scholarly journals John Woods y Brent Hudak: Por paridad de razonamiento

Author(s):  
José Alhambra Delgado
Keyword(s):  

Traducción al español del artículo publicado por John Woods y Brent Hudak en Informal Logic, Vol. 11, Nº 3, en 1989. Frente a las propuestas que interpretan el argumento por analogía en términos de semejanza de propiedades, los autores proponen aquí una concepción metaargumentativa, es decir, una en la que los objetos de comparación son argumentos. Esto les permite interpretar la noción de semejanza en términos de identidad de razones, dar cuenta de algunas características del argumento por analogía en oposición, por ejemplo, a la predicación analógica y explorar su dimensión dialéctica en la solución de lo que denominan un stand-off o punto muerto discursivo. La traducción se acompaña de una presentación del texto realizada por el traductor.

Author(s):  
Douglas Walton
Keyword(s):  

Author(s):  
Alexandra-Niculina Babii

The digital era has determined a very easy creation and propagation of fake news. As a consequence, it has become harder for people to fight this malicious phenomenon. However, the only weapon that can have results in this informational war is critical thinking. But who should use it? The creators of fake news that do this for different reasons? The social platforms that allow the circulation of fake news with ease? Mass media which does not always verify with much attention and rigour the information they spread? The Governments that should apply legal sanctions? Or the consumer that receives all the fake news, him being the final target? Even if critical thinking would be useful for every actor on fake news’ stage, the one who needs it the most is the consumer. This comes together with the big responsibility placed on his shoulders. Even if others are creating and spreading disinformation, the consumer must be aware and be careful with the information he encounters on a daily basis. He should use his reasoning and he should not believe everything just because it is on the Internet. How can he do that? Critical thinking seems to be a quite difficult tool to use, especially for non-specialized individuals. This paper’s aim is to propose a simplified model of critical thinking that can contribute to detecting fake news with the help of people’s self judgement. The model is based on theories from Informal Logic considering the structure of arguments and on Critical Discourse Analysis theories concerning the patterns found in the content of the information.


1957 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-485
Author(s):  
Charles A. Mcglon
Keyword(s):  

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Lorraine M. Murphy ◽  
Ronald Munson ◽  
Domenick Caruso ◽  
Stephen Weidenborner
Keyword(s):  

Philosophy ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-473

Editorial: Thinking SkillsThe Government is, it seems, keen to introduce ‘thinking skills’ into the curriculum. Of course, no one could be against people, young or old, thinking. Nor would it be appropriate in a philosophical journal to cast doubt on an initiative that might expand the market for philosophers. Nevertheless, one may he forgiven for wondering just what is being envisaged by the notion of thinking skills.Are these, in the modern jargon, ‘transferable’? Can someone who can think excellently about physics thereby think well about practical matters? Is there such a thing as musical thought, or painterly thinking? Are those who can compose or paint well necessarily any good at thinking when it comes to horse racing or tax returns?Perhaps what is meant is something like the ability to do some formal and informal logic. No doubt it would be a good thing if people avoided the more glaring fallacies in their thinking, but that does not get us very far (two lessons, maybe). And there is no guarantee that those expert at logic, formal and informal, are going to be much good when it comes to thinking about other people, or even about politics. (All the usual suspects, starting with Frege and Russell.)In any case, even in philosophy, the relationship between perennial fascination and thought in any straightforward, argumentative sense is by no means clear. Every first year undergraduate is given a quiver-full of arguments to show that Descartes and Plato can be punctured at crucial points, and, in Jonathan Bennett's words, every great philosopher is fought ‘tooth and nail’ at every step by those who follow. Mostly this has a disconcertingly small effect on the reputation of those who have a vision and a breadth to compel. If philosophy is a guide, what counts in the end are not thinking skills, but generosity of vision and human resonance: qualities which cannot be characterized as skills at all.


Cogency ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Daniel Mejía

This paper questions the use of the argumentative reconstruction technique as a criterion for identifying arguments. To perform this, I stress a type of argument that appeals to taste. I proceed as follows: first, I relate such a technique to the ways in which pragma-dialectics and informal logic have defined argumentation. Second, I present some borderline cases to reconstruction technique such as argumentation through directives, expressives and commissives speech acts, narrative argumentation, and visual argumentation. Third, I add to these cases that of an argumentation that appeals to taste by analyzing a dialogue. Fourth, I conclude the article by offering reasons to study cases such as the one presented and by introducing some problems derived from the present study.


2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristián Santibáñez Yáñéz

In this paper a tentative explanation of the competence of argumentation from an evolutionary point of view is offered. Because in contemporary argumentation theory and the informal logic approach the evolutionary perspective has been neglected, this paper gives an initial overview on the matter with the hope that core aspects of the argumentative faculty—such as argumentative normativity, the function of arguments, or fallacious moves, among others—can be seen differently afterwards. In order to specify the proposal, the main concepts considered are the notion of collective intentionality, cooperation, reputation, niche construction and, of course, basic evolutionary terms.


2008 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Anthony Blair

Informal logic began in the 1970s as a critique of then-current theoretical assumptions in the teaching of argument analysis and evaluation in philosophy departments in the U.S. and Canada. The last 35 years have seen significant developments in informal logic and critical thinking theory. The paper is a pilot study of the influence of these advances in theory on what is taught in courses on argument analysis and critical thinking in U.S. and Canadian philosophy departments. Its finding, provisional and much-qualified, is that the theoretical developments and refinements have had limited impact on instruction in leading philosophy departments.


2008 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 149 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Gilbert

Natural normativity describes the means whereby social and cultural controls are placed on argumentative behaviour. The three main components of this are Goals, Context, and Ethos, which combine to form a dynamic and situational framework. Natural normativity is explained in light of Pragma-dialectics, Informal Logic, and Rhetoric. Finally, the theory is applied to the Biro-Siegel challenge.


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