scholarly journals Digestive involvement in Long- COVID syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alina M. Bogariu ◽  
Dan L. Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Liver Enzymes ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Search Terms

Background and aim. The SARS-CoV-2 infection which caused a worldwide epidemic was considered first a lung disease. Later on, it was found that the disease caused by this virus, SARS-CoV-2, can affect most organs, including the digestive system. The long-term effects of this infection are now progressively detected and called Long-COVID. This review aims is to present the updated knowledge of the digestive sequelae after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods. A search was performed in the main medical literature databases. The following search terms were used: long-covid, gastrointestinal or gastric sequelae SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19. Data on gastrointestinal symptoms after 12 weeks were collected and presented. Observational studies were included. Studies that focus only on acute COVID-19 infection (<4 weeks) were excluded. Results. The main symptoms that can occur in the long term are: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, along with increased liver enzymes. Patients with chronic diseases have a higher risk of developing long-term sequelae, but it is not documented that digestive sequelae are influenced by the presence of chronic diseases. Conclusions. The SARS-CoV-2 virus can affect any part of the digestive system not only in the acute infection phase but also for longer time, leaving long-term sequelae.

scholarly journals Digestive involvement in COVID-19: what we have learned in the past 12 months

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Posmag ◽  
Liliana David ◽  
Dan L. Dumitrascu
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Digestive System ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Gastrointestinal Involvement ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Relationship

Background and aim. The year 2020 will remain in the medical history as the year of COVID-19 pandemic. Although COVID-19 is considered mainly a respiratory disease, it is well known now that SARS-CoV-2 can affect major organs including the digestive system. This is a comprehensive review on gastrointestinal involvement in the SARS-CoV-2 infection, also the digestive damage due to COVID-19. Methods. A literature search was undertaken in main databases of medical publications following the search items digestive or gastrointestinal or gastric or enteral and SARS-CoV-2 or COVID-19.  Data on gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations in this viral condition were collected and presented. Only observational studies were included. Results. In this review we discuss the recent information on the relationship between COVID-19 and the digestive system. The putative underlying pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19 as well as the clinical findings in relation to gastrointestinal changes are presented. Conclusions. SARS-CoV-2 virus can affect any part of the digestive system. Patients with chronic diseases are at greatest risk of adverse out-comes. There is a considerable risk for drug-drug interactions in patients who require a large treatment schedule.

scholarly journals Approach to stress endocrine response: somatization in the context of gastroenterological symptoms: a systematic review

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 2537-2545
Author(s):  
Gülseren Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Stress Responses ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Physiological Stress ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Traumatic Experiences ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Endocrine Response ◽  
Response To Stress

Background: Stress can be defined as an acute threat to the homeostasis of an organism, and in order to manage stress, and maintain stability, the allostatic systems activate an adaptive response. Stress has been shown to have both short - and long-term effects on the function of the gastrointestinal tract, but long-term exposure to stress is more likely to cause endocrine disorders.Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the endocrine response to stress, and evaluate the relationship between somatization and gastrointestinal symptoms.Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted on several academic databases, which included, Pubmed, EBSCO and Science Direct. The search was performed using the keywords, “endocrine response to stress”, “somatization” and “gastrointestinal symptoms”. Results: The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is essential in controlling physiological stress responses. Dysfunction is related to several mental disorders, including anxiety and depression, or somatization. Symptoms associated with genetic, or other traumatic experiences of individuals under stress, can lead to a maladaptive response to stress. These stressful life events were found to be associated with digestive system-related chronic diseases. Gastrointestinal disorders significantly affect millions of people worldwide. Conclusion: This study examined how the endocrine system responds to stress, and the effect this has in causing stress-related gastrointestinal distresses. Our findings indicate that stress-related psychological disorders are strongly associated with the severity of gastrointestinal symptoms.Keywords: Stress, endocrine response, somatization, gastrointestinal symptoms.

Long-Term Effects of Famine on Chronic Diseases: Evidence from China's Great Leap Forward Famine

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 922-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Feng Hu ◽  
Gordon G. Liu ◽  
Maoyong Fan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Great Leap ◽  
Great Leap Forward

The Psychological Aspects of COVID-19: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 153-170
Author(s):  
Bindu Sharma ◽  
Pankhuri Misra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
New England ◽  
English Language ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
World Health ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Control And Prevention

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has affected 213 countries and territories around the world and 2 international conveyances, thus producing a significant impact on the physical and mental health, behaviour and economy. In this era of crisis, lot of guidelines and measures to combat the disease are present, but the area of adverse mental health consequences is still neglected. This review attempts to highlight the psychological problems associated with this disease. Objective This article aims to retrieve from the existing literature and state the mental effects of COVID-19. Methods A review was developed based on the articles from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Elsevier, JAMA Network, The Lancet, New England Journal of Medicine, Cell, Wiley, Nature, Science and special databases for COVID like the Stephen B. Thacker CDC Library, World Health Organization's COVID-19 research article database, COVID-19 Open Research Dataset, LitCovid. The search terms included combination of ‘coronavirus’, ‘COVID-19’, ‘psychological’, ‘quarantine’, ‘children’. All the studies mentioning about the mental consequences and interventions for psychological repercussions associated with COVID-19 are eligible for inclusion. In addition, the research papers in English language have been included. Conclusion There is a need for research among vulnerable population to study the long-term effects of psychological impact of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Postacute COVID-19: An Overview and Approach to Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva M Amenta ◽  
Amy Spallone ◽  
Maria C Rodriguez-Barradas ◽  
Hana M El Sahly ◽  
Robert L Atmar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Volume ◽  
Medical Literature ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Persistent Symptoms

Abstract As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has progressed, a large volume of literature has developed delineating the clinical manifestations of acute infection. Recent reports have also started to describe persistent symptoms extending beyond the period of initial illness or hospitalization. Anecdotes of different signs and symptoms occurring after acute infection have also arisen in the lay press. Here we describe the current existing medical literature on the emerging concept of postacute COVID-19 and suggest an approach to classifying different manifestations of the syndrome. We also review long-term clinical manifestations observed in patients who recovered from infection due to other epidemic coronaviruses and briefly discuss potential mechanisms driving the phenomenon of postacute COVID-19.

scholarly journals Zika Virus Causes Acute Infection and Inflammation in the Ovary of Mice Without Apparent Defects in Fertility

2019 ◽  
Vol 220 (12) ◽  
pp. 1904-1914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Caine ◽  
Suzanne M Scheaffer ◽  
Darcy E Broughton ◽  
Vanessa Salazar ◽  
Jennifer Govero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Zikv Infection ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Global Concern ◽  
Follicular Reserve

Abstract Background Zika virus (ZIKV) has become a global concern because infection of pregnant mothers was linked to congenital birth defects. Zika virus is unique from other flaviviruses, because it is transmitted vertically and sexually in addition to by mosquito vectors. Prior studies in mice, nonhuman primates, and humans have shown that ZIKV targets the testis in males, resulting in persistent infection and oligospermia. However, its effects on the corresponding female gonads have not been evaluated. Methods In this study, we assessed the effects of ZIKV on the ovary in nonpregnant mice. Results During the acute phase, ZIKV productively infected the ovary causing accumulation of CD4+ and virus-specific CD8+ T cells. T cells protected against ZIKV infection in the ovary, as higher viral burden was measured in CD8−/− and TCRβδ−/− mice. Increased cell death and tissue inflammation in the ovary was observed during the acute phase of infection, but this normalized over time. Conclusions In contrast to that observed with males, minimal persistence and no long-term consequences of ZIKV infection on ovarian follicular reserve or fertility were demonstrated in this model. Thus, although ZIKV replicates in cells of the ovary and causes acute oophoritis, there is rapid resolution and no long-term effects on fertility, at least in mice.

scholarly journals Long-term effects of ambient PM2.5 on hypertension in multi-ethnic population from Sichuan province, China: a study based on 2013 and 2018 health service surveys

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiayue Xu ◽  
Yuqin Zhang ◽  
Minghong Yao ◽  
Gonghua Wu ◽  
Zhanqi Duan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Sichuan Province ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Minority Population ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hypertension Prevalence

Abstract Background Hypertension, a major risk factor of many sever chronic diseases and leading cause of global disease burden, is reported associated with exposure to PM2.5. China’s high PM2.5 pollution level has become a major public health issue. However, existing studies from China on the effect of PM2.5 exposure on hypertension have got inconsistent results with very limited investigation into the multi-ethnic people. This study adds multi-ethnic evidence from Sichuan Province, southwestern China, and assesses ethnic differences of PM2.5 exposure effect on hypertension. Methods We pooled large cross-sectional data from two surveys conducted in Sichuan province in 2013 and 2018 to exam the effect of long-term exposure to PM2.5 on prevalence of hypertension in adults aged 30 years old and above. Community-specified annual PM2.5 concentration was estimated using satellite data. Logistic regression was applied to examine the association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 and hypertension prevalence in the whole population, specific ethnic populations and population (including Han and ethnic minority people) living in same areas. Results 31462 participants with an average age of 56 years old were included. The average exposure concentration was 32.8 µg/m3. The proportions of the Han, the Tibetan, the Yi, and other ethnic people were 89.2%, 7.3%, 3.2%, and 0.3%, respectively. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04–1.12) for a 10 µg/m3 PM2.5 concentration increment for the whole population. The adjusted ORs for the Han, the Tibetan, and the Yi were 1.08 (95% CI, 1.04–1.12), 0.03 (95% CI, 0.00-0.27), and 1.75 (95% CI, 1.28–2.38) for a 10 µg/m3 PM2.5 concentration increment, respectively. Stratification analysis found stronger associations in participants with chronic diseases and Yi minority population. Conclusion Long-term exposure to PM2.5 may increase the risk of hypertension prevalence in Chinese multi-ethnic adults. Stronger associations were found in people with chronic disease and Yi minority group.

scholarly journals Toxoplasma gondii-Induced Long-Term Changes in the Upper Intestinal Microflora during the Chronic Stage of Infection

Scientifica ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emese Prandovszky ◽  
Ye Li ◽  
Sarven Sabunciyan ◽  
Curtis B. Steinfeldt ◽  
Lauro Nathaniel Avalos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Chronic Infection ◽  
Intestinal Microflora ◽  
Inbred Mouse ◽  
Acute Infection ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Dna Libraries

Toxoplasma gondiiis an obligate intracellular parasite with worldwide distribution. Felines are the definitive hosts supporting the complete life cycle ofT. gondii.However, other warm-blooded animals such as rodents and humans can also be infected. Infection of such secondary hosts results in long-term infection characterized by the presence of tissue cysts in the brain and other organs. While it is known thatT. gondiiinfection in rodents is associated with behavioral changes, the mechanisms behind these changes remain unclear. Alterations of the host intestinal microflora are recognized as a prominent role player in shaping host behavior and cognition. It has been shown that acuteT. gondiiinfection of mice results in microflora changes as a result of gastrointestinal inflammation in inbred mouse models. The long-term effects of chronicT. gondiiinfection on microbial communities, however, are unknown. In this study, after we verified using our model in terms of measuring microflora changes during an acute episode of toxoplasmosis, we assessed the microbiome changes that occur during a long-term infection; then we further investigated these changes in a follow-up study of chronic infection. These analyses were performed by constructing and sequencing 16S rRNA amplicon DNA libraries from small intestine fecal specimens. We found that acute infection with the GT1 strain ofT. gondiicaused an enrichment of Bacteroidetes compared with controls in CD1 mice. Strikingly, this enrichment upheld throughout long-term chronic infection. The potential biological consequences of this alteration in rodents and humans should be subjected to further exploration.

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