2), and 4) four weeks post-lockdown (post+4). Body composition was measured via bioelectrical impedance and jump data were collected using a force platform sampling at 1,000 Hz. Individual repeated-measures ANOVAs were conducted with pairwise post-hoc analyzes. Differences were observed in vertical jump height (VJH) of 10.33%, peak velocity (PV) of 3.10%, reactive strength index modified (RSImod) of 13.8%, and peak propulsive power (PPP) of 6.00% (p&lt;0.05). There as an increase from post to post+2 of 13.06% in VJ, 4.12% for PV, 14.0% for RSImod, and PPP of 4.66%. There was an increase from post to post+2 of 10.8% in VJH, 3.1% for PV, 14.0% for RSImod, and PPP of 3.0%. Fat mass (FM) and BF% increased from pre to post by 13% and 11%, respectively, and decreased 8% and 11% from post to post+4 respectively (p&lt;0.05). In contrast, there was an decrease in fat-free mass (FFM) from pre to post of 11% and a decrease of 8% from post to post+4. There were moderate associations between FFM and VJH (rmc=0.47), FMM and PPP (rmc=0.47), FFM and PV (rmc=0.47), BF% and PV (rmc=-0.42), and FM and PV (rmc=0.42). While the lockdown resulted in a significant decrease in CMJ performance and increases in BF and FM, subjects’ performance returned to pre-lockdown levels after only 2-4 weeks of post-lockdown training by decreasing BF, FM, and increasing FFM.

scholarly journals Neuromuscular and Bounce Drop-Jump Responses to Different Inter-Repetition Rest Intervals during A Composite Training Session in Hurling Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Paul J Byrne ◽  
Jeremy Moody ◽  
Stephen-Mark Cooper ◽  
Sharon Kinsella
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Sprint Performance ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Rest Interval ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Interval Group ◽  
Back Squat

The purposes of this study were to a) compare a 4-min to an 8-min rest interval between composite training (jump-sprint combination) repetitions in a single session to allow for the recovery of neuromuscular and bounce drop-jump (BDJ) performance and b) investigate if super compensation would occur after 168hrs of rest. Twelve players were randomly assigned to either a 4-min or an 8-min rest interval group. Participants first completed a BDJ test to identify individual BDJ drop heights followed by a 20m sprint test. Seventy-two hours later, a composite training session of two repetitions (three BDJs followed by a 20m sprint after a 15s rest) with either a 4-min or an 8-min rest interval was performed. A three repetition maximum (3RM) back squat strength test, a BDJ, countermovement jump (CMJ) and a sprint performance test were completed 10-mins pre- and immediately post-session, and 168 hrs post-session. CMJ force (8-min group) and BDJ (height and reactive strength index (RSI)) measures decreased significantly post-session (4-min and 8-min groups; P ≤ 0.05). Pre-session to 168 hrs post-session, relative 3RM back squat strength and 20m sprint performance increased significantly for the 4-min group only (P ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, a 4-min composite training inter-repetition rest interval leads to a significant decline in BDJ measures (RSI and jump height) which may act as fatigue markers for monitoring. However, 4-mins provides sufficient recovery during the session which, in conjunction with 168 hrs of recovery, causes super compensation in neuromuscular performance in hurling players.

scholarly journals Effects of Two Contrast Training Programs on Jump Performance in Rugby Union Players During a Competition Phase

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christos K. Argus ◽  
Nicholas D. Gill ◽  
Justin W.L. Keogh ◽  
Michael R. McGuigan ◽  
Will G. Hopkins
Keyword(s):  
Training Programs ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Rugby Union ◽  
Power Training ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Countermovement Jump ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Squat Jump ◽  
Volume Load ◽  
High Level

Purpose:There is little literature comparing contrast training programs typically performed by team-sport athletes within a competitive phase. We compared the effects of two contrast training programs on a range of measures in high-level rugby union players during the competition season.Methods:The programs consisted of a higher volume-load (strength-power) or lower volume-load (speed-power) resistance training; each included a tapering of loading (higher force early in the week, higher velocity later in the week) and was performed twice a week for 4 wk. Eighteen players were assessed for peak power during a bodyweight countermovement jump (BWCMJ), bodyweight squat jump (BWSJ), 50 kg countermovement jump (50CMJ), 50 kg squat jump (50SJ), broad jump (BJ), and reactive strength index (RSI; jump height divided by contact time during a depth jump). Players were then randomized to either training group and were reassessed following the intervention. Inferences were based on uncertainty in outcomes relative to thresholds for standardized changes.Results:There were small between-group differences in favor of strength-power training for mean changes in the 50CMJ (8%; 90% confidence limits, ±8%), 50SJ (8%; ±10%), and BJ (2%; ±3%). Differences between groups for BWCMJ, BWSJ, and reactive strength index were unclear. For most measures there were smaller individual differences in changes with strength-power training.Conclusion:Our findings suggest that high-level rugby union athletes should be exposed to higher volume-load contrast training which includes one heavy lifting session each week for larger and more uniform adaptation to occur in explosive power throughout a competitive phase of the season.

scholarly journals A Proposed Method for Evaluating Drop Jump Performance with One Force Platform

Biomechanics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-189
Author(s):  
John J. McMahon ◽  
Jason P. Lake ◽  
Callum Stratford ◽  
Paul Comfort
Keyword(s):  
Young Male ◽  
Criterion Validity ◽  
Force Platform ◽  
Drop Height ◽  
Drop Jump ◽  
Force Analysis ◽  
Analysis Software ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Performance Variables ◽  
The Mean

The drop jump (DJ) is commonly utilised to assess athletes. The criterion two force platform (2FP) method of assessing DJ performance involves two adjacent force platforms, one for the box and one for the athlete to rebound from. Most researchers and practitioners only have access to one force platform (1FP) and they rarely account for the often considerable discrepancy between box height and drop height (DH). Therefore, this study aimed to determine the criterion validity of evaluating DJ performance with 1FP. Twenty-six young male sports students performed three DJs, from a 0.30 m and 0.40 m high box, on two adjacent force platforms. The DH, touchdown velocity and several performance variables were calculated using the 2FP and 1FP methods. Ordinary least-products regression identified no fixed or proportional bias between methods for any DJ variable. The mean DH was 10% lower than the 0.30 m box and 14% lower than the 0.40 m high box. This discrepancy highlights the importance of accounting for DH when conducting DJ assessments. In conclusion, the 1FP method of evaluating DJ performance is a valid alternative to the criterion 2FP method and could be embedded into automated force analysis software for researchers and practitioners to utilise.

Can the sedentary behavior of young male basketball and volleyball players impact the bone mass and bone geometry?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio Etchebehere ◽  
Raiany Rosa Bergamo ◽  
Humberto Moreira Carvalho ◽  
Anderson Marques de Moraes ◽  
Gil Guerra-Junior
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Uncertainty Estimates ◽  
Volleyball Players

Abstract Background: Sedentary behavior is considered a health risk independent of physical activity. We evaluated the relationship between sedentary behavior, bone mass, and bone geometry among young male basketball and volleyball players.Methods: Fifty-five athletes (basketball n=21; volleyball n=34) aged 14 to 17 years old were included. Body composition and bone mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, comprising bone mineral density, bone mineral content at the lumbar spine (L1-L4), and femoral neck. Bone quality was evaluated by bone geometry considering the femur strength index, section modulus, cross-sectional moment of inertia, and cross-sectional area. Information on all foods and beverages were obtained by a nutritionist through a 24-hour food recall and a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The sedentary behavior was assessed using the Adolescent Sedentary Activity Questionnaire. A series of multilevel linear regression models were fitted to explore whether there was variation for players' body composition, bone parameters, diary nutrient intake and sedentary behavior by sport. All models were fitted using Bayesian methods.Results: Body composition and bone mass values were high for both basketball and volleyball players. However, there was no substantial variation between players by sport for body composition. Adjusting for age, there was no association of sedentary behavior on both bone mass and geometry among the athletes. Except for femoral strength index, age had a substantial moderate to large association with all bone mass and geometry indicators. Lastly, there was no substantial influence of sport (level-2 unit) on the estimates of the association between sedentary behavior and age with bone mass and geometry, as uncertainty estimates for group-level effects were high. Conclusions: In conclusion, there is no association between sedentary behaviour and bone mass and bone geometry, showing that accumulated training loads (15+ h/week) among young basketball and volleyball players are critical; they produce a positive stimulus on bone mass and bone geometry development.

scholarly journals Betaine Supplementation Does not Improve Muscle Hypertrophy or Strength Following 6 Weeks of Cross-Fit Training

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
Francesca Badiali ◽  
Iader Fabbri ◽  
Antonio Paoli
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Betaine Supplementation

We aim to investigate the effect of 6 weeks of betaine supplementation on body composition and muscle performance during CrossFit© training. Twenty-nine subjects matched for training status (4.16 ± 0.95 day/week) and body fat mass (12.66 ± 4.08%) were randomly assigned to a betaine (BET; N = 14) or placebo group (PLA; N = 15). Body composition and cellular hydration were estimated with skinfolds measurement and bioelectrical impendence before and after 6 weeks of training. Muscle performance was assessed using three different tests: 3-RM back-squat for muscle strength, 2 km rowing test for aerobic capacity and Bergeron Beep Test for anaerobic capacity. Muscle strength assessed during back squat significantly increased in BET (p = 0.04) but not in the PLA group, however, there were no statistical differences between groups. Although not significant, fat mass was reduced in BET compared to PLA. Overall, body composition and cell hydration measurements did not change in response to training or betaine supplementation. Short-term (6 weeks) betaine supplementation supports muscle strength but was not ergogenic for trained subjects to aerobic and anaerobic performance in the CrossFit©-specific test.

scholarly journals Muscular Strength of Upper and Lower Limbs and Self-Esteem in Chilean SchoolChildren: Independent Associations with Body Composition Indicators

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 361
Author(s):  
Cristian Cofre Bolados ◽  
Gerson Ferrari ◽  
Mónica Suárez-Reyes ◽  
Daiana Quintiliano Scarpelli Dourado ◽  
Helen Diaz-Peña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Muscular Strength ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Lower Strength ◽  
Jump Performance ◽  
Lower Limb Strength ◽  
Long Jump ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between muscular strength from upper and lower limbs with self-esteem among Chilean schoolchildren, drawing independent associations with body composition indicators. The sample consisted of 1078 schoolchildren. The muscular strength of the upper and lower limbs was evaluated using a digital dynamometer and long jump performance. The general strength index was calculated based on Z-score values. Rosenberg’s test was used to determine the level of self-esteem of participants. Body fat and body mass index were employed as body composition indicators. Boys had significantly more upper and lower strength, and a general strength index higher than girls (11.7 vs. 10.6; 109.7 vs. 97.4; 0.19 vs. −0.24, respectively). For boys and girls combined, there were no significant associations between all muscular strength variables and self-esteem. In boys, upper and lower limb strength was positively associated with self-esteem. In girls, no association between muscular strength and self-esteem was found. In both sexes, the general strength index was not associated with self-esteem. Strategies and programs that promote mental health and muscular strength among schoolchildren, specifically in boys, are needed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document