scholarly journals Optimization of pretreating poplar wood shavings with cellulase to produce binderless fiberboard using response surface methodology

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 6431-6441
Author(s):  
Jianguo Wu ◽  
Yuanyuan Wang ◽  
Zhao Zhang ◽  
Xuanxian Luo ◽  
Chi Wang ◽  
...  

Wood processing waste, poplar wood shavings, were used for fiberboard production, and the pretreatment conditions using cellulase were studied using response surface methodology (RSM). After single factors optimization, central level of temperature, dosage, and liquid/solid ratio (LSR) of cellulase pretreatment conditions were obtained. Further optimization to study the influence of the factors was carried out using Box-Behnken design of experiments. A second-order polynomial equation was obtained, and the low p-value (<0.007) implied that the model was highly significant by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The optimized cellulase pretreatment conditions for maximum bending strength (BS) of the fiberboard were determined by ridge analysis as 44.4 °C of temperature, 1.23 U/g of dosage, 4.2 of LSR, and 5 h of pretreatment time. Under the optimized conditions, the BS of the fiberboard reached 25.12 ± 0.35 MPa by validation experiment, which was twice that of the fiberboard without pretreatment. Thus, the cellulase pretreatment should be a good choice to produce high-strength binderless fiberboard.

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Agus Prasetya ◽  
Halomoan Siagian ◽  
Felix Arie Setiawan ◽  
Himawan Tri Bayu Murti Petrus, S.T., M.E, D.Eng.

Merbau (Intsia bijuga) and matoa (Pometia pinnata J.R. Forster & J.G Forster) are two amongst many prominent biomass sources from West Papua, Indonesia. With their versatile characteristics, merbau and matoa wood are used in many industries such as furniture, music instrument, and many other specialty products. However, wood processing industries can emit up to 60% of the residue. In this study, the usage of both merbau and matoa sawdust wastes as solid fuel was studied using response surface methodology (RSM). merbau and matoa sawdust are sieved to get the desired particle size (-20+50 mesh). Two kinds of the sawdust are then mixed in various compositions (70, 50, and 30% merbau).  The mixed sawdust is then mixed with varied sticky starch solutions (1, 5, and 10%) to be formed in pellets with various moulding compression force (50, 100, and 150 kg/cm²). The pellets are then analyzed for its characteristics such as ash, moisture contents, and calorific value to be compared with its initial conditions. A full three-level factorial design under RSM was applied to explain the correlation between independent and dependent variables. The results show that statistically, merbau content, binder content, and compressive force showed relatively significant effects on the studied responses (ash content, moisture content, and calorific value). In addition, ANOVA analysis proved that each variable has significant effects on the responses that are confirmed by practically zero P-value. The coefficient of determinations (R²) are all above 0.96 and the normal probability plots confirm that the proposed models adequate the experimental results.Keywords: biomass waste; densification; merbau; matoa; RSM A B S T R A KMerbau (Intsia bijuga) dan matoa (Pometia pinnata Forster) adalah dua di antara sumber biomassa potensial yang berasal dari Papua Barat, Indonesia. Dengan karakteristiknya yang serbaguna, merbau dan matoa digunakan di banyak industri seperti furnitur, alat musik, dan banyak produk khusus lainnya. Namun, industri pengolahan kayu dapat menghasilkan hingga 60% residu. Di Pada penelitian ini, pemanfaatan limbah serbuk gergaji merbau dan matoa sebagai bahan bakar padat dipelajari dengan menggunakan response surface method (RSM). Serbuk gergaji merbau dan matoa diayak untuk mendapatkan ukuran partikel yang diinginkan (-20+50 mesh). Dua jenis serbuk gergaji kemudian dicampur dalam berbagai komposisi (70, 50, dan 30% merbau). Serbuk gergaji yang sudah tercampur kemudian dicampur dengan bahan perekat yang bervariasi larutan pati (1, 5, dan 10%) untuk dibentuk dalam pelet dengan berbagai gaya tekan cetakan (50, 100, dan 150 kg/cm²). Pelet kemudian dianalisis karakteristiknya seperti abu, kadar air, dan nilai kalor untuk dibandingkan dengan kondisi awalnya. Sebuah desain RSM tiga faktorial penuh diterapkan untuk menjelaskan korelasi antara variabel independen dan variabel terikat. Secara statistik, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar merbau, kadar pengikat, dan gaya tekan menunjukkan efek yang relatif signifikan pada respons yang dipelajari (abu kadar air, kadar air, dan nilai kalor). Selain itu, analisis ANOVA membuktikan bahwa masing-masing variabel memiliki efek signifikan pada tanggapan yang dikonfirmasi oleh nilai P yang mendekati nol. Koefisien determinasi (R²) seluruhnya berada di atas 0,96 dan grafik probabilitas normal mengonfirmasi bahwa model yang diusulkan cukup sesuai dengan hasil eksperimen.Kata kunci: limbah biomassa; densifikasi; merbau; matoa; RSM


Author(s):  
Vikas D Singhai ◽  
Rahul Maheshwari ◽  
Swapnil Sharma ◽  
Sarvesh Paliwal

Background: Heart attack predominantly occurs during the last phase of sleep and early morning hours, causing millions of death worldwide. Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) is recommended drug for the prevention of heart disease but its long action (>4 h) dosage form is lacking in the commercial market and development of extended-release formulation may have industrial significance. Regulatory agencies emphasize Quality by Design based approach for product development to entrust quality in the product. Objective: Aim of the current research was to develop a quality product profile of HCTZ modified-release tablets (MRT; ~14 h) by applying Response Surface Methodology using computational QbD approach. Methods: Three independent factors were identified by qualitative and quantitative risk assessment. Statistical terms like p-value, lack of fit, sum of square, R-squared value, model F value and linear equations were determined. Graphical tools like normal plot of residual, residual vs predicted plot and box cox plot were used to verify model selection. Graphical relationship among the critical, independent variables was represented using the Contour plot and 3-D surface plot. Design space was identified by designing overlay plot using response surface design. Results: Excellent correlation was observed between actual and predicted values. Similarity Factor (F2) of reproducible trials was 78 and 79 and content uniformity was 100.9% and 100.4%. Average weight, hardness, thickness, diameter and friability were within acceptable limits. Conclusions: QbD approach along with quality risk management tool provided an efficient and effective paradigm to build quality MRT of HCTZ.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117862212110281
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Mahmoud ◽  
Nouran Y. Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed K. Mostafa ◽  
Mohamed S. Mahmoud

Tannery industrial effluent is one of the most difficult wastewater types since it contains a huge concentration of organic, oil, and chrome (Cr). This study successfully prepared and applied bimetallic Fe/Cu nanoparticles (Fe/Cu NPs) for chrome removal. In the beginning, the Fe/Cu NPs was equilibrated by pure aqueous chrome solution at different operating conditions (lab scale), then the nanomaterial was applied in semi full scale. The operating conditions indicated that Fe/Cu NPs was able to adsorb 68% and 33% of Cr for initial concentrations of 1 and 9 mg/L, respectively. The removal occurred at pH 3 using 0.6 g/L Fe/Cu dose, stirring rate 200 r/min, contact time 20 min, and constant temperature 20 ± 2ºC. Adsorption isotherm proved that the Khan model is the most appropriate model for Cr removal using Fe/Cu NPs with the minimum error sum of 0.199. According to khan, the maximum uptakes was 20.5 mg/g Cr. Kinetic results proved that Pseudo Second Order mechanism with the least possible error of 0.098 indicated that the adsorption mechanism is chemisorption. Response surface methodology (RSM) equation was developed with a significant p-value = 0 to label the relations between Cr removal and different experimental parameters. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were performed with a structure of 5-4-1 and the achieved results indicated that the effect of the dose is the most dominated variable for Cr removal. Application of Fe/Cu NPs in real tannery wastewater showed its ability to degrade and disinfect organic and biological contaminants in addition to chrome adsorption. The reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), Cr, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and oil reached 61.5%, 49.5%, 44.8%, 100%, 38.9%, 96.3%, 88.7%, and 29.4%, respectively.


Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1741
Author(s):  
Xin Sun ◽  
Jialing Vivien Chua ◽  
Quynh Anh Le ◽  
Francisco Trujillo ◽  
Mi-Hwa Oh ◽  
...  

The response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) technique were used to optimize the three key process parameters (i.e., pressure, temperature and holding time) of the high-hydrostatic-pressure (HHP) processing either standalone or combined with moderate thermal processing to modulate molecular structures of β-lactoglobulin (β-Lg) and α-lactalbumin (α-La) with reduced human IgE-reactivity. The RSM model derived for HHP-induced molecular changes of β-Lg determined immunochemically showed that temperature (temp), pressure (p2) and the interaction between temperature and time (t) had statistically significant effects (p < 0.05). The optimal condition defined as minimum (β-Lg specific) IgG-binding derived from the model was 505 MPa at 56 °C with a holding time of 102 min (R2 of 0.81 and p-value of 0.01). The validation carried at the optimal condition and its surrounding region showed that the model to be underestimating the β-Lg structure modification. The molecular change of β-Lg was directly correlated with HHP-induced dimerization in this study, which followed a quadratic equation. The β-Lg dimers also resulted in the undetectable human IgE-binding.


Author(s):  
Santi Pumkrachang

The ultraviolet (UV) curing of slider-suspension attachment is going to change from a manual to an automated process. As a result, the bonding parameters of adhesive between slider and suspension needs to be optimized. This paper aims to study two output responses of the UV curable epoxy adhesive i.e., shear strength force and pitch static attitude (PSA) of the joint between slider and suspension in a head gimbal assembly (HGA). Four process parameters were investigated using response surface methodology (RSM) based on face-centered central composite design (FCCD). The RSM was applied to establish a mathematical model to correlate the significance of process parameters and the responses. Then the based multi-objective was applied to determine a quadratic model and obtained the output maximization at 224 g of shear strength force and PSA value close to the target at 1.8 degrees. The input process parameters were optimized at 0.7 s of UV bottom cure time, 120 °C of UV dual side temperature, 5.0 s of UV dual side cure time, and 230 μm of adhesive dot size. The validation experiment showed a prediction response error of less than 7% of the actual value.


2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (8) ◽  
pp. 1639-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
TAN PHAT DAO ◽  
THIEN HIEN TRAN ◽  
Duy Trinh Nguyen ◽  
Duy Chinh Nguyen ◽  
Dai Hai Nguyen ◽  
...  

Pomelo leaves oil has many applications regarding hair nourishment and stimulation. Recently, new methods of extracting essential oil used have been increasingly developed to replace traditional methods. In this research, maximization of essential oils yield from Citrus grandis was studied by the combination of microwave assisted hydro-distillation (MAHD) and response surface methodology (RSM). We found that the maximum essential oil yield was 0.3197 % with 91.3 % desirability corresponding to factors such as material and water ratiosof 3.04:1, extraction time at 62.76 min and microwave power of 482.17 W. ANOVA analysis for quadratic model also gives favourable outcome including the high determination coefficient (R2 = 0.9443), significant F-value and p-value of coefficients. All these values indicate that this model is significant between experimental and predicted variables.


2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 537-542 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jaisamut ◽  
L. Paulová ◽  
P. Patáková ◽  
M. Rychtera ◽  
K. Melzoch

Alkali pretreatment of wheat straw was optimized by response surface methodology to maximize yields of fermentable sugars in subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis and to remove maximum lignin in order to improve rheological attributes of the media. The effects of pretreatment conditions on biomass properties were studied using the Expert Designer software. Concentration of sodium hydroxide and temperature were the factors most affecting pretreatment efficiency. At the optimum (80&deg;C, 39 min, 0.18 g NaOH and 0.06 g lime per g of raw biomass), 93.1 &plusmn; 1.0% conversion of cellulose to glucose after enzymatic hydrolysis and 80.3 &plusmn; 1.2% yield of monosaccharides (glucose plus xylose and arabinose) from cellulose and hemicellulose of wheat straw were achieved.


2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (9) ◽  
pp. 1999-2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayed Mohammad Bagher Hosseini ◽  
Narges Fallah ◽  
Sayed Javid Royaee

This study evaluates the advanced oxidation process for decolorization of real textile dyeing wastewater containing azo and disperse dye by TiO2 and UV radiation. Among effective parameters on the photocatalytic process, effects of three operational parameters (TiO2 concentration, initial pH and aeration flow rate) were examined with response surface methodology. The F-value (136.75) and p-value &lt;0.0001 imply that the model is significant. The ‘Pred R-Squared’ of 0.95 is in reasonable agreement with the ‘Adj R-Squared’ of 0.98, which confirms the adaptability of this model. From the quadratic models developed for degradation and subsequent analysis of variance (ANOVA) test using Design Expert software, the concentration of catalyst was found to be the most influential factor, while all the other factors were also significant. To achieve maximum dye removal, optimum conditions were found at TiO2 concentration of 3 g L−1, initial pH of 7 and aeration flow rate of 1.50 L min−1. Under the conditions stated, the percentages of dye and chemical oxygen demand removal were 98.50% and 91.50%, respectively. Furthermore, the mineralization test showed that total organic compounds removal was 91.50% during optimum conditions.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Olivares-Ramírez ◽  
Leticia López-Zamora ◽  
M.J. Peña-Juárez ◽  
E.J. Gutiérrez-Castañeda ◽  
J.A. Gonzalez-Calderon

Abstract The present work shows the implementation of the Response Surface Methodology (RSM), fed by an experimental Central Composite Design (CCD) to find the conditions that allow maximizing the inhibition of the microorganism Staphylococcus aureus with nanoparticles of TiO2 silanized with 3-Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and doped with Ag. In addition, Poly(lactic) acid composites were prepared with these Ag/TiO2 nanoparticles with the aim to confer their antimicrobial effect. The independent variables considered were pH, AgNO3/TiO2 ratio (% w/w), and TiO2 nanoparticles concentration (g/250 mL), and as the variable of response, the length of the diameter of the halo or zone of inhibition presented by the microorganism (mm). Statistical analysis found that maximization of S. aureus inhibition occurs at intermediate levels with a value of 10 for pH and 5 g of TiO2 solids, while for the concentration of AgNO3 high levels are required, greater than 10% w/w. Likewise, the statistical significance was determined using the Student's t-test and the p-value; it was found that the significant effect corresponds to the concentration of AgNO3, so a second experimental CCD design equirradial with two factors was considered, estimating AgNO3 concentration and TiO2 amount, the pH at constant 10 value. The second experimental design indicated that maximization in S. aureus inhibition occurs at an AgNO3 concentration between 20-25% w/w with high amounts of TiO2 solids (7-8 g), with a resulting zone of inhibition between 26-28 mm. The quadratic model obtained, which represents the relationship between the length of the zone of inhibition with the variables considered, shows an adjustment of experimental data with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.82.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Tan Phat Dao ◽  
Ngo Thi Cam Quyen ◽  
Tran Thi Yen Nhi ◽  
Chi Cuong Nguyen ◽  
Trung Thanh Nguyen ◽  
...  

Abstract Essential oil extraction technique from mandarin pixie peels by hydro-distillation is optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Mathematical techniques were used in experimental design to evaluate the impacts of factors that affect the extraction process and improve the yield of the extraction process. A central mixed design based on influencing variables such as water ratio (3–5 mL/g), temperature (110–130 °C) and extraction time (90–150 min) was adopted with essential oil yield as the target function. Correlation analysis of the mathematical regression model showed that the quadratic polynomial model can be used to optimize hydro-distillation of pixie mandarin oil. The results showed that under the optimum extraction conditions, the highest quantity of essential oils was achieved (7.28 mL/100 g materials). In terms of statistical analysis, the significance levels (p-value <0.05) of the model showed that the experimental results had a good impact between factors. The coefficient of determination indicating the match between the experimental value and the predicted value of the model was high (R2>0.9). The chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry, revealing the dominance of limonene content (97.667%), which implies that the essential oil of pixie mandarin could be an alternative source of limonene.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document