The effects of a high-intensity free-weight back-squat exercise protocol on postural stability in resistance-trained males

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Thiele ◽  
E.C. Conchola ◽  
T.B. Palmer ◽  
J.M. DeFreitas ◽  
B.J. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Postural Stability ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Squat Exercise

Reliability and concurrent validity of the Velowin optoelectronic system to measure movement velocity during the free-weight back squat

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 737-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amador García-Ramos ◽  
Alejandro Pérez-Castilla ◽  
Fernando Martín
Keyword(s):  
Concurrent Validity ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Optoelectronic System ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Movement Velocity ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Squat Exercise

The objective of this study was to explore the reliability and concurrent validity of the Velowin optoelectronic system to measure movement velocity during the free-weight back squat exercise. Thirty-one men (age = 27.5 ± 3.2 years; body height = 1.76 ± 0.15 m; body mass: 78.3 ± 7.6 kg) were evaluated in a single session against five different loads (20, 40, 50, 60 and 70 kg) and three velocity variables (mean velocity, mean propulsive velocity and maximum velocity) were recorded simultaneously by a linear velocity transducer (T-Force; gold-standard) and a camera-based optoelectronic system (Velowin). The main findings revealed that (1) the three velocity variables were determined with a high and comparable reliability by both the T-Force and Velowin systems (median coefficient of variation of the five loads: T-Force: mean velocity = 4.25%, mean propulsive velocity = 4.49% and maximum velocity = 3.45%; Velowin: mean velocity = 4.29%, mean propulsive velocity = 4.60% and maximum velocity = 4.44%), (2) the maximum velocity was the most reliable variable when obtained by the T-force ( p < 0.05), but no significant differences in the reliability of the variables were observed for the Velowin ( p > 0.05) and (3) high correlations were observed for the values of mean velocity ( r = 0.976), mean propulsive velocity ( r = 0.965) and maximum velocity ( r = 0.977) between the T-Force and Velowin systems. Collectively, these results support the Velowin as a reliable and valid system for the measurement of movement velocity during the free-weight back squat exercise.

Acute Effects of Elastic Bands During the Free-weight Barbell Back Squat Exercise on Velocity, Power, and Force Production

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (11) ◽  
pp. 2944-2954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark W Stevenson ◽  
Joseph M Warpeha ◽  
Cal C Dietz ◽  
Russell M Giveans ◽  
Arthur G Erdman
Keyword(s):  
Force Production ◽  
Acute Effects ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Elastic Bands

Comparison of the two most commonly used gold-standard velocity monitoring devices (GymAware and T-Force) to assess lifting velocity during the free-weight barbell back squat exercise

2021 ◽  
pp. 175433712110296
Author(s):  
Danica Janicijevic ◽  
Amador García-Ramos ◽  
Juan Luis Lamas-Cepero ◽  
Felipe García-Pinillos ◽  
Aitor Marcos-Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Bias ◽  
Maximal Velocity ◽  
Force Coefficient ◽  
Mean Velocity ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
The Right ◽  
Monitoring Devices ◽  
Overall Reliability

This study aimed to compare the reliability and agreement of mean velocity (MV) and maximal velocity (Vmax) between the two velocity monitoring devices (GymAware vs T-Force) most commonly used in the scientific literature. Twenty resistance-trained males completed two testing sessions. The free-weight barbell back squat one-repetition maximum (1RM) was determined in the first session (125.0 ± 24.2 kg; mean ± standard deviation). The second session consisted of two blocks of 16 repetitions (six repetitions at 45% 1RM and 65% 1RM, and four repetitions at 85% 1RM). Half of the repetitions were performed with the GymAware on the left side of the barbell and the other half of the repetitions were performed on the right side of the barbell (opposite placement for the T-Force). MV and Vmax were recorded simultaneously with the GymAware and T-Force. The overall reliability, which was calculated pooling together the data of three loads, did not differ between the T-Force (coefficient of variation (CV) = 5.28 ± 1.79%) and GymAware (CV = 5.79 ± 2.26%) (CVratio = 1.10), but the reliability was higher for Vmax (CV = 5.08 ± 1.79%) compared to MV (CV = 5.98 ± 2.73%) (CVratio = 1.18). MV was significantly higher for the T-Force ( p < 0.001, Δ = 4.42%), but no significant differences were detected between the devices for Vmax ( p = 0.455, Δ = 0.22%). These results support the use of both the GymAware and T-Force as gold-standards in studies designed to validate other velocity monitoring devices. However, systematic bias, albeit rather constant, exists for the magnitude of MV between the two devices.

scholarly journals Vision Based System for “Free-Weight Back Squat” Angle Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (7) ◽  
pp. 162-165
Author(s):  
Tharindu Dananjana Silva ◽  
B.G.D.A. Madhusanka ◽  
H.D.N.S. Priyankara
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Side View ◽  
Technical Errors ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Free Weight ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Correct Technique ◽  
Ultimate Purpose

This project is focused on analyzes squat performing video through image processing by considering key points taken from front and side view. There are conditions to check the performance of squat correct or not. If the Squat is correct, three angles are analyzed reference to five positions. The OpenCV is used to identify the five positions. Also, the Vector function is used to determine the reference angles by using the Cosine rule. These angles are calculated at the knee, waist, and ankle. All these angles are calculated on the free-weight back squat exercise. The ultimate purpose of this project is to minimize injuries that occur due to technical errors because most of the armature players get injured due to the difficulty in posing of correct technique. The mobile application is developed to identify user mistakes and can get instructions.

Joint-Level Analyses of the Back Squat With and Without Intraset Rest

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason D. Stone ◽  
Adam C. King ◽  
Shiho Goto ◽  
John D. Mata ◽  
Joseph Hannon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sagittal Plane ◽  
Movement Pattern ◽  
Joint Angles ◽  
Mean Power ◽  
Joint Power ◽  
Joint Level ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Limb Kinematics ◽  
Plane Joint

Purpose: To provide a joint-level analysis of traditional (TS) and cluster (CS) set structure during the back-squat exercise. Methods: Eight men (24 [3] y, 177.3 [7.9] cm, 82.7 [11.0] kg, 11.9 [3.5] % body fat, and 150.3 [23.0] kg 1-repetition maximum [1RM]) performed the back-squat exercise (80%1RM) using TS (4 × 6, 2-min interset rest) and CS (4 × [2 × 3], 30-s intraset rest, 90-s interset rest), randomly. Lower-limb kinematics were collected by motion capture, as well as kinetic data by bilateral force platforms. Results: CS attenuated the loss in mean power (TS −21.6% [3.9%]; CS −12.4% [7.5%]; P = .042), although no differences in gross movement pattern (sagittal-plane joint angles) within and between conditions were observed (P ≥ .05). However, joint power produced at the hip increased from repetition (REP) 1 through REP 6 during TS, while a decrease was noted at the knee. A similar pattern was observed in the CS condition but was limited to the hip. Joint power produced at the hip increased from REP 1 through REP 3 but returned to REP 1 values before a similar increase through REP 6, resulting in differences between conditions (REP 4, P = .018; REP 5, P = .022). Conclusions: Sagittal-plane joint angles did not change in either condition, although CS elicited greater power. Differing joint power contributions (hip and knee) suggest potential central mechanism that may contribute to enhanced power output during CS and warrant further study. Practitioners should consider incorporating CS into training to promote greater power adaptations and to mitigate fatigue.

scholarly journals Effects of front and back squat techniques on patellofemoral joint kinetics in males

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 76 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Sinclair ◽  
S Atkins ◽  
N Kudiersky ◽  
PJ Taylor ◽  
H Vincent
Keyword(s):  
Patellofemoral Joint ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Strength And Conditioning ◽  
Joint Kinetics ◽  
Associated Injury ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Squat Exercise ◽  
Experienced Male ◽  
Joint Load

Purpose: The barbell squat is fundamental in strength and conditioning, with two principal variants; the back and front squat. Unfortunately, the propensity for injury is high particularly at the knee. The aim of the current investigation was examine the influence of front and back squat variations on patellofemoral joint load. Methods: Patellofemoral loads were obtained from thirty-five experienced male participants, who completed both back and front squats at 70% of 1 RM. Differences between squat conditions were examined using Bonferroni adjusted (P = .008) paired t-tests. Results: The results showed that significant differences (P < .008) in patellofemoral load were identified between both conditions with the highest load being experienced during the back squat exercise. Conclusions: Given the proposed relationship between the magnitude of the load experienced by the patellofemoral joint and associated injury pathology, the back squat appears to place lifters at greater risk from injury. Therefore, it may be prudent therefore for lifters who are predisposed to patellofemoral pain syndrome to utilize the front squat in their training.

scholarly journals A Short Bout of High-intensity Exercise Alters Ipsilesional Motor Cortical Excitability Post-stroke

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Li ◽  
Charalambos C. Charalambous ◽  
Darcy S. Reisman ◽  
Susanne M. Morton
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Evoked Potentials ◽  
High Intensity Exercise ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Motor Cortical Excitability ◽  
Motor Cortical ◽  
Lactate Levels

AbstractBackgroundAcute exercise can increase motor cortical excitability and enhance motor learning in healthy individuals, an effect known as exercise priming. Whether it has the same effects in people with stroke is unclear.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to investigate whether a short, clinically-feasible high-intensity exercise protocol can increase motor cortical excitability in non-exercised muscles of chronic stroke survivors.MethodsThirteen participants with chronic, unilateral stroke participated in two sessions, at least one week apart, in a crossover design. In each session, they underwent either high-intensity lower extremity exercise or quiet rest. Motor cortical excitability of the extensor carpi radialis muscles was measured bilaterally with transcranial magnetic stimulation before and immediately after either exercise or rest. Motor cortical excitability changes (post-exercise or rest measures normalized to pre-test measures) were compared between exercise vs. rest conditions.ResultsAll participants were able to reach the target high-intensity exercise level. Blood lactate levels increased significantly after exercise (p < 0.001, d = 2.85). Resting motor evoked potentials from the lesioned hemisphere increased after exercise compared to the rest condition (p = 0.046, d = 2.76), but this was not the case for the non-lesioned hemisphere (p = 0.406, d = 0.25).ConclusionsHigh-intensity exercise can increase lesioned hemisphere motor cortical excitability in a non-exercised muscle post-stroke. Our short and clinically-feasible exercise protocol shows promise as a potential priming method in stroke rehabilitation.

The Effects of Compression Garments on Intermittent Exercise Performance and Recovery on Consecutive Days

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 454-468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rob Duffield ◽  
Johann Edge ◽  
Robert Merrells ◽  
Emma Hawke ◽  
Matt Barnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Exercise Performance ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Team Sport ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Compression Garments

Purpose:The aim of this study was to determine whether compression garments improve intermittent-sprint performance and aid performance or self-reported recovery from high-intensity efforts on consecutive days.Methods:Following familiarization, 14 male rugby players performed two randomized testing conditions (with or without garments) involving consecutive days of a simulated team sport exercise protocol, separated by 24 h of recovery within each condition and 2 weeks between conditions. Each day involved an 80-min high-intensity exercise circuit, with exercise performance determined by repeated 20-m sprints and peak power on a cart dynamometer (single-man scrum machine). Measures of nude mass, heart rate, skin and tympanic temperature, and blood lactate (La−) were recorded throughout each day; also, creatine kinase (CK) and muscle soreness were recorded each day and 48 h following exercise.Results:No differences (P = .20 to 0.40) were present between conditions on either day of the exercise protocol for repeated 20-m sprint efforts or peak power on a cart dynamometer. Heart rate, tympanic temperature, and body mass did not significantly differ between conditions; however, skin temperature was higher under the compression garments. Although no differences (P = .50) in La− or CK were present, participants felt reduced levels of perceived muscle soreness in the ensuing 48 h postexercise when wearing the garments (2.5 ± 1.7 vs 3.5 ± 2.1 for garment and control; P = .01).Conclusions:The use of compression garments did not improve or hamper simulated team-sport activity on consecutive days. Despite benefits of reduced self-reported muscle soreness when wearing garments during and following exercise each day, no improvements in performance or recovery were apparent.

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