Continued Monitoring and Modeling of Xingfeng Solid Waste Landfill Settlement, China, Based on Multiplatform SAR Images

Continued settlement monitoring and modeling of landfills are critical for land redevelopment and safety assurance. This paper adopts a MTInSAR technique for time-series monitoring of the Xingfeng landfill (XFL) settlement. A major challenge is that the frequent and significant settlement in the initial stage after the closure of landfills can affect the coherence of interferograms, thus hindering the monitoring of settlement by MTInSAR. We analyzed the factors that can directly affect the temporal decorrelation of landfills and adopted a 3D phase unwrapping approach to correct the phase unwrapping errors caused by such deformation gradient. SAR images from four platforms, including 50 Sentinel-1A, 12 Radarsat-2, 4 ALOS-2, and 2 TerraSAR-X/TanDEM-X images, are collected to measure the settlement and thickness of the landfill. The settlement accuracy is evaluated by a cross-evaluation between Radarsat-2 and Sentinel-1A that have similar temporal coverages. We analyzed the spatial characteristics of settlement and the relationship between the settlement and thickness. Further, we modeled the future settlement of the XFL with a hyperbolic function model. The results showed that the coherence in the initial stage after closure of the XFL is primarily affected by temporal decorrelation caused by considerable deformation gradient compared with spatial decorrelation. Settlement occurs primarily in the forward slope of the XFL, and the maximum line-of-sight (LOS) settlement rate reached 0.808 m/year from August 2018 to May 2020. The correlation between the settlement and thickness is 0.62, indicating an obvious relationship between the two. In addition, the settlement of younger areas is usually greater than that of older areas.

Experimental Investigation on Bending Performance of Steel-Concrete Composite Slim Beams

In this paper, the mechanical behavior of steel-concrete composite slim beams was investigated by experiments, and the influence of sectional dimension of steel beams on the bending stiffness and flexural capacity of composite slim beams was evaluated. Test results show that good cooperative performance can be achieved in steel-concrete composite slim beams and the relative slip between steel and concrete is very small. The steel-concrete slim beam presents considerable deformation ability beyond the service stage, which indicates that the composite slim beam has good ductility. In addition, sectional dimension of steel beams is proved to have significant influence on both the bending stiffness and flexural capacity of composite slim beams.

Surface quality of products with heterogeneous coatings during mechanical processing

It is shown that when machining products from materials with heterogeneous structure, possibilities of management of a condition of a blanket are significantly limited. As an example of management, cutting processing of products from materials with heterogeneous structure – turning of high-strength flame evaporated coverings is considered. Because for an amorphous component of heterogeneous coverings the lack of deformation hardening is peculiar considerable deformation of the cut-off material is observed at their processing and characteristic shaving is formed. Highintensity thermobaric impact on the processed heterogeneous material leads to partial crystallization in a thin blanket with the high content of an amorphous phase. As a result of researches the criterion which quantitatively estimates the statistics, which complexly characterize uniformity of structure of materials and dispersion of their properties, is offered. The criterion allows defining ability of materials to be exposed to cutting without carrying out long experiments.

Vertical Displacement of the Surface Area over the Leakage to the Transverse salt Mine in 1992–2012

The leakage of water in the salt mine caused considerable deformation of the surface. This article shows the vertical displacement in the area of leakage to the mine excavation, measured by precision leveling, carried out from the first days of leakage in 1992 until 2012. The geological and hydrogeological conditions of the mine, as well as the associated water hazards were described, which in conjunction with the inconvenient location of the excavation site in the northern frontage of the Carpathians and also inadequately conducted mining operations, contributed to the risk of flooding mine. The analysis of the vertical movements of the surface – subsidence and uplift – were present as well as the process of formation of the depression trough in the form of maps and graphs. The analyzes were based on 49 measurement series, starting from the first days of the disaster within the next 20 years. The course of development of the depression trough and the condition of the surface after stopping the water from the rock mass has been shown, which caused the surface to uplift.

Interplay between antimagnetic and collective rotation in 58Fe

The self-consistent tilted axis cranking covariant density functional theory based on the point-coupling interaction PC-PK1 is applied to investigate the possible existence of antimagnetic rotation in the nucleus [Formula: see text]Fe. The observed data for Bands 3 and 4 are reproduced well with two assigned configurations. It is found that the interplay between antimagnetic rotation and collective motion plays an essential role in both bands due to the presence of considerable deformation. In particular, for Band 4, collective rotation is dominant in the competition with antimagnetic rotation. Moreover, it is shown that the behavior of the ratios between the dynamic moments of inertia and the [Formula: see text] values reflects the interplay between antimagnetic and collective rotation.

Ring-strain release in neutral and dicationic 7,8,17,18-tetrabromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin: crystal structures of C44H26Br4N4and C44H28Br4N42+·2ClO4−·3CH2Cl2

Two porphyrin complexes were studied to determine the effects of protonation on ring deformation within the porphyrin. The porphyrin 7,8,17,18-tetrabromo-5,10,15,20-tetraphenylporphyrin, C44H26Br4N4, was selected because the neutral species is readily doubly protonated to yield a dication, which was crystallized here with perchlorate counter-ions as a dichloromethane trisolvate, C44H28Br4N42+·2ClO4−·3CH2Cl2. The centrosymmetric neutral species is observed to have a mild `ruffling' of the pyrrole rings and is essentially planar throughout; intramolecular N—H...N hydrogen bonds occur. In contrast, the dication exhibits considerable deformation, with the pyrrole rings oriented well out of the plane of the porphyrin, resulting in a `saddle' conformation of the ring. The charged species forms N—H...O hydrogen bonds to the perchlorate anions, which lie above and below the plane of the porphyrin ring. Distortions to the planarity of the pyrrole rings in both cases are very minor. The characterization of the neutral species represents a low-temperature redetermination of the previous room-temperature analyses [Zouet al.(1995).Acta Cryst.C51, 760–761; Rayatiet al.(2008).Polyhedron, pp. 2285–2290], which showed disorder and physically unrealistic displacement parameters.

Steel KODUR 460MC under Creep Condition

This paper analyses a failure of the micro alloyed steel (Re= 500MPa) at a temperature range 400 - 500 oC in the tensile test conditions and in the creep conditions. The failure character in condition tensile test was changeless and the fraction was transcrystalline ductile. The structure near a fraction showed a considerable deformation texture (reduction of area = 76%). The contraction and the fraction stress considerable was decreased by the increase of the time up to the fraction and the by the increase of temperature in the creep conditions. There were formed secondary intercrystalline cracks except the central crack in the area fraction. Intercrystalline cracks were started step by step to be connected each other. The fraction was started to obtain a mixed status alike and the intercrystalline (creep) fraction part was started to increase.

TRANSFORMATION, BREAKING AND RUN-UP OF A LONG WAVE OF FINITE HEIGHT

On studying the transformation, breaking and run-up of a relatively steep wave of a short period, the theory for waves of permanent type has given us many fruitful results. However, the theory gradually loses its applicability as a wave becomes flat, since a considerable deformation of the wave profile is inevitable in its propagation. In § 1, a discussion concerning the transformation of a long wave in a channel of variable section is presented based on the non-linear shallow water theory. Approximate solutions obtained by G. B. Whitham's method (1958) are shown. Further, some brief considerations are given to the effects of bottom friction on wave transformation. In § 2, breaking of a long wave is discussed. Breakings on a uniformly sloping beach and on a beach of parabolic profile are considered and the effects of beach profile on breaking are clarified. Finally in § 3, experimental results on wave run-up over l/30 slope are described in comparing with the Kaplan's results.

Flexural Performance of Rubberized Concrete Panels Reinforced with Polymer Grid

The disposal of discarded tires is a problem of significant proportion. In the present experimental study, rubber produced from the granulation of discarded tires was used as an additive to replace certain portions of mineral aggregates in concrete. This rubberized concrete was used in making thin panels. A layer of polymer grid was used to reinforce the rubberized concrete panels. These panels were developed to study their performance in applications where the concrete could be subjected to flexure. Buildings constructed in areas with extreme wind pressures resulting from hurricanes or tornadoes are examples of structures that require concrete that can handle considerable deformation without failing catastrophically. Three different panel thicknesses, three different water-cement ratios, and three different rubber contents were the parameters evaluated in this study. All panels were loaded in bending with two equal loads applied at two equal distances from the supports. Test results showed that the flexural resistance of the panel increases with an increase in the thickness of the section, and with a reduction in the water-cement ratio of the concrete. The panels behaved in a ductile manner and there were no signs of brittle failure. Considerable deformation was measured during load application where loaded panels fractured but remained intact relying on the elongating polymer reinforcement. In addition to the lightweight properties, it was concluded that rubber concrete and polymer grid could be used as effective tools to impart ductility to the concrete and to control the mode and nature of the brittle failure of conventional concrete.

The Vibratory Stress Relief of Drill Pipe

Drill pipe is made from 35CrMnMo. The used drill pipes were curved, when they were aligned and deformed, there is high macro residual stress in the aligned used drill pipe. In active service, the macro residual stress releases and thus causes considerable deformation of the aligned used drill pipe. The vibratory stress relief is introduced to the aligned used drill pipe. The vibratory stress relief of the aligned used drill pipe was carried out. The mechanical properties of the aligned used drill pipe were measured before and after vibration. Seven points vibratory stresses were measured. The macro residual stress was measured before and after vibration. The macro residual stress decreased notably. The mechanical properties changed slightly. The vibratory wave is standing wave. The vibratory stress relief is valid for macro residual stress relieving of the aligned used drill pipe. The aligned used drill pipes were steady in latter active service. The mechanism of the macro residual stress relieving by vibration on the aligned used drill pipe is discussed. The “double-dynamic mechanism” is introduced to explain the course of macro residual stress relieving in the test.