Local knowledge based development. What can local governments do for it?

Local knowledge can be a strategy for coping with extreme events and adapting to climate change. In Mexico, extreme events and climate change projections suggest the urgency of promoting local adaptation policies and strategies. This paper provides an assessment of adaptation actions based on the local knowledge of coffee farmers in southern Mexico. The strategies include collective and individual adaptation actions that farmers have established. To determine their viability and impacts, carbon stocks and fluxes in the system’s aboveground biomass were projected, along with water balance variables. Stored carbon contents are projected to increase by more than 90%, while maintaining agroforestry systems will also help serve to protect against extreme hydrological events. Finally, the integration of local knowledge into national climate change adaptation plans is discussed and suggested with a local focus. We conclude that local knowledge can be successful in conserving agroecological coffee production systems.

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Local knowledge based perceptions on climate change and its impacts in the Rakaposhi valley of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan

International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management ◽

10.1108/ijccsm-05-2019-0024 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 222-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Laxmi Dutt Bhatta ◽

Erica Udas ◽

Babar Khan ◽

Anila Ajmal ◽

Roheela Amir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Human Health ◽

Local Knowledge ◽

Plant Distribution ◽

Precipitation Pattern ◽

Climate Data ◽

Local Perceptions ◽

Content Type ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Weather Stations

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand local perceptions on climate change and its impacts on biodiversity, rangeland, agriculture and human health. Design/methodology/approach A household survey with 300 interviewees and focus group discussions with key stakeholders were conducted and validated at two steps, using the climate data from the nearest weather stations and reviewing literatures, to correlate the local perceptions on climate change and its impacts. Findings Majority of the respondents reported an increase in temperature and change in the precipitation pattern with increased hazardous incidences such as floods, avalanches and landslides. Climate change directly impacted plant distribution, species composition, disease and pest infestation, forage availability, agricultural productivity and human health risks related to infectious vector-borne diseases. Research limitations/implications Because of the remoteness and difficult terrain, there are insufficient local weather stations in the mountains providing inadequate scientific data, thus requiring extrapolation from nearest stations for long-term climate data monitoring. Practical implications The research findings recommend taking immediate actions to develop local climate change adaptation strategies through a participatory approach that would enable local communities to strengthen their adaptive capacity and resilience. Social implications Local knowledge-based perceptions on climate change and its impacts on social, ecological and economic sectors could help scientists, practitioners and policymakers to understand the ground reality and respond accordingly through effective planning and implementing adaptive measures including policy formulation. Originality/value This research focuses on combining local knowledge-based perceptions and climate science to elaborate the impacts of climate change in a localised context in Rakaposhi Valley in Karakoram Mountains of Pakistan.

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Leveraging Smart and Sustainable Development via International Events: Insights from Bento Gonçalves Knowledge Cities World Summit

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13179937 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (17) ◽

pp. 9937

Author(s):

Larissa Diana Michelam ◽

Tatiana Tucunduva Philippi Cortese ◽

Tan Yigitcanlar ◽

Ana Cristina Fachinelli ◽

Leonardo Vils ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Local Knowledge ◽

Methodological Approach ◽

Structured Interview ◽

World Summit ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Local Actors ◽

Support Mechanisms ◽

International Knowledge ◽

International Events

During the last couple of decades, making cities smarter and more sustainable has become an important urban agenda. In this perspective, knowledge-based development is seen as a strategic approach for cities seeking to thrive through innovation and resilience. Accomplishing a knowledge-based development agenda is, however, challenging, and cities need support mechanisms to effectively develop and then incorporate such agendas into their decision-making processes. This study investigates the role of international events as one of these support mechanisms for the development and implementation of local knowledge-based development agendas. The study aims to address how international events contribute to the local knowledge-based development efforts. This study takes the Knowledge Cities World Summit (KCWS) series as the exemplar international event, and the Brazilian city of Bento Gonçalves as the case study city. The methodological approach of the study consists of semi-structured interview-based qualitative analysis and case study investigations. The findings of the study revealed the following: (a) international events can be fundamental drivers of local knowledge-based agendas; (b) these events contribute to host cities’ development, especially at an institutional level, by generating outcomes such as engagement in cooperation networks and leveraging local actors’ influence on the development process; and (c) KCWS was instrumental in placing the local university as a protagonist of the knowledge-based development movement of Bento Gonçalves. The study reported in this paper provides invaluable insights for cities seeking to use international knowledge-based development events for smart and sustainable city formation.

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Wisdom of Indigenous and Tacit Knowledge for Disaster Risk Reduction

Indonesian Journal of Geography ◽

10.22146/ijg.47321 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 52 (3) ◽

pp. 418

Author(s):

Furqan Ishak Aksa

Keyword(s):

Risk Reduction ◽

Tacit Knowledge ◽

Local Knowledge ◽

Knowledge Creation ◽

Disaster Risk Reduction ◽

Explicit Knowledge ◽

Disaster Risk ◽

Social Culture ◽

Types Of Knowledge ◽

Knowledge Based

This article aims to identify the types of knowledge needed in reducing the risk of disasters and challenges in applying knowledge. Based on the literature review, this article analyzes various kinds of knowledge, the process of knowledge creation, and the challenges of knowledge transmission. Basically, knowledge consists of explicit and tacit knowledge. In the context of disasters, most of the knowledge is tacit in individual local people (indigenous knowledge). Tacit knowledge can motivate someone to make decisions (act) when a disaster occurs. To be understood and disseminated to the wider community, tacit knowledge needs to be converted into explicit knowledge and scientifically validated. This article proposes the importance of integrating tacit knowledge in the form of local knowledge to become explicit knowledge so it can be widely used. Knowledge built in a bottom-up manner, which comes from local knowledge, is believed to be effective in disaster risk reduction. However, in some countries, the process of applying the knowledge is constrained by a fatalism that is influenced by social culture and religious beliefs.

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GOOD CORAL GOVERNANCE (INOVASI PENGELOLAAN TERUMBU KARANG) KABUPATEN WAKATOBI

Otoritas Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan ◽

10.26618/ojip.v2i2.50 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

La Radu ◽

Andi Luhur Prianto ◽

Muchlas M Tahir

Keyword(s):

Coral Reef ◽

Marine Protected Areas ◽

Local Knowledge ◽

Local Governments ◽

Innovation Management ◽

Reef Management ◽

Coral Reef Management ◽

Modern Knowledge ◽

State And Local ◽

And Control

The purpose of this study aims to determine the innovation management of coral reefs in the perspective of governance and to determine the factors supporting and inhibiting innovation coral reef management by local governments. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The results showed the involvement of stakeholders in transplanting corals and supervision in the field of conservation of marine protected areas, there is a match between local knowledge and modern knowledge. Supervision and control is carried out by the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries, Marine and Fisheries Agency well as the community watchdog group. Surveillance and monitoring operations have been allocated budgets of state and local budgets. Authority management refers to the laws, ministerial regulations , local regulations , village regulations and the values of local wisdom Tujuan penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui inovasi pengelolaan terumbu karang dalam persfektif tata kelola dan untuk mengetahui faktor pendukung dan penghambat dalam inovasi pengelolaan terumbu karang yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah daerah. Tipe penelitian ini deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keterlibatan para pemangku kepentingan dalam melakukan transplantasi karang dan pengawasan dibidang konservasi daerah perlindungan laut, terdapat kesesuaian antara pengetahuan lokal dan pengetahuan modern. Pengawasan dan pengendalian dilakukan oleh kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan, dinas kelautan dan perikanan serta kelompok masyarakat pengawas. Operasi pengawasan dan pemantauan mendapat alokasi anggaran dari APBN dan APBD. Otoritas pengelolaan mengacu kepada undang-undang, peraturan menteri, peraturan daerah, peraturan desa serta nilai-nilai kearifan lokal.

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Kansei Engineering for Quantification of Indigenous Knowledges in Agro-industrial Technology

KnE Life Sciences ◽

10.18502/kls.v3i3.380 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Mirwan Ushada ◽

Tsuyoshi Okayama

Keyword(s):

Indigenous Knowledge ◽

Local Knowledge ◽

Food Product ◽

Industrial Technology ◽

Kansei Engineering ◽

Technical Parameters ◽

Indigenous Knowledges ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Technology Product

The term of indigenous knowledge refers to specific local knowledge in consumer/user which should be incorporated by agro-industry to compete in a globalized worlds. This research highlighted Kansei Engineering as a potential approach to quantify indigenous knowledge in agro-industrial technology. The research objectives were: 1) To review the quantification tools of indigenous knowledges in agro-industrial technology using Kansei Engineering; 2) To characterize indigenous knowledges in Indonesian agro-industry. Case study was demonstrated in Indonesian food product, services and ergonomic technology. Quantification was characterized using widely developed quantification tools for indigenous knowledges. The research results concluded some indigenous knowledges which could be incorporated in indigenous knowledge-based innovations. Keywords: Agro-industry, Ergonomic technology, Product, Services, Technical parameters

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Innovation within the Context of Local Economic Development and Planning: Perspectives of City Practitioners

10.32920/14637906.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Selina Phan ◽

Evan Cleave ◽

Godwin Arku

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Development Strategy ◽

Local Governments ◽

Local Economic Development ◽

Development Strategies ◽

Major Theme ◽

Considerable Uncertainty ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Wide Range ◽

Economic Development Strategies

Although innovation is a major theme in current local economic development and planning, there is considerable uncertainty of what the concept specifically means, how it is measured, and how outcomes are identified. To date, no study has investigated this glaring gap in scholarship. To address this gap, we interviewed economic development practitioners across cities in Ontario to identify and clarify how they define, apply, and measure innovation within their cities’ economic development strategies. Practitioners indicate that innovation plays a key role in their cities’ economic development strategy, demonstrating the importance of the concept within local governments. Additionally, it is clear that local governments are key facilitators of innovation. While many cities claim to have some form of innovation in their economic development strategies, a wide range of framings and approaches to innovation exist. Cities may not be taking the most efficient approach to fostering local innovation, which is critical with the rise of knowledge-based economic development. Keywords cities; economic development; innovation; Ontario; policy; practitioners

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Contextualising knowledge–making in Linux user groups

First Monday ◽

10.5210/fm.v9i11.1187 ◽

2004 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yuwei Lin

Keyword(s):

Software Development ◽

Local Knowledge ◽

Expert Knowledge ◽

Innovation System ◽

Political Factors ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Economic Progress ◽

Social Interests ◽

Hands On ◽

User Groups

A common critique on free/libre open source software (FLOSS) is that FLOSS–oriented products, often mutated from or based on parallel works, are not really innovative. FLOSS’ development process and subsequent products (e.g. software packages, maintaining services, or the formation of user groups, etc.) definitely denote a kind of innovation driving our world towards a knowledge–based society. This perspective challenges the conventional notion of innovation in technological and economic arenas from a glocalised perspective. I argue that software development is not solely a matter of technical engineering or economic progress. Rather, it also involves cultural, social and political factors. Through interaction and negotiation, FLOSS innovation is embedded in the translation of problems and knowledge–sharing between user and designer, and between lay and expert. Narratives of Linux users groups (LUGs) show that the influence of local knowledge and tacit skills is very much in evidence in the FLOSS innovation system. Practices in LUGs denote the codification of local knowledge and its translation into more formalised and sophisticated expertise. This raises fundamental questions about whether institutional involvement should continue along its techno–economic route of relying entirely on specialists (programmers) to reach developmental decisions, or whether the process should be made more democratic by allowing a broader range of social interests to have some input into software development. In this paper, I demonstrate the values of local tinkering, soft skills and tacit knowledge in FLOSS innovation. I investigate how locally defined software problems and locally crafted solutions towards the problems are codified and translated into expert knowledge within FLOSS innovation through intense hands–on practices and ongoing debate. The process of translating local knowledge into formal expertise is analysed in light of data collected from the York Linux User Group (YLUG). While FLOSS is gaining unprecedented recognition at an accelerating pace, and more institutional resources are made available, noticeably from national agencies and industry, it is crucial to get a genuine picture of FLOSS development, on which this paper will shed some light.

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Participatory Mapping and Visualization of Local Knowledge: An Example from Eberbach, Germany

International Journal of Disaster Risk Science ◽

10.1007/s13753-020-00312-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carolin Klonner ◽

Tomás J. Usón ◽

Nicole Aeschbach ◽

Bernhard Höfle

Keyword(s):

Local Knowledge ◽

Local Governments ◽

Control Area ◽

Urban Flooding ◽

River Flooding ◽

Santiago De Chile ◽

Sketch Maps ◽

Major River ◽

Study Participants ◽

The City

Abstract A rise in the number of flood-affected people and areas has increased the interest in new methods and concepts that account for this change. Citizens are integrated into disaster risk reduction processes through participatory approaches and can provide valuable up-to-date local knowledge. During a field study in Eberbach (Baden–Wuerttemberg, Germany) sketch maps and questionnaires were used to capture local knowledge about flooding. Based on a previous study on urban flooding in Santiago de Chile, the tools were adapted and applied to river flooding in the city of Eberbach, which is regularly flooded by the Neckar River, a major river in southwest Germany. The empirical database of the study comprises 40 participants in the study area and 40 in a control area. Half of the participants in each group are residents and half are pedestrians. Purposive sampling was used, and the questionnaires aimed to gather demographic information and explore what factors, such as property, influence the risk perception of the study participants. The results show that residents identify a larger spatial area as at risk than pedestrians, and owning property leads to higher risk awareness. The flood type influenced the choice of the base maps for the sketch maps. For river flooding, one map with an overview of the area was sufficient, while for urban flooding a second map with more details of the area also enables the marking of small streets. The information gathered can complement authoritative data such as from flood models. This participatory approach also increases the communication and trust between local governments, researchers, and citizens.

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Organizing Joint Practices in Urban Food Initiatives—A Comparative Analysis of Gardening, Cooking and Eating Together

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12114457 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 4457 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin Hennchen ◽

Michael Pregernig

Keyword(s):

Time Management ◽

Local Governments ◽

Food Systems ◽

Setting Time ◽

Community Supported Agriculture ◽

Knowledge Based ◽

Development Agenda ◽

Recent Emergence ◽

Key Dimensions ◽

Community Kitchens

The topic of food is highly relevant to the UN sustainable development agenda. The agenda particularly challenges cities to take on more responsibilities and to initiate processes that change unsustainable food practices. The recent emergence of urban food initiatives, such as community-supported agriculture, urban gardening, food sharing or community kitchens, promises great potential in leveraging sustainability. Although a great deal of research is already available on the societal impacts of food initiatives, little is known about organizational aspects surrounding them. The following study aims to address this gap by systematically analyzing how joint practices of gardening as well as cooking and eating are organized in different urban food initiatives, taking five initiatives in two smaller cities in southern Germany as case studies. Data were acquired through qualitative research methods including interviewing, participatory observations and document analysis. The analysis covers five key dimensions: institutional integration, recruiting mechanisms, goal-setting, time management and types of knowledge. Based on these dimensions, the results portray two distinctive organizational profiles of urban food initiatives. The article concludes with a reflection on how local governments can support food initiatives and thus contribute to sustainable urban food systems.

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