Inspecting the properties of polypropylene/ poplar wood flour composites with microcrystalline cellulose and starch powder addition

Biocomposites composed of polypropylene (PP) poplar wood flour (WF) (0% and 20%), microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) (0%, 2%, and 6%), and starch powder (SP) (0%, 5%, and 10%) were examined. The mechanical, physical, biodegradability, and morphological properties were assessed. The mechanical properties, water absorption (WA), thickness swelling (TS), and biodegradability were improved by adding WF to PP. By increasing MCC and SP, the composite modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile modulus, WA, TS, and biodegradability increased. The tensile strength increased by increasing MCC, while the opposite was true for SP. An increase in WA and TS of composite, would decrease static contact angle. The morphological studies indicated that by adding MCC and SP, the composite stress transfer and distribution ability and structural bonding of the composite improved. By increasing the biodegradability and reducing the sample weights, the extent of surface degradability increased.

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Impact of hybrid nanosilica and nanoclay on the properties of palm rachis-reinforced recycled linear low-density polyethylene composites

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials ◽

10.1177/0892705720944213 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 089270572094421

Author(s):

Wagih Abdel Alim Sadik ◽

Abdel Ghaffar Maghraby El Demerdash ◽

Rafik Abbas ◽

Alaa Bedir

Keyword(s):

Tensile Modulus ◽

Stress Transfer ◽

Microscopy Study ◽

Hybrid Nanoparticles ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Low Density ◽

Linear Low Density Polyethylene ◽

Plastic Composite ◽

Blending Method

The main goal of this work was to assess the technical feasibility of palm rachis (PR) as a reinforcing agent in the production of wood–plastic composites. Recycled linear low-density polyethylene/PR fiber composites were prepared at constant content (3 phc (per hundred compounds)) of maleic anhydride-grafted polyethylene as compatibilizer by melt blending method utilizing a two-roll mill and compression molding. The effect of nanosilica (NS), nanoclay (NC), and hybrid nanoparticles (NSNC) at different concentrations (2, 4, and 6 phc) on mechanical, physical, thermal, and morphological properties was investigated. The results of mechanical properties measurements demonstrated that when 6 phc NS, 4 phc NC, and 4 phc NSNC were added, tensile, modulus strength, and hardness reached their optimum values. At a high level of NC loading (6 phc), the increased populace of NC layers led to agglomeration and stress transfer gets restricted. Elongation at break and Izod impact strength were decreased by the incorporation of different nanoparticles. Water absorption and thickness swelling of prepared composites were found to decrease on the incorporation of NS and NC. In addition, the thermal stability showed slightly improved by the addition of nanoparticles, but there are no perceptible changes in the values of melting temperature by increasing the content of NS and NC or NSNC. Scanning electron microscopy study approved the good interaction of the PR fibers with the polymer matrix as well as the effectiveness of NS and NC in the improvement of the interaction. The finding indicated that wood–plastic composite treated by NS had the highest properties than other composites.

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Nanographene’s influence on a recycled high-density polyethylene/poplar wood flour nanocomposite

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.15.1.1233-1251 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 1233-1251

Author(s):

Jafar Ghaje Beigloo ◽

Habibollah Khademi Eslam ◽

Amir Hooman Hemmasi ◽

Behzad Bazyar ◽

Ismaeil Ghasemi

Keyword(s):

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

High Density ◽

Poplar Wood ◽

Thickness Swelling ◽

Plastic Composites ◽

Microscope Images ◽

Recycled Polyethylene ◽

Scanning Electron

The effect of nanographene amount was evaluated relative to the physical, mechanical, thermal, and morphological features of wood-plastic composites. Composites were prepared using recycled polyethylene (high-density polyethylene), nanographene, and wood-flour. The amount of 80% of polymer matrix and 20% of wood flour, and nanographene at four weight levels of 0.5%, 1.5%, and 2.5%, were used. An internal mixture was utilized for making the samples. The results showed that with the 0.5 wt% increase of the amount of nanographene, the tensile and flexural strengths, the flexural and tensile modulus and the notched impact strength composite increased. With the addition of 2.5 wt% nanographene, these properties decreased. With the increase of the level of nanographene by 2.5 wt%, water absorption and the thickness swelling of the composite decreased. With the increase of the level of nanographene, the level of residue ash and thermal stability also increased. Scanning electron microscope images showed that the samples with 0.5 wt% nanographene had less holes and a smoother surface compared to the other samples.

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Wood plastic composites from poly(propylene carbonate) and poplar wood flour – Mechanical, thermal and morphological properties

European Polymer Journal ◽

10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2013.11.008 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 51 ◽

pp. 167-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 30

Author(s):

Benjamin Nörnberg ◽

Endres Borchardt ◽

Gerrit A. Luinstra ◽

Jörg Fromm

Keyword(s):

Propylene Carbonate ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Poplar Wood ◽

Wood Plastic Composites ◽

Plastic Composites ◽

Poly Propylene

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Mechanical, Thermal, and Morphological Properties of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly(lactic acid/Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) Blends

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.970.312 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 970 ◽

pp. 312-316

Author(s):

Sujaree Tachaphiboonsap ◽

Kasama Jarukumjorn

Keyword(s):

Lactic Acid ◽

Impact Strength ◽

Interfacial Adhesion ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Thermoplastic Starch ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Poly Lactic Acid ◽

Melt Blending ◽

Elongation At Break ◽

Blending Method

Thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA) blend and thermoplastic starch (TPS)/poly (lactic acid) (PLA)/poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) blend were prepared by melt blending method. PLA grafted with maleic anhydride (PLA-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to improve the compatibility of the blends. As TPS was incorporated into PLA, elongation at break was increased while tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength were decreased. Tensile properties and impact properties of TPS/PLA blend were improved with adding PLA-g-MA indicating the enhancement of interfacial adhesion between PLA and TPS. With increasing PBAT content, elongation at break and impact strength of TPS/PLA blends were improved. The addition of TPS decreased glass transition temperature (Tg), crystallization temperature (Tc), and melting temperature (Tm) of PLA. Tgand Tcof TPS/PLA blend were decreased by incorporating PLA-g-MA. However, the presence of PBAT reduced Tcof TPS/PLA blend. Thermal properties of TPS/PLA/PBAT blends did not change with increasing PBAT content. SEM micrographs revealed that the compatibilized TPS/PLA blends exhibited finer morphology when compared to the uncompatibilized TPS/PLA blend.

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Chemical Modifications of Continuous Aramid Fiber for Wood Flour/High-Density-Polyethylene Composites with Improved Interfacial Bonding

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13020236 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 236

Author(s):

Wanyu Liu ◽

Yue Li ◽

Shunmin Yi ◽

Limin Wang ◽

Haigang Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Density Polyethylene ◽

Wood Flour ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

High Density ◽

Aramid Fiber ◽

Chemical Modifications ◽

Plastic Composites ◽

Vinyl Triethoxysilane ◽

Extrusion Method ◽

Polyethylene Composites

To expand the use of wood plastic composites in the structural and engineering constructions applications, continuous aramid fiber (CAF) with nondestructive modification was incorporated as reinforcement material into wood-flour and high-density-polyethylene composites (WPC) by extrusion method with a special die. CAF was treated with dopamine (DPA), vinyl triethoxysilane (VTES), and DPA/VTES, respectively. The effects of these modifications on compatibility between CAF and WPCs and the properties of the resulting composites were explored. The results showed that compared with the original CAF, the adhesion strength of DPA and VTES combined modified CAF and WPCs increased by 143%. Meanwhile, compared with pure WPCs, CAF after modification increased the tensile strength, tensile modulus, and impact strength of the resulting composites by 198, 92, and 283%, respectively.

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Mechanical and morphological properties of modified halloysite nanotube filled ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer nanocomposites

Journal of Polymer Engineering ◽

10.1515/polyeng-2017-0075 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 38 (3) ◽

pp. 271-279 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Suvendu Padhi ◽

P. Ganga Raju Achary ◽

Nimai C. Nayak

Keyword(s):

Vinyl Acetate ◽

Tensile Modulus ◽

Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽

Crosslinking Density ◽

Weight Percent ◽

Halloysite Nanotubes ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Casting Method ◽

Solution Casting Method ◽

Acetate Copolymer

AbstractHalloysite nanotubes (HNTs) were modified by γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS) as it interacts with the aluminol and silanol groups of HNTs present at the edges and surfaces of HNTs. The polymer composites were prepared by means of the solution casting method with ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer having 45% vinyl acetate (VA) content with different weight percent of modified HNTs (m-HNTs). The modification of the HNTs by γ-MPS increases the interfacial and inter-tubular interactions and the degree of dispersion of the HNTs within the EVA matrix which manifest from increase in crosslinking density. The mechanical properties such as tensile strength, tensile modulus and tear strength of nanocomposites were found to increase because of m-HNT. The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the crystalline percentage decreases for EVA/m-HNT nanocomposites were due to the strong interaction between EVA matrix and filler. Also, the EVA/m-HNT nanocomposites exhibited better thermal stability due to the strong inter-tubular interaction.

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Correlation between electrical and morphological properties of canine pyloric circular muscle

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.1991.260.3.g390 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 260 (3) ◽

pp. G390-G398 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

F. Vogalis ◽

S. M. Ward ◽

K. M. Sanders

Keyword(s):

Single Cells ◽

Electrical Coupling ◽

Circular Muscle ◽

Muscle Layer ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Morphological Examination ◽

Isolated Cells ◽

Time Constants ◽

Morphological Studies ◽

Cable Properties

Electrical slow waves decay in amplitude as they conduct from the myenteric to the submucosal regions of the circular muscle layer in the canine pyloric sphincter. We used the partitioned chamber method to study the passive and active properties of pyloric muscles, and we found that length constants of circular muscles of myenteric region were significantly longer than muscles near the submucosal surface. These data suggested differences in either membrane resistance, junctional resistance, or cytoplasmic resistance. The first parameter was evaluated by measuring time constants in intact tissues and single cells isolated from the submucosal and myenteric regions. Membrane time constants were not different in the two regions, nor were differences found in the input resistances of isolated cells. Morphological studies failed to demonstrate differences in cell diameters in the two regions suggesting that cytoplasmic resistances are similar. These findings suggest that the different cable properties in the two regions may be due to differences in electrical coupling. Morphological examination revealed similar numbers of gap junctions between cells in the two regions, but large differences were noted in the size of muscular bundles. Muscles of the myenteric region were arranged into large, tightly packed bundles, whereas muscles of the submucosal region consisted of small bundles with an extensive extracellular space filled with connective tissue. We suggest that the difference in cable properties may be due to differences in electrical coupling between bundles. These data suggest that submucosal muscles function more like a multiunit smooth muscle, whereas myenteric muscles behave as a single unit.

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Injection-Molded Parts of Partially Biobased Polyamide 610 and Biobased Halloysite Nanotubes

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym12071503 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 1503 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

David Marset ◽

Celia Dolza ◽

Teodomiro Boronat ◽

Nestor Montanes ◽

Rafael Balart ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tensile Modulus ◽

Halloysite Nanotubes ◽

Morphological Properties ◽

Inorganic Filler ◽

Initial Value ◽

Noticeable Improvement ◽

Molded Parts ◽

Twin Screw ◽

Injection Molded ◽

Biobased Content

This works focuses on the development of environmentally friendly composites with a partially biobased polyamide 610 (PA610), containing 63% biobased content, and a natural inorganic filler at the nanoscale, namely, halloysite nanotubes (HNTs). PA610 composites containing 10, 20, and 30 wt% HNTs were obtained by melt extrusion in a twin screw co-rotating extruder. The resulting composites were injection-molded for further characterization. The obtained materials were characterized to obtain reliable data about their mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties. The effect of the HNTs wt% on these properties was evaluated. From a mechanical standpoint, the addition of 30 wt% HNTs gave an increase in tensile modulus of twice the initial value, thus verifying how this type of natural load provides increased stiffness on injection molded parts. The materials prepared with HNTs slightly improved the thermal stability, while a noticeable improvement on thermomechanical resistance over a wide temperature range was observed with increasing HNTs content. The obtained results indicate that high biobased content composites can be obtained with an engineering thermoplastic, i.e., PA610, and a natural inorganic nanotube-shaped filler, i.e., HNTs, with balanced mechanical properties and attractive behavior against high temperature.

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