scholarly journals supply of the Neapolitan army between the 18th and 19th centuries. Giacinto Cafiero asientive active de viveri e foraggi

2021 ◽  
pp. 147-168
Author(s):  
Angelo Odore
Keyword(s):  
Bread Making ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
War And Society ◽  
Kingdom Of Naples

This article, following the scholarship on war and society studies, “[…] aims to reconstruct the rise of Don Giacinto Cafiero, experienced merchant, and one of the most important asientist active in the Kingdom of Naples between the 1799 Revolution and the French decade (1806-1815). In detail, the article tries to clarify the tricky role of Cafiero, his commercial activity, his profits and his logistical network during the years of the “Partito Generale de Viveri e foraggi” (1800-1804). Therefore, we shall reconstruct the most important aspects of this task such as bread-making or the supplying of garrisons, fortresses and prisons. Furthermore, the description will also deal with some collateral questions including piracy issues, port administration and charter contracts.

Patronage and Power: The Vicereines at the Court of Naples in the Reign of Philip III of Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-170
Author(s):  
Alejandra Franganillo Álvarez
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Political Strategies ◽  
Political Network ◽  
Political Contribution ◽  
Kingdom Of Naples

Recently, several studies have focused on the figure of the viceroy in the Spanish Monarchy, especially in the Kingdom of Naples. However, far less attention has been paid to the role of the vicereines of Naples. The goal of my study is to investigate and clarify the significant roles held by these noblewomen at one of the most important viceregal courts of the Spanish Monarchy. I will focus on one vicereine in particular, Catalina de Zúñiga y Sandoval, 6th Countess of Lemos and sister to the Duke of Lerma (1599–1601), who developed an extensive political network through copious correspondences, requesting and distributing mercedes (dignities and favours) among family members and her clientage. A revisionary analysis of the vicereines’ roles at the Neapolitan court demonstrates how knowledge of their political contribution is essential for a deeper understanding of the economic and political strategies deployed by their families.

Justiz als Wirtschaftsfaktor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Klose
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
The State ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Legal Situation

This book will not only be beneficial to experts in the judicial system and lawyers, but also to all those interested in addressing the questions of whether and how disputed claims can be asserted. As a consequence, the judicial system and business are uncomfortable bedfellows. Calculable commercial activity requires not only a clear legal situation, but also its predictable implementation. Guaranteeing this is one of the essential tasks of the state judicial system. This study examines the role of the judicial system in economic activity. It reveals the tense relationship between fast and appropriate legal protection, analyses the tasks of the legislative and the judicature, and seeks ways of improving them, dealing in detail with alternative ways of resolving disputes and how they rival forms of state legal protection. Finally, in line with its focus on economics, it also examines the significance of the costs of seeking justice.

Viewing the Scaffold from Istanbul: The Bendysh-Hyde Affair, 1647–1651

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 421-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Charles Fissel ◽  
Daniel Goffman
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Recent Past ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Charles I ◽  
Company Directors ◽  
Council Of State

Slightly more than two years after the decapitation of Charles I, the Commonwealth of England inflicted the same punishment on the same block against his follower, Sir Henry Hyde. The failure to reach a settlement in the aftermath of the British civil war led to the king's beheading. Explaining Hyde's execution, however, requires a geographically broader context, for Sir Henry undertook his treasonable activities against the overseas interests of the English Commonwealth and Sir Thomas Bendysh, who had served as English ambassador in Istanbul since 1647, when he assumed the role of protector of English merchants. Although Bendysh later quarreled with his charges, the unexpected appearance of Henry Hyde in Istanbul in 1650 rallied the merchants behind him, for Hyde represented to them a return to the recent past, with its governmental interference and royal regulation of commercial activity. His presence also forced merchants to choose sides, thereby transposing upon Levantine commerce the divisions that had emerged during the civil war. Just as most Company members supported Parliament, so did their factors in the Levant back Bendysh, a known quantity, a clever negotiator, and a pragmatist. In his brief tenure, Bendysh had proven his ability to strike bargains with the Ottomans and stimulate commerce. He also personified the interests of the Council of State and the Levant Company directors, thereby linking the disparate but inter-dependent network of Levantine commerce.

scholarly journals Role of E-Commerce in Insurance Industry

2021 ◽  
pp. 410-414
Author(s):  
Dr. Shilpa Rathi
Keyword(s):  
Production Control ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Sales Force ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Electronic Systems ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Customer Support ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Sales Forces

E-commerce consists of buying and selling of products and services over electronic systems such as the internet and other computer networks. E-commerce is a commercial activity dealing directly with the trading of goods and services and with other related business activities, in which the electronic communication medium plays a central role. These activities include the communication of information, the management of payment, the negotiating and trading of financial instruments and the management of transport. The e-business can be used for three primary processes which help to enhance the business and they are; • The Production Process • Customer Centric Process • Employee Centric Process The production processes is the first which include procurement, ordering and replenishment of stocks; processing of payments; electronic links with suppliers; and production control processes, among others. The second is customer-focused processes, which include promotional and marketing efforts, selling over the Internet, processing of customers purchase orders and payments, and customer support, among others. An internal management process The third includes employee services, training, internal information-sharing, video-conferencing, and recruiting. Generally electronic applications enhance information flow between production and sales forces to improve sales force productivity. The purpose of this paper is to find the benefits, challenges and success of e-commerce with special reference to Life Insurance Corporation of India.

scholarly journals THE INDIAN COMMUNITY AND ITS ECONOMIC ACTIVITY IN ZANZIBAR DURING THE 19th CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Nasiri Abedalrazak
Keyword(s):  
Economic Activity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Main Category ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Seasonal Wind ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Large Farms

The Indians were considered the main category working in trade in Zanzibar during the reign of Sultan Saeed Bin Sultan, the founder of the modern state of Zanzibar (1806-1856). The Indian traders got the appreciation and respect of Saeed Bin Sultan and they were allowed to work in trade in the region and he treated them as local traders in order to establish a commercial empire. Hence most of the Indian traders came during his rule, and in 1835, as the case with others, they came with the seasonal wind. The Indian traders were Muslims and Hindu, but they didn’t consider Zanzibar as their homeland, they used to travel to India and come back. Among them, the Moslem Bahara became prominent, most of them were rich traders, who lived in Zanzibar and took it as their homeland. The Indian traders succeeded in supporting the economics of Zanzibar and financing the Arab commercial projects and developing the internal trade. Some of them succeeded in possessing large farms of cloves. And because of their commercial activity and their economic status they succeeded in establishing an excellent social position and they taught their children reading and writing. On the other side Britain encouraged the Indians to migrate to Eastern Africa because of its need for the technical Indian working class and handcraft to make use of their experience. Hence the important role of the Indian merchants in the trade of Eastern Africa came.

scholarly journals ESSENCE OF THE SERVICE CATEGORY IN FORENSIC MERCHANDISING

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
I. Petrova ◽  
O. Dontsova
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Service Work ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Service Category ◽  
Direct Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Essential Service

The article states that market of services, as a field of economic activity, plays the role of a leading sector of the national economy is not without certain problems, among which was the possibility of evaluating the service within the forensic merchandising. It is noted that researchers of the concept of service paid attention to its direct definition, description of the characteristics inherent in services and identify differences between the concepts: Goods, service, work. It is established the essence of the concept of service remains debatable and insufficiently researched regarding its application in forensic merchandising. In view of this, various structural elements of the concept of service were systematized into a single holistic definition by studying scientific approaches, terminological analysis and refining the definitions of this concept from different sources. It is established that uncertainty of services is that they are processes, not material objects and do not fall under the traditional definition of goods; identified a number of properties that distinguish services from tangible goods, and identified specific features of intangible services. It is emphasized that researching on category essence of service in forensic merchandising, one cannot ignore the interpretation of this term by legislators and scholars. Analysis of the service definition in regulations has established that the generalizing concept of service for these acts is a service as an action that has a certain beneficial effect, i.e. has benefits for consumer. Scientists argue that the service usually is an intangible product, process, and ownership of it for its sale to the consumer does not arise; ownership may arise as a result of the provision of the service. The essential service characteristic is defined by scientists as economic value, which makes it an object of commercial activity, a subject of trade and an object of purchase and sale; it turns it into an economic good. It is established that service concept is most often associated with the action or activity of the service provider aimed at meeting the needs of the consumer and is realized at the time of its provision.

scholarly journals Consuls of European States in Mykolayiv (the Second Half of the 19th – the Beginning of the 20th Centuries)

2017 ◽  
pp. 381-393
Author(s):  
Ludmyla Vovchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Spiritual Life ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
The City ◽  
Taking Care

An integral part of modern Ukrainian historical science is to study consular missions on the territory of modern Ukraine, which, unfortunately, for many years has not caused interest of scholars. This article examines the formation of European states’ consular offices in Mykolayiv and the role of foreign consular representatives in the city during the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Taking care of the interests of their own state and citizens, they simultaneously contributed to the development of trade, commercial activity, the rise of banks and hospitals in the city, made a significant contribution to the progression of education, newspapers, science, art, sports, spiritual life of citizens and, in fact, to the development of southern Ukrainian cities.

Landscape Heritage Conservation along Sanur Beach Borderline in Bali: Perspectives of the Local Government and Visitors

2015 ◽  
Vol 747 ◽  
pp. 202-205
Author(s):  
Tri Anggraini Prajnawrdhi ◽  
Sadasivam Karuppannan ◽  
Alpana Sivam
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Open Space ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Commercial Activity ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Public Open Space ◽  
New Development ◽  
Landscape Heritage

Bali is well known as the Paradise Island on the earth. Its unique landscape and culture attract large number of tourists from all over the world. Due to large number of tourist’s inflow several new developments are taking place in Denpasar city to support tourism activities especially in the tourism zone. Sanur beach attracts thousands tourist each year, and the new development of this beach is undeniable. The beach borderline has been declared as one of the cultural heritage in Bali, where the traditional Hindu ceremony took place. But nowadays, the border has interrupted with commercial activity for tourism purposes. Based on empirical research which employed a case study of public open space along the beach, the paper draws on the Balinese experiences with particular reference to Sanur Beach. This paper explores the perception of two different stakeholders with the practices on use of public open space. It argues that global economic have raised new issues for decisions relating to ownership and management of public open spaces and consequently brought effects on cultural heritage. This is reflected that role of government, private sectors involvement and the local community should be urgently improved.

Who is the spokesperson for whom? Intendants, budgets and action at a distance in the Kingdom of Naples during the French decade (1806–1815)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Migliori ◽  
Tiziana Di Cimbrini ◽  
Augusta Consorti
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Translation Process ◽  
French Empire ◽  
Actor Network ◽  
Kingdom Of Naples ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Human Actors

The article uses Latour’s actor-network perspective to explore the role of accounting and the intendants (administrative officials) in integrating the Kingdom of Naples into Napoleon’s empire during the first decade of the nineteenth century. By comparing the ‘action at a distance’ network planned by the French empire and its actual ‘translation’ played by both human actors and accounting technologies, we reveal certain unintended consequences. Although the French plan assigned the main translating role to the budgets, the intendants resulted as the main players. Their role as intermediates of the budgets transmission between local and central levels of government had the greatest influence on the ‘translation’ process. This role stemmed from the need to overcome the resistance of the local governments against the French plan. The main contribution of this work is to highlight that network survival may require human actors to replace technologies in ‘translation’ processes.

A lipase based approach for studying the role of wheat lipids in bread making

2014 ◽  
Vol 156 ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lien R. Gerits ◽  
Bram Pareyt ◽  
Jan A. Delcour
Keyword(s):  
Bread Making
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