Evaluating the fracture toughness of reactor pressure vessel (RPV) materials subject to embrittlement**Some portions of this chapter have been gleaned from Chapter 3 of: International Atomic Energy Agency, Integrity of Reactor Pressure Vessels in Nuclear Power Plants: Assessment of Irradiation Embrittlement Effects in Reactor Pressure Vessel Steels, IAEA Nuclear Energy Series NP-T-3.11, IAEA, Vienna (2009), a chapter authored by the first author of this chapter (no attribution in the IAEA document)Notice: This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC, under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the US Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes.

2015 ◽  
pp. 295-332
Author(s):  
R.K. Nanstad ◽  
W.L. Server ◽  
M.A. Sokolov ◽  
M. Brumovský
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reactor Pressure Vessel ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Irradiation Embrittlement ◽  
States Government ◽  
Reactor Pressure

MAI Benchmark Campaign of International Software for Reactor Pressure Vessel Integrity Assessment

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie Dautreme ◽  
Emmanuel Remy ◽  
Roman Sueur ◽  
Jean-Philippe Fontes ◽  
Karine Aubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pressure Vessel ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pressure Vessels ◽  
Reactor Pressure Vessel ◽  
Pressurized Water ◽  
Integrity Assessment ◽  
Benchmark Study ◽  
Reactor Pressure

Nuclear Reactor Pressure Vessel (RPV) integrity is a major issue concerning plant safety and this component is one of the few within a Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) whose replacement is not considered as feasible. To ensure that adequate margins against failure are maintained throughout the vessel service life, research engineers have developed and applied computational tools to study and assess the probability of pressure vessel failure during operating and postulated loads. The Materials Ageing Institute (MAI) sponsored a benchmark study to compare the results from software developed in France, Japan and the United States to compute the probability of flaw initiation in reactor pressure vessels. This benchmark study was performed to assess the similarities and differences in the software and to identify the sources of any differences that were found. Participants in this work included researchers from EDF in France, CRIEPI in Japan and EPRI in the United States, with each organization using the probabilistic software tool that had been developed in their country. An incremental approach, beginning with deterministic comparisons and ending by assessing Conditional Probability of crack Initiation (CPI), provided confirmation of the good agreement between the results obtained from the software used in this benchmark study. This conclusion strengthens the confidence in these probabilistic fracture mechanics tools and improves understanding of the fundamental computational procedures and algorithms.

Cryopreservation of human spermatozoa. IV. The effects of cooling rate and warming rate on the maintenance of motility, plasma membrane integrity, and mitochondrial function**Supported by grants from the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (R01-HD25949 and K04-HD00980); Parke-Davis; Methodist Hospital; and by the Office of Health and Environmental Research, United States Department of Energy, Washington, D.C., under contract DE-AC05-840R21400 with Martin Marietta Energy Systems.††Presented in part at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Andrology, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 13 to 16, 1989, and at the Annual Meeting of the American Society of Andrology, Tampa, Florida, April 17 to 19, 1993.‡‡The submitted manuscript has been authored by a contractor of the United States Government under contract DE-AC05-840R21400. Accordingly, the United States Government retains a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publish or reproduce the published form of this contribution, or allow others to do so, for U.S. Government purposes.

1993 ◽  
Vol 60 (5) ◽  
pp. 911-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike A. Henry ◽  
Esther E. Noiles ◽  
Dayong Gao ◽  
Peter Mazur ◽  
John K. Critser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Annual Meeting ◽  
Membrane Integrity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Environmental Research ◽  
United States Government ◽  
United States Department ◽  
States Government ◽  
American Society

scholarly journals Rapid, parallel identification of pathways for catabolism of lignin-derived aromatic compounds

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob H. Cecil ◽  
Joshua K. Michener
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World Wide ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Public Access ◽  
United States Government ◽  
Sponsored Research ◽  
States Government ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Do So

This manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, world-wide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).

scholarly journals The Futures of the Pandemic in the USA: A Timed Intervention Model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary D. Hachtel ◽  
John D. Stack ◽  
Jordan A. Hachtel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Public Access ◽  
United States Government ◽  
List Type ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
States Government ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The U.S

AbstractWe propose a novel Timed InterventionS, P, E, I, Q, R, D model for projecting the possible futures of the COVID-19 pandemic in the USA. The proposed model introduces a series of timed interventions that can account for the influence of real time changes in government policy and social norms. We consider three separate types of interventions:Protective interventions. Where population moves from susceptible to protected corresponding to mask mandates, stay-at-home orders and/or social distancing.Release interventions. Where population moves from protected to susceptible corresponding to social distancing mandates and practices being lifted by policy or pandemic fatigue.Vaccination interventions. Where population moves from susceptible, protected, and exposed to recovered (meaning immune) corresponding to the mass immunization of the U.S. Population.By treating the pandemic with timed interventions, we are able to model the pandemic extremely effectively, as well as directly predicting of the course of the pandemic under differing sets of intervention schedules. We show that without prompt effective protective/vaccination interventions the pandemic will extend all the way into 2022 and result in many millions of deaths in the U.S.†Copyright NoticeThis manuscript has been authored by UT-Battelle, LLC under Contract No. DE-AC05-00OR22725 with the U.S. Department of Energy. The United States Government retains and the publisher, by accepting the article for publication, acknowledges that the United States Government retains a non-exclusive, paid-up, irrevocable, worldwide license to publish or reproduce the published form of this manuscript, or allow others to do so, for United States Government purposes. The Department of Energy will provide public access to these results of federally sponsored research in accordance with the DOE Public Access Plan (http://energy.gov/downloads/doe-public-access-plan).

scholarly journals Preparing for “Peak Oil”: towards a preliminary agenda

2005 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken Piddington
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
The United States ◽  
Department Of Energy ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
United States Government ◽  
United States Department ◽  
Peak Oil ◽  
Executive Summary ◽  
States Government

“In summary, the problem of the peaking of conventional world oil production is unlike any yet faced by modern industrial society. The challenges and uncertainties need to be much better understood. Technologies exist to mitigate the problem. Timely, aggressive risk management will be essential.” This quotation is from the executive summary of a major report issued in February 2005 on the peaking of world oil production. That in itself is unremarkable, but the document – which has come to be known as “The Hirsch Report” – was sponsored by the United States Department of Energy (DOE). There are all the usual disclaimers about the policy of the United States Government. Nevertheless, as early as 2003, DOE clearly decided that a sound technical analysis of the issues raised by the approach of “Peak Oil” was a job which would be worth the investment of time and money.

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