scholarly journals Methylated Fatty Acids from Heartwood and Bark of Pinus sylvestris, Abies alba, Picea abies, and Larix decidua: Effect of Strong Acid Treatment

BioResources ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zidan Mohamed Salem ◽  
Ramadan A. Nasser ◽  
Aleš Zeidler ◽  
Hosam O. Elansary ◽  
Ibrahim M. Aref ◽  
...  
BioResources ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Zidan Mohamed Salem ◽  
Aleš Zeidler ◽  
Martin Böhm ◽  
Mervat E. A. Mohamed ◽  
Hayssam M. Ali

Author(s):  
А.С. Дурова ◽  
А.В. Жигунов

Улучшение агрохимических, физико-химических и биологических показателей почвы в результате внесения в почву биоугля в качестве мелиоранта доказано множеством исследований. Наиболее эффективным при выращивании сельскохозяйственных культур оказалось применение мелиоранта в дозах от 1 до 30 т/га биоугля. Однако вопрос о влияния биоугля на рост сеянцев хвойных пород в условиях закрытого грунта на искусственных субстратах в научной литературе затронут не был. Целью исследования была оценка влияния различных доз биоугля на развитие грибных инфекций и рост однолетних сеянцев, выращиваемых на торфяных субстратах в условиях теплиц летнего типа. Объектами исследования были семена и однолетние сеянцы ели обыкновенной (Picea abies (L.), Karst.), сосны обыкновенной (Pínus sylvéstris L.) и лиственницы европейской (Larix decidua Mill.). Биоуголь вносился в торфяной субстрат, в дозах 5 и 10 т/га. Оценка влияния различных доз биоугля на рост и развитие сеянцев проводилась по показателям всхожести семян, отпада сеянцев, степени грибного поражения сеянцев и динамики роста сеянцев. Полученные данные говорят о различном влиянии биоугля на показатели роста и развития сеянцев различных хвойных пород в теплицах. Наибольшее положительное влияние внесение биоугля оказало на рост и развитие сеянцев лиственницы. Внесение как 5, так и 10 т/га биоугля дало достоверное (в 2 и 1,5 раза соответственно) увеличение всхожести, а также увеличение биометрических параметров сеянцев высоты и массы побега. В условиях закрытого грунта создаются наиболее благоприятные условия для роста и развития сеянцев. Однако эти же условия благоприятны и для развития грибных инфекционных заболеваний сеянцев. Следует отметить достоверное снижение отпада и уменьшение грибного поражения сеянцев при внесении биоугля в опытах со всеми испытываемыми хвойными породами. Максимальный эффект был получен в варианте с внесением 10 т/га биоугля при выращивании сеянцев лиственницы. Количество пораженных грибными заболеваниями растений снизилось с 60% в контроле до 41% в опыте. Improvement of agrochemical, physical-chemical and biological performance of soil due to introduction of biochar as ameliorant has been proved by a great number of researches. Biochar doses of 1 to 30 t/ha are considered most effective in farm production. However the effect of biochar application on germinating ability of coniferous seeds and seedlings growing on man-made substrate in greenhouses has not been considered in literature yet. The objective of this study was to estimate the effects of different doses of biochar on the development of fungal infections and growth of one-year seedlings in containers with peat substrate in summer greenhouses. The study was carried out with seeds and seedlings of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.), Karst.), Scotch pine (Pínus sylvéstris L.) and European larch (Larix decidua Mill.). Biochar was added into peat substrate in doses of 5 and 10 t/h. The effect of different doses of biochar on growth and development of seedlings was estimated based on the germination index, seedlings fall value, extent of fungal disease development, and seedling growth dynamics. The results have shown that introduction of biocar produces different effects on growth rate and development of seedlings of different species. The highest positive effect was observed for growth and development of larch seedlings. Application of biochar in doses of 5 and 10 t/h resulted in significant 2- and 1.5-fold increase in germination, accordingly, and increment in biometric parameters (height and diameter) and mass of the seedlings. Greenhouses provide the most favorable conditions for growth of seedlings. However, the same conditions are favorable for the development of fungal infection as well. Application of biochar has decreased the fungal attack and, as a result, the fall of seedlings of all species. Application of biochar in the dose of 10 t/ha has produced the maximum effect on larch seedlings. The number of plants attacked by fungal disease has decreased from 60% in the control group without biochar to 41% in the experiment with biochar application.


2016 ◽  
Vol 140 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 560-560
Author(s):  
Stefan F. Wirth ◽  
Olivia Weis ◽  
Milan Pernek

Na nekoliko lokacija u Hrvatskoj (Nova Gradiška, Koprivnica, Gospić i Jastrebarsko) sa različitih vrsta drveća (Picea abies, Larix decidua i Pinus sylvestris) sakupljani su različiti stadiji ariševog potkornjaka, Ips cembrae i smrekinog pisara, Ips typographus te supstrat iz njihovih hodnika u svrhu sakupljana i identifikacije foretičkih grinja. Izravno sa tijela potkornjaka determinirano je 4 vrsta grinja: Iponemus gaebleri (Tarsenomidae), Histiostoma piceae (Astigmata, Histiostomatoidea), Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus (Gamasina) i Urobovella sp. (Uropodidae). Iponemus gaebleri bila je najčešća nađena vrsta kod obiju vrsta potkornjaka. Tri druge vtrste sakupljene su izravno iz hodničkih sustava. Istraživana su i mjesta spajanja foretičkih grinja s potkornjacima. Iponemus gaebleri i D. quadrisetus tako se najčešće nalaze na obronku zadka, dok se foretičke deutonimfe porodice Histiostomatidae obično nalaze na ventralnoj strani prsišta. Statističkom anlizom potvrđen je jasna preferencija I. gaebleri na I. cembrae. Mladi još nezreli kukci Ips cembrae, koji izlaze iz materinjih hodnika nose signifikantno više foretičkih grinja nego roditeljski. Ženke neidentifcirane vrste roda Histiostoma nađene su u hodnicima I. typographus. Grinje su uglavnom bile pokrivene s većim brojem neidentificiranim sporama gljiva iz skupine Ascomycota (Hypocreales). U radu se daje dihotomski ključ za identifikaciju larvi i protonimfi za porodicu Histiostomatidae.


2014 ◽  
Vol 65 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 175-178
Author(s):  
J. Hřib ◽  
B. Vooková

The megametophytes of <em>Picea abies</em>, <em>Pinus sylvestris</em>, <em>Pinus mugo</em> and <em>Larix decidua</em> were cultured on modified solid agar MS medium with 5 mg.l<sup>-1</sup> α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 0.1 mg.l<sup>-1</sup> 6-benzylaminopurine and exposed to a tester, the basidio-mycete <em>Phaeolus schweinitzii</em>. The megagametophytes of all tested species showed defense reactions manifested by inhibition of mycelial growth. The weakest defense reactions were shown by the megagametophytes of <em>Picea abies</em> and <em>Larix decidua</em>. The strongest defense reactions were found in <em>Pinus sylvestris</em> and <em>Pinus mugo</em> megagametophytes.


2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (9) ◽  
pp. 2338-2342
Author(s):  
Mariana Popescu ◽  
Diana Puiu ◽  
Anca Daniela Raiciu

The study describes the composition of volatile oils obtained by steam distillation of water fir (Abies alba), pine (Pinus sylvestris), juniper (Juniperus communis), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), sage (Salvia officinalis), and coriander (Coriandrum sativum) using the gas chromatography technique coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Chromatographic profile revealed the presence of specific components for each studied volatile oil. It noted the presence of a and b- pinene in all volatile oils studied at different concentrations. Volatile oils studied, from green sources and rich in a, b-pinene will be used as raw materials for creating products with anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, bronchodilators properties.


Author(s):  
Basel Shaaban ◽  
Victoria Seeburger ◽  
Annette Schroeder ◽  
Gertrud Lohaus

AbstractHoneydew honey is produced by bees from excretions of plant-feeding insects, such as aphids and scale insects. Honeydew on conifers, like fir (Abies alba) or spruce (Picea abies), is produced by different species of the genera Cinara and Physokermes. This means that honeydew honey can stem from different botanical as well as zoological origins, but so far it is not possible to clearly distinguish the different types of honeys. In the attempt to identify distinguishing markers, 19 sugars, 25 amino acids and 9 inorganic ions were quantified in three groups of honeydew honey (fir/Cinara, spruce/Cinara and spruce/Physokermes) with 20 honey samples each. It could be demonstrated that the contents of isomaltose, raffinose, erlose, two undefined oligosaccharides, several amino acids, sulfate, and phosphate differed significantly between the three groups of honey. Furthermore, multivariate analyses resulted in a separation of spruce/Physokermes honey from spruce- or fir/Cinara honey due to its higher contents of phosphate, sulfate, erlose and two undefined oligosaccharides. Moreover, the amino acid composition and the isomaltose as well as the raffinose contents proved useful in the distinction between fir/Cinara and spruce/Cinara honey. In sum, the contents of sugars, amino acids, and inorganic ions in German fir and spruce honeys provide useful information about the botanical and zoological origin of honeydew honeys.


2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza Amine ◽  
Yacir Benomar ◽  
Mohammed Taouis

AbstractSaturated fatty acids such as palmitic acid promote inflammation and insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, contrasting with the protective action of polyunsaturated fatty acids such docosahexaenoic acid. Palmitic acid effects have been in part attributed to its potential action through Toll-like receptor 4. Beside, resistin, an adipokine, also promotes inflammation and insulin resistance via TLR4. In the brain, palmitic acid and resistin trigger neuroinflammation and insulin resistance, but their link at the neuronal level is unknown. Using human SH-SY5Yneuroblastoma cell line we show that palmitic acid treatment impaired insulin-dependent Akt and Erk phosphorylation whereas DHA preserved insulin action. Palmitic acid up-regulated TLR4 as well as pro-inflammatory cytokines IL6 and TNFα contrasting with DHA effect. Similarly to palmitic acid, resistin treatment induced the up-regulation of IL6 and TNFα as well as NFκB activation. Importantly, palmitic acid potentiated the resistin-dependent NFkB activation whereas DHA abolished it. The recruitment of TLR4 to membrane lipid rafts was increased by palmitic acid treatment; this is concomitant with the augmentation of resistin-induced TLR4/MYD88/TIRAP complex formation mandatory for TLR4 signaling. In conclusion, palmitic acid increased TLR4 expression promoting resistin signaling through TLR4 up-regulation and its recruitment to membrane lipid rafts.


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