scholarly journals Foreign Aid and Development in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: An Analysis of International Barriers to Development

Perceptions ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna N Smith
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Foreign Aid ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Democratic Republic ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The World

The Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) remains one of the poorest and least developed countries in the world. Despite its abundance of natural resources, it has failed to develop and maintain political stability since its decolonization in 1960. With its unstable and corrupt government, the DRC’s primary source of fiscal investment comes from foreign aid, from both International Organizations (IOs), like the International Monetary Fund and World Bank, as well as International Non-Governmental Organization (INGOs). In this paper I examine how the role of international aid from The World Bank, IMF, and INGOs has contributed to the pervasive stagnation of the DRC’s economic growth, and how aid can be implemented equitably and efficiently. In order to create a comprehensive overview of economic development in the DRC, I analyze the repercussions of colonial legacies, government corruption, the benefits of foreign aid, and possible neo-colonial implications of foreign aid on the country’s growth. After analyzing the sum of these effects on economic growth, we can conclude that ultimately foreign aid is necessary for development in the DRC; however, adjustments must be made to current aid programs in order to create equitable growth.

scholarly journals Development Aid - A Perspective on the Sustainability of World Bank Projects

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 241
Author(s):  
Dominik Schafer
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Project Delivery ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Asian Continent ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

This paper focuses on the evaluation of the World Bank (WB) performance in delivering development aid to the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). For this purpose, an extensive research was performed to analyze a set of 790 Implementation Completion and Results reports for sustainability outcomes. Results of this research provide various insights on sustainability ratings of project delivery of the LDCs and the African and Asian continent, whereas overall satisfying sustainability ratings are disclosed.

scholarly journals Foreign Aid and Trade Capacity Development Recent Evidence from Uganda

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Alex Thomas Ijjo ◽  
Isaac M. B. Shinyekwa
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Aid ◽  
Capacity Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
External Trade ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Development Indicators ◽  
Side Constraints ◽  
The World ◽  
Aid For Trade ◽  
World Development

Endemic supply side constraints including fluctuating output levels, deficient trade infrastructure, rampant non-tariff barriers and incapacity to ensure international quality standards continue to thwart the gainful participation of many Least Developed Countries (LDCs) in an increasingly liberal global trade environment. At its 2005 Hong Kong Ministerial Conference, the World Trade Organization launched its Aid for Trade (AFT) initiative aimed at coordinating global financial support for strengthening trade capacity in Least Developed Countries (LDCs). This paper examined the effect of foreign aid, particularly Official Development Assistance, on Uganda’s external trade and its AFT component in strengthening the country’s trade capacity. Using time series Error Correction Modelling and the World Bank’s World Development Indicators and official national statistics, the paper finds small but positive aid influence on Uganda’s exports and imports and generally close alignment between aid and national priorities. However, given general aid volatility but more especially following the anti-homosexuality legislation and gross corruption allegations in the case of Uganda, the paper advises that external aid be treated as a supplement rather than a substitute for domestic financial resource mobilization in trade capacity development.

scholarly journals How to be an Asian Tiger

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Anis Alam
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Small Country ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Asian Tiger ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Industrialised Countries

In 1995 the Republic of Korea (ROK) was officially admitted to the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). This organisation groups together industrially developed countries of the world. Recently, the World Bank has also released a study of China that predicts that China is going to become the second biggest economy in the next fifteen years if its economic growth follows the pattern of the last fifteen years. ROK is the only country from among the developing countries to join the ranks of the developed industrialised countries in the last thirty years. However, it is still a small country compared to China. Hence when China completes its transformation into an industrialised country the whole world will be affected.

scholarly journals Development Aid: A Perspective on the World Bank Performance Calculating the Social Return on Investment for the Least Developed

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Dominik Schäfer
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Return On Investment ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
Social Return On Investment ◽  
Project Costs ◽  
The World

This paper focuses on the evaluation of the World Bank (WB) performance in delivering development aid to the Least Developed Countries (LDCs). The portfolio Net Present Value (NPV) at the result stage of the LDCs (168 projects) was positive with NPV values ranging from 42,059 to 50,779 Mio USD (33,506 Mio USD total project costs) and from 6,188 to 7,799 Mio USD excluding the 7 outlier projects with abnormally “high-value” NPVs. The minimum Social Return on Investment (SROI) of the LDCs including all project costs was calculated. This SROI ratio outcomes of 1 and 1.06 in the weighted and 1.3 and 1.72 in the unweighted case indicate that projects delivered by the WB have a positive effect on the poor countries.

EMPOWERING WOMEN THROUGH ENTREPRENEURSHIP: ASPECTS AND APPROACHES

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
JAVED ALAM SHEIKH
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Substantial Contribution ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
World Population ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
The Road ◽  
Road Map ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status

Almost 50 per cent of the world population is constituted by the women and they have been making substantial contribution to socio-economic development. But, unfortunately their tremendous contribution remains unrecognized and unnoticed in most of the developing and least developed countries causing the problem of poverty among them. Empowering women has become the key element in the development of an economy. With women moving forward, the family moves, the village moves and the nation moves. Hence, improving the status of women by way of their economic empowerment is highly called for. Entrepreneurship is a key tool for the economic empowerment of women around the world for alleviating poverty. Entrepreneurship is now widely recognized as a tool of economic development in India also. In this paper I have tried to discuss the reasons and role of Women Entrepreneurship with the help of Push and Pull factors. In the last I have also discussed the problems and the road map of Women Entrepreneurs development in India.

scholarly journals Financial Inclusion Measurement in the Least Developed Countries in Asia and Africa

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Girón ◽  
Amirreza Kazemikhasragh ◽  
Antonella Francesca Cicchiello ◽  
Eva Panetti
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Formal Finance ◽  
Econometric Technique ◽  
Innovative Approaches

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to examine the determinants of financial inclusion in the least developed countries in Asia and Africa. We used World Bank data to estimate the probit econometric technique in the studied countries. The results show that young people and women are groups excluded from financial inclusion and that education and income are two of the key pillars for increasing financial inclusion. Furthermore, the results reveal that a higher level of financial inclusion increases the level of official savings in countries, which in turn promotes their development. The findings of this study are beneficial for policymakers in the least developed countries to promote innovative approaches to enhance the involvement of excluded people in formal finance.

scholarly journals THE BASIC FRAMEWORK FOR THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE GREEN ECONOMY MODEL IN THE BUSINESS PROCESSES OF THE FOOD INDUSTRY

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (167) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
S. Burlutska ◽  
D. Krasovsky
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Management System ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Economic Science ◽  
Growth Strategies ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The World

At present, the totality of global environmental and economic threats and challenges has put the world economic science in front of the need to find a new way of developing the world economy. The new model of economic growth must satisfy two main criteria: firstly, to find a qualitatively new direction of growth, and secondly, to ensure the preservation and improvement of the quality of the environment for human life, that is, to ensure new economic growth without negative consequences for the environment. Many modern scientists see the solution of these problems in a relatively new direction in the economy, which has existed for just over 30 years - the "green" economy. Their opinion is shared by leading politicians and civil servants of the world's economic powers. The directions of the "green" economy system are considered: introduction of renewable energy sources; improvement of the waste management system; improvement of the water resources management system; development of "clean" transport; organic farming in agriculture; energy efficiency in housing and communal services; conservation and effective management of ecosystems. As a result of the analysis, key ones were identified directions in which the green economy is moving, systematized basic support tools that divided into price and non-price, in more detail characterized by price with the separation of financial tools that experts focus on international organizations for sustainable development. The main elements of the state are defined green growth strategies and analyzed the situation harmonization of the influence of developed countries on the development of "green" economy. An understanding of the essence and description of the goals of "green" technologies is proposed, which implies work not with the consequences, but with the causes of environmental problems. Considered the "green" experience of developed countries and global companies. In conclusion, the author emphasizes that the concept of a "green" economy is an innovative development project, but to achieve sustainability it is necessary to use the experience of other companies. One of the main problems was noticed, this is the use of pseudo environmental friendliness by companies for their own commercial purposes.

scholarly journals Bringing the Military Back in: Military Expenditures and Economic Growth 1990 to 2003

2008 ◽  
pp. 142-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kentor ◽  
Edward Kick
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Development ◽  
Military Spending ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
Military Institution ◽  
The Military

After the “peace bonus” era, global military expenditures have escalated sharply despite some worldwide declines in military personnel. Theories on the economic impacts of the military institution and escalated military spending greatly differ and include arguments that they either improve domestic economic performance or crowd out growth-inducing processes. Empirical findings on this matter are inconclusive, in part due to a failure to disentangle the various dimensions of military expenditures. We further suggest that modern sociology's relative inattention to such issues has contributed to these shortcomings. We explore a new dimension of military spending that clarifies this issue—military expenditures per soldier —which captures the capital intensiveness of a country’s military organization. Our cross-national panel regression and causal analyses of developed and less developed countries from 1990 to 2003 show that military expenditures per soldier inhibit the growth of per capita GDP, net of control variables, with the most pronounced effects in least developed countries. These expenditures inhibit national development in part by slowing the expansion of the labor force. Labor-intensive militaries may provide a pathway for upward mobility, but comparatively capital-intensive military organizations limit entry opportunities for unskilled and under- or unemployed people. Deep investments in military hardware also reduce the investment capital available for more economically productive opportunities. We also find that arms imports have a positive effect on economic growth, but only in less developed countries.

scholarly journals The Nigerian population: A treasure for national development or an unsurmountable national challenge

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-142
Author(s):  
Vitalis Jafla Pontianus ◽  
Oruonye E.D.
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
National Development ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Resource Scarcity ◽  
Population Increase ◽  
High Population ◽  
Major Player ◽  
The World

Nigeria is the most populous black nation in the world. It is equally one of the Less Developed Countries (LDCs) with very high population. Population growth is a very important element and a challenge in the development process in LDCs. The population of Nigeria is expected to continue to grow up to 239 million by 2025 and 440 million by 2050, thereby ranking it to 4th position among countries of the World with high population. This without doubt will place Nigeria in a position of major player in the global system, and more importantly in the African region. It is against this background that this study examines Nigeria’s population composition by poising the following questions; will Nigeria’s present and future population structure be a benefit or a burden? How can Nigeria’s relative share of working-age composition (15- 64) and dependents (under 15 and 65 and over) contribute to long term economic growth and development of the country? The findings of the study reveals that population growth is a critical factor in the development of any economy, providing workforce for production of goods and services to boost economic development and a critical determinant of the potentials of a country’s investment. The study findings also show that continuous population growth militates against economic growth through inducement of poverty, falling medical care/services and environmental degradation, worsen resource scarcity in areas where a large proportion of the population already relies on natural resource-based livelihoods. The study argued that population increase is not a problem in itself to any nation, and that there are some impeding factors associated with population growth such as corruption, inadequate planning, inappropriate implementation of development plans, poor budget/implementation and complacency in developing human capital. These are issues that the Nigerian state since independence have continued to battle with which has invariably made it a seemingly failed state. The study concludes that how much any country can benefit from its population size is dependent on the quality of human capital. Based on the findings, the study recommends economic diversification, government empowerment of Small and Medium scale Enterprises, paying attention to human capital development and target-oriented education.

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