scholarly journals Cross-Section of Human Lower Leg Bones Viewed from Strength of Materials

1971 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tasuku KIMURA
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
Leg Bones

Thermoelasticity Solutions for Straight Beams

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. D. Copper ◽  
W. D. Pilkey
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Solution Technique ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Stress Distributions ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
Numerical Efficiency ◽  
Temperature Distributions ◽  
Normal And Shear Stresses

This paper presents a thermoelastic solution technique for beams with arbitrary quasi-static temperature distributions that create large transverse normal and shear stresses. This technique calculates the stress resultants and centroid displacements along a beam. Then, the stress resultants and temperature distribution are used to calculate the stress distributions on a cross section of the beam. Simple examples demonstrate the numerical efficiency of the proposed technique and the inadequacy of the strength of materials theory to solve these types of problems.

scholarly journals The Potential Relationship Between Leg Bone Length and Running Performance in Well‐Trained Endurance Runners

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiromasa Ueno ◽  
Tadashi Suga ◽  
Kenji Takao ◽  
Yuto Miyake ◽  
Masafumi Terada ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Height ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Running Performance ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Tibial Length ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
Endurance Runners ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Leg Bones

Abstract The present study aimed to determine the relationship between leg bone length and running performance in well-trained endurance runners. The lengths of the leg bones in 42 male endurance runners (age: 20.0 ± 1.0 years, body height: 169.6 ± 5.6 cm, body mass: 56.4 ± 5.1 kg, personal best 5000-m race time: 14 min 59 s ± 28 s) were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. The lengths of the femur and tibia were calculated to assess the upper and lower leg lengths, respectively. The total length of the femur + tibia was calculated to assess the overall leg bone length. These lengths of the leg bones were normalized with body height, which was measured using a stadiometer to minimize differences in body size among participants. The relative tibial length was significantly correlated with personal best 5000-m race time (r = -0.328, p = 0.034). Moreover, a trend towards significance was observed in the relative femoral length (r = -0.301, p = 0.053). Furthermore, the relative total lengths of the femur + tibia were significantly correlated with personal best 5000-m race time (r = -0.353, p < 0.05). These findings suggest that although the relationship between the leg bone length and personal best 5000-m race time was relatively minor, the leg bone length, especially of the tibia, may be a potential morphological factor for achieving superior running performance in well-trained endurance runners.

Finite element simulation on clothing pressure and body deformation of the top part of men’s socks using curve fitting equations

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei Zhang ◽  
Henan Dong ◽  
Xuerong Fan ◽  
Rui Dan
Keyword(s):  
Functional Equation ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Contact Pressure ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Curve Fitting ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Quadratic Functional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Variation Tendency

Purpose – Objective appraisal of pressure comfort is the basement of optimal design of clothing. The purpose of this paper is to study a new method to appraise pressure comfort through displacement distribution, and then explored the multiple relationship between pressure and displacement on the lower leg cross-section using finite element method (FEM) and curve fitting. Design/methodology/approach – This paper presented a 2D simulation model of the lower leg cross-section consisting of three layer different mechanical properties, namely skin, soft tissue, and bone. Analyzed the relationship and variation tendency between contact pressure and strain, calculated the multiple relationship between pressure and displacement on the lower leg cross-section where located at the top part of men’s socks in detail, and then obtained the quadratic functional equation between angle and pressure/displacement ratio through segmented curve fitting using Origin 7.5 software. Findings – In this research work, the mathematical equation is obtained which describe the relationship between angle and pressure/displacement of the top part of men’s socks. On the premise of the known contact pressure values on the lower leg cross-section, the corresponding displacement values on the human body surface can be obtained by the functional equation under stress, and this displacement could be used as an objective evaluation index for pressure comfort. Based on these conclusions, the authors could provide theoretical reference for pressure prediction and optimizing the design of clothing. Research limitations/implications – This paper is unconcerned with the simulating of pressure, strain, and displacement distribution when dressing during the course of walking and running. Originality/value – The paper analyzed the relationship and variation tendency between contact pressure and strain using FEM, and then obtained the quadratic functional equation between angle and pressure/displacement ratio of the top part of socks. It can supply a new method to appraise pressure comfort.

Analysis of Buckling Column Spring With Pivoted Ends and Uniform Rectangular Cross Section

1961 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-66
Author(s):  
Alexander Blake
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Deflection Analysis ◽  
Uniform Cross Section

Design formulas and working charts are derived for predicting load-deflection characteristics and maximum bending stresses in initially straight buckling column springs, of uniform cross section, considered to be pin jointed at the supports. Load-deflection analysis is based on the study of a slender bar, compressed beyond critical buckling, made by Lagrange. Stresses are calculated using the elementary strength of materials theory. The predicted load-deflection curves for typical spring proportions are compared with the experimental results.

New Autographic Machine for Testing Tensile Properties of Rubber

1931 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-600
Author(s):  
George J. Albertoni
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Test Piece ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Recording Device ◽  
Stress Strain ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
Considerable Deformation

Abstract A description is given of a testing machine for the measurement of the tensile strength of materials having considerable deformation, such as rubber. A stress-strain recording device is described in which the strain recorded responds to the separation between a pair of independently movable pointers which may be made to follow the separation of two marks, spaced upon the sample before insertion in the machine. Mechanical means are also described to correct for variations in the test-piece cross section, and to produce equal chart displacements for equal angular deviations of the inclination balance.

scholarly journals Mathematical modeling of the osteosynthesis of the lower leg bones using a titanium mesh for their congenital pseudoarthrosis in the lower third

TRAUMA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
S.O. Khmyzov ◽  
E.S. Katsalap ◽  
M.Yu. Karpinsky ◽  
O.V. Yaresko
Keyword(s):  
Bone Graft ◽  
Strain State ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Titanium Mesh ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Congenital Pseudarthrosis ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Leg Bones ◽  
Additional Fixation

Background. Congenital pseudarthrosis of the lower leg bones belongs to the group of orphan diseases and manifests itself in non-union (pseudarthrosis) of the lower leg bones, which leads to the formation of deformity and shortening of the limb, and, as a result, is accompanied by a persistent violation of the limb’s supportability. To date, the question of choosing a surgical technique and optimal fixation in the surgical treatment of congenital pseudarthrosis of the lower leg bones remains unresolved. The purpose was to investigate the stress-strain state of the shin model with pseudarthrosis of its bones in the lower third during their osteosynthesis using a titanium mesh. Materials and methods. Osteosynthesis was simulated with an intramedullary nail, wires, and a block of bone grafts on both shin bones with the imposition of a titanium mesh over the grafts under the influence of two types of compression and torsion loads. Results. Studies have shown that additional fixation of the bone graft block with a titanium mesh allows reducing the stress level at almost all control points of the model of osteosynthesis of the lower leg bones in their congenital pseudarthrosis, both under compression and torsion. As the most positive changes, we can note a decrease in the stress values on the tibia around the nonunion line. This can be explained by the fact that the bone graft block reinforced with a titanium mesh takes on a great load. The same fact contributes to the increase in the level of stress at the lower border of the graft block and tibia. The negative factors include an increase in the level of stress along the line of non-union of the fibula. This is also explained by an increase in the modulus of elasticity of the bone graft block, which further loads the fibula. Conclusions. The use of a titanium mesh for additional fixation of the shin bones in the treatment of their congenital pseudarthrosis has a positive effect on the stress-strain state of the model, which is confirmed by a decrease in the stress level at almost all control points of the model, both under compression and torsion loads. The most positive changes are observed along the line of non-union of the tibia.

scholarly journals Columns with Different Cross Section using ANSYS Work Bench

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2S4) ◽  
pp. 469-473
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Metal Plate ◽  
Moment Of Inertia ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
Metal Plates ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Specific Material ◽  
Circular Bar ◽  
Ansys Workbench

In this paper we are going to analyze the strength of material and deflection due to applying load on the column. The column of different materials will be cross sectioned and will present the difference of strength of materials by ANSYS workbench. The strength of material will depend upon the young’s modulus and moment of inertia of the metal plate. We use different size of metal plates such as I-section, circular bar, rectangular bar and square bar for a specific material to know the strength of material when a load applied on the cross sections. In this paper we taken a condition that one side of column is fixed and another side is free when load is applying on the column.

scholarly journals TREATMENT OF TWO-LEVEL DEFORMITIES OF LOWER LEG BONES: TWO HEXAPODS OR ONE?

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-83
Author(s):  
V.A. Vilenskiy ◽  
E.A. Zakharyan ◽  
T.F. Zubairov ◽  
B.K. Dolgiev ◽  
K.B. Toldieva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Leg ◽  
Leg Bones

Deflection of a Thick Ring in Diametral Compression by Test and by Strength-of-Materials Theory

1959 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-295
Author(s):  
Alexander Blake
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Strain Energy ◽  
Rectangular Cross Section ◽  
Theoretical Estimate ◽  
Shear Stresses ◽  
Strength Of Materials ◽  
Diametral Compression ◽  
Normal And Shear Stresses

Abstract Experimental and theoretical deflection studies are briefly described for several steel rings, of uniform rectangular cross section, compressed by two forces along a diameter and having D/d ratios ranging from 1.3 to 1.9. The calculations are based on the principle of Castigliano and expressions for strain energy due to bending, normal, and shear stresses. Discrepancies between the theoretical estimate and the tests are shown.

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