scholarly journals THE POETICS OF MADNESS IN PUSHKIN, GOGOL, DOSTOEVSKY (POLEMIC NOTES)

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 92-106
Author(s):  
Vladimir Zakharov
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Realistic Interpretation ◽  
Life Philosophy

Madness in life, philosophy, and art are different phenomena. In medicine, a madman is an insane person and a patient, in philosophy he is a sage, in literature — a poet. Doctors treat the patient, philosophers and poets admire the freedom of his thought and creativity. Problems arise when doctors turn into literary critics, and critics diagnose literary heroes. An absurd situation emerges when doctors diagnose those who are inherently unable to express a complaint, answer questions, undergo tests or pass a clinical examination. The article offers a critical analysis of the topic of insanity in the St. Petersburg-themed short novels by Pushkin, Gogol, and Dostoevsky, and offers a response to the question of which parts of their works belong to the poetic sphere, and which — to psychiatry. Pushkin and Gogol contributed to the poetic development of the theme of insanity, Dostoevsky revealed insanity as a mental illness where “higher meaning” manifests itself. All of these authors clearly defined the boundaries of troubled and healthy consciousness. Dostoevsky completed the transition from the poetic to the realistic interpretation of madness in Russian literature. A variety of concepts of insanity has been recognized in art, and there has been a creative competition between individual interpretations of this subject.

New understanding and old myths. On I. Esaulov’s Russian Classics: New Understanding [Russkaya klassika: novoe ponimanie]

2020 ◽  
pp. 178-191
Author(s):  
E. V. Abdullaev
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Eastern Orthodox ◽  
Literary Canon ◽  
Eastern Orthodoxy ◽  
Russian Culture ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
Russian Literary ◽  
Methodological Principles

The article examines methodological principles of studying the Russian literary canon in the cultural context of Eastern Orthodoxy, as demonstrated in I. Esaulov’s book. While acknowledging the importance of the book’s method, the article reviews and criticizes the concepts used by the scholar (the Eastern archetype, the Christmas archetype, the categories of Law and Grace, etc.). In particular, the author challenges the statement that a writer populates his works with archetypes prevailing in his culture (so Eastern Orthodox ones in the case of Russian culture), often against his own religious principles. Also subjected to critical analysis is the thesis about the Easter archetype being more specific to Russian literature, with the Christmas archetype being more typical of Western literature. On the whole, the paper argues that the transhistorical approach declared by the scholar as opposed to the rigorously historical method (M. Gasparov and others) may often lead to strained hypotheses and mythologizing; all in all, it may result in an ahistorical perception of both Eastern Orthodoxy and the literary canon.

scholarly journals Integrated mental health atlas of the Western Sydney Local Health District: gaps and recommendations

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Fernandez ◽  
James A. Gillespie ◽  
Jennifer Smith-Merry ◽  
Xiaoqi Feng ◽  
Thomas Astell-Burt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Local Health ◽  
Adult Mental Health ◽  
Local Evidence ◽  
Integrated Mental Health

Objective Australian mental health care remains hospital centric and fragmented; it is riddled with gaps and does little to promote recovery. Reform must be built on better knowledge of the shape of existing services. Mental health atlases are an essential part of this knowledge base, enabling comparison with other regions and jurisdictions, but must be based on a rigorous classification of services. The main aim of this study is to create an integrated mental health atlas of the Western Sydney LHD in order to help decision makers to better plan informed by local evidence. Methods The standard classification system, namely the Description and Evaluation of Services and Directories in Europe for Long-term Care model, was used to describe and classify adult mental health services in the Western Sydney Local Health District (LHD). This information provided the foundation for accessibility maps and the analysis of the provision of care for people with a lived experience of mental illness in Western Sydney LHD. All this data was used to create the Integrated Mental Health Atlas of Western Sydney LHD. Results The atlas identified four major gaps in mental health care in Western Sydney LHD: (1) a lack of acute and sub-acute community residential care; (2) an absence of services providing acute day care and non-acute day care; (3) low availability of specific employment services for people with a lived experience of mental ill-health; and (4) a lack of comprehensive data on the availability of supported housing. Conclusions The integrated mental health atlas of the Western Sydney LHD provides a tool for evidence-informed planning and critical analysis of the pattern of adult mental health care. What is known about the topic? Several reports have highlighted that the Australian mental health system is hospital based and fragmented. However, this knowledge has had little effect on actually changing the system. What does this paper add? This paper provides a critical analysis of the pattern of adult mental health care provided within the boundaries of the Western Sydney LHD using a standard, internationally validated tool to describe and classify the services. This provides a good picture of the availability of adult mental health care at the local level that was hitherto lacking. What are the implications for practitioners? The data presented herein provide a better understanding of the context in which mental health practitioners work. Managers and planners of services providing care for people with a lived experience of mental illness can use the information herein for better planning informed by local evidence.

scholarly journals P. B. Gannushkin. Acute paranoia (paranoia acuta). The clinical side of the issue. —Diss., Moscow, 1904

2021 ◽  
Vol XII (3) ◽  
pp. 289-290
Author(s):  
B. Vorotynskiy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Psychiatric Clinic ◽  
Separate Form ◽  
Analysis Of Cases

The author's dissertation, published by the Moscow Psychiatric Clinic, is devoted to the clinical development of the issue of the independence of acute paranoia as a separate form of mental illness. Dr. Gannushkin is trying to solve this question partly on the basis of his own observations, partly through a critical analysis of cases that were observed by other authors, both Russian and foreign.

scholarly journals Resonances of greek-latin classics in the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky: a critical analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. e55354
Author(s):  
Ghulam Yasin ◽  
Shaukat Ali ◽  
Kashif Shahzad
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Mark Twain ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Russian Literature ◽  
Epic Poetry ◽  
Analytic Method ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Literary Figure

This research aims to probe the classical elements in the works of Fyodor Dostoevsky and to show the author’s bent towards the classical authors and traditions. Dostoevsky is the giant literary figure of 19th-century Russian literature and he belongs not only to a particular time but to all times like many other great classic writers. The research is significant for exposing the author’s affiliation towards the epic poetry of Homer and Hesiod and the dramas of the preeminent Athenian tragedians, Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides. Dostoevsky also becomes classic based on his dealings with the themes dealt by the classics like love, fight for honour, real-life presentation, the conflict between vice and virtue and the struggle of his tragic heroes to reach their goal. The research proves that Dostoevsky is a classic among the classics because of having close resonance with the classics in the art of characterization, the portrayal of tragic heroes, theme building and by including some elements of tragedy. The qualitative research is designed on the descriptive-analytic method by using the approach of Classicism presented by Mark Twain.

scholarly journals Dramatic portrayal of suicide: a critical analysis of Netflix's 13 Reasons Why

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (S1) ◽  
pp. S294-S294
Author(s):  
Anna Sutton ◽  
Ross Overshott
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Significant Challenge ◽  
Pro Forma

AimsThe aims of this project were to assess how well the Netflix drama 13 Reasons Why portrayed suicide, in terms of both accuracy and safety, and to discuss the potential effect this could have on viewers.BackgroundPsychiatric content within dramatic media can have measurable effects on the population, such as reinforcing stigma around mental illness. Given the show's focus on a character's suicide, the most serious effect here would be suicide contagion.Guidelines and regulations for the portrayal of suicide in media are in place to protect those who might be vulnerable to suicide contagion.MethodWe formed our own pro-forma of 42 criteria using existing guidelines written for both news and dramatic media. These criteria were formatted into positive and negative pairs; positive being instances of guidelines being followed, negative as guidelines being broken. These were further organised into 7 categories.Each episode of seasons 1-2 was then assessed against the criteria. Cumulative instances of guidelines being followed or broken were compared within and between seasons. Context of each instance was taken into account by the primary researcher, and we also highlighted instances of exceptional breach of these guidelines.ResultThe results showed an over-all breach of the guidelines, with no significant improvement between the seasons. Some categories of criteria, such as “asking for help” and “mental health”, were portrayed well overall. Other categories, such as “blame”, performed extremely badly.The most significant breach was the graphic suicide scene at the end of the first season, which completely disregarded Samaritans’ guidelines.ConclusionThe breaching of guidelines in this show was overwhelming. In terms of severity, although there were some positive themes running through the seasons, there were also worrying instances of guidelines being completely disregarded. This led to the conclusion that the producers of the show did not take their responsibility to young, vulnerable viewers seriously regarding the dangers around portraying suicide.Suggestions from this study are that more guidelines around suicide are needed specifically for dramatic media, and that existing guidelines should be conflated and have stronger implementation by regulators. This implementation should potentially include overseas providers such as Netflix. Ethically, a significant challenge here is maintaining balance between safety and allowing artistic licence.

“Deviant” Psychosis: An Exploration of the Production and Consumption of Queer and Transgender Women in the Films of Brian De Palma

Film Matters ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Sam Lawson
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Film Noir ◽  
Transgender Women ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Sexual Deviance ◽  
Production And Consumption

This article provides a critical analysis of three films by filmmaker Brian De Palma: Dressed to Kill (1980), The Black Dahlia (2006), and Passion (2012). De Palma uses both the thematic tropes of film noir (psychosis, sexual deviance, doubling, etc.) and its stylistic conventions (chiaroscuro lighting, urban environments, etc.) to capitalize on the LGBTQ+ community, using them to create a spectacle of difference for his viewing audience. De Palma panders primarily to heterosexual spectators by using LGBTQ+ women to entertain/titillate audiences via the conventions of noir, thereby suggesting that these women are intrinsically tied to mental illness as a result of their sexual deviance. The analysis of Dressed to Kill will focus on issues of transgender representation, whereas the analyses of The Black Dahlia and Passion will address the representation of lesbianism/bisexuality.

scholarly journals Age in the Eye of Shakespeare, focus on; As You Like It

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Dipak Kumar Sarkar
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Aged People ◽  
As You Like It ◽  
Life Philosophy ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Way

Being aged is an inevitable process of nature but the way society and its institutions define aged people may not be an acceptable process to judge every single aged people, as each human is different from others in regard to physic, life philosophy and mentality signifying that every human is an unique creation of the Creator. However, Shakespeare, being so much celebrated, praised and a universal writer delineates his characters and their involvement to his drama being somehow dogmatic in regard to age. This paper aims at the approach of Shakespeare towards the young and the elderly characters and tries to bring out a hypothesis based on gerontological theory in mind. The key objective of this paper is to find out what Shakespeare thinks about the aged people and how the aged characters been portrayed in As You Like It. Furthermore, this paper will distinguish the thought of Shakespeare, being xenophobic about the aged, with that of the gerontologists’ remark of approaching an aged man. In order to achieve its aim, a critical analysis planted on the gerontological view of Age will be conducted. Decisively, this paper hopes to come up with the attitude Shakespeare possesses at the time of treating an elderly man.

TRANSFORMATION OF THE ESTATE TEXT IN A.P. CHEKHOV’S PROSE (1887–1990)

2019 ◽  
pp. 6-19
Author(s):  
Ludmila Sinyakova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Literature ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
Country House ◽  
Life Goal ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Self Development ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Life Philosophy ◽  
Further Development ◽  
World Image

In this article the author analyzes functioning of the estate text peculiar to Russian literature, especially to A.P. Chekhov’s prose during the period of paradigmatic changes (1887) and mature works (the end of the 1880s – 1890s). For the last decades of the XIXth century, the estate discourse undergoes great changes in socio-historic, cultural and literature aspects. Chekhov's literary works determines the direction of the studied literary phenomenon development in many respects. Deconstruction of the estate literary matrix has been observed on the basis of five works by A.P. Chekhov. In the stories «Verochka» and «In the Country House» the hero is being transformed: in the first story, instead of the ero-carrier of a certain life philosophy and ideology, the character of the «eighties» is embodied,he is oriented to the positivist world image and at the same time possesses a post-romantic «solitary consciousness»; in the second one the character of misanthrope with quasi-positive views is embodied in a satirical mode. In the stories «At Home» and «A Visit to Friends» mythologem of the estate text is destroyed. In this case the «House» aquires the meaning of a dull place. This development was extremely productive in the literature at the turn of the century and in the XXth century. Upon arrival at the steppe estate the heroine of the first story quickly loses her «humanity» and life goal aimed at self-development. The leading character of the second story had an «estate» experience gone a long time ago; the present in the estate seems vulgar to him. The last story «The New Villa» thematically completes the plot of the «turn» of epochs in its estate version. The story shows a change in interaction of social actors in the process of changing socio-historical formations. A Russian intellectual’s call for alleviation of the people’s fate causes peasants’ alienation and unjust malice. In the end, the athor concludes the significance of changes in the entire paradigm of the estate text in the A.P. Chekhov’s prose setting its further development in Russian literature.

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