pro forma
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2021 ◽  
pp. 135918352110696
Author(s):  
Ruth B. Phillips

This article seeks to step back from the long-standing debate between art and artifact—aesthetics and science-- understood as terms that reference central concerns of the quintessentially modern Western disciplines of art history and anthropology. In their landmark edited volume The Traffic in Culture: Refiguring Art and Anthropology, George Marcus and Fred Myers explored the growing convergences exhibited by the concerns and methods of practitioners of the two disciplines, both in the academy and the museum. By training our attention on contemporary artworlds—understood as systems-- they illuminated the exchanges of aesthetic and conceptual ideas and forms that have brought Western and non-Western arts into shared discursive and real spaces. Yet in the quarter century since the book’s publication there has been a noticeable retreat from attempts by the proponents of visual studies and an expanded visual anthropology to actualize disciplinary convergences. The boundaries that separate art and anthropology have not been dissolved. Art historians and anthropologists continue to ask different questions and to support different regimes of value. From the author’s vantage point in a settler society currently directing considerable energies to institutional projects of decolonization the old debates have rapidly been receding as a new ‘third term’ – Indigenous Studies-- intrudes itself on the well trodden terrain. Not (yet) definable as a discipline but, rather, maintaining itself as an orientation, Indigenous Studies nevertheless renders the earlier disciplinary debates moot. Place, rather than time-based, collective rather than individual, holistic rather than either disciplinary or interdisciplinary, Indigenous Studies formulations exert decolonizing pressures on institutions that are rapidly mounting. Using Anishinaabeg: Art and Power, a show in 2017 at the Royal Ontario Museum (ROM), as a case study, this article shows how an exhibition moved representation away from the art/artifact dichotomy as well as from contested strategies of ‘inclusion’ and pro forma recognitions of ‘Indigenous ontology’ toward a genuine paradigm shift.


Author(s):  
Neil J Jones ◽  
Oliver Clough ◽  
Andrew Gaukroger ◽  
Surendra Patnaik

Background/aims The British Orthopaedic Association's Standards for Trauma for the management of supracondylar humerus fractures in children specify that: ‘A documented assessment of the limb, performed on presentation, must include the status of radial pulse, digital capillary refill time and the individual function of the radial, median (including anterior interosseous) and ulnar nerves.’ Methods The documentation of cases of supracondylar humerus fractures over 1 year was retrospectively analysed. An electronic pro forma for supracondylar humerus fractures was introduced, with prompts for the pieces of documentation required to meet national standards. The use of this pro forma was audited after 6 months and 12 months use. Results Documentation ranged from 10% for anterior interosseous nerve to 53% for radial pulse. In the second reaudit, documentation ranged from 86% for anterior interosseous nerve to 95% for median nerve function. There were 17 patients for whom all documentation was present, and for these patients the pro forma had been used. Use of an electronic clerking pro forma improves adherence. Conclusions Full documentation of neurovascular status in paediatric supracondylar fractures is vital to allow for effective preoperative and postoperative further assessment. With the move into paperless documentation, online pro formas can help clinicians with effective assessment and documentation.


Author(s):  
Robert T. Croyle ◽  
Janeth I. Sanchez ◽  
Michelle Doose ◽  
Amy E. Kennedy ◽  
Shobha Srinivasan

Author(s):  
Mark Worrall ◽  
Mike Holubinka ◽  
Glafkos Havariyoun ◽  
Kirsten Hodgson ◽  
Sue Edyvean ◽  
...  

Objectives: To present the results following a UK national patient dose audit of paediatric CT examinations, to propose updated UK national diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) and to analyse current practice to see if any recommendations can be made to assist with optimisation. Methods: A UK national dose audit was undertaken in 2019 focussing on paediatric CT examinations of the head, chest, abdomen/pelvis and cervical spine using the methods proposed by the International Commission on Radiological Protection. The audit pro-forma contained mandatory fields, of which the post-examination dosimetry (CTDIvol and DLP) and the patient weight (for body examinations) were the most important. Results: Analysis of the data submitted indicates that it is appropriate to propose national DRLs for CT head examinations in the 0- < 1, 1- < 5, 5- < 10 and 10- < 15 year age ranges. This extends the number of age categories of national DRLs from those at present and revises the existing values downwards. For CT chest examinations, it is appropriate to propose national DRLs for the first time in the UK for the 5- < 15, 15- < 30, 30- < 50 and 50- < 80 kg weight ranges. There were insufficient data received to propose national DRLs for abdomen/pelvis or cervical spine examinations. Recommendations towards optimisation focus on the use of tube current (mA) modulation, iterative reconstruction and the selection of examination tube voltage (kVp). Conclusions: Updated UK national DRLs are proposed for paediatric CT examinations of the head and chest. Advances in knowledge: A national patient dose audit of paediatric CT examinations has led to the proposal of updated national DRLs.


2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-392
Author(s):  
Paulo Eduardo de Barros Veiga
Keyword(s):  

Foram realizados três encontros, na Sala Alfredo Bosi do Instituto de Estudos Avançados da Universidade de São Paulo (IEA-USP). Coordenados pelo Prof. Dr. Rubens Russomanno Ricciardi, os debates adotaram um formato livre, em que todos aqueles que estavam presentes ou que acompanhavam de forma remota puderam dar opiniões e fazer perguntas. Nesse sentido, procurou-se promover a liberdade do debate, sem qualquer rigidez. Ressalta-se que os textos que compõem este dossiê estão em sua forma transcrita e concisa, a partir da gravação dos encontros. Em sua finalização, foram retirados os excessos da oralidade e as passagens pro forma. Também foram feitos ajustes no tocante aos recursos coesivos e normativos da língua portuguesa, mantendo-se o teor das argumentações, sem interferir no tom original.


2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2540-2542
Author(s):  
Maria Shireen ◽  
Sarah Shoaib Qureshi ◽  
Arsalan Nawaz ◽  
Wasim Amir ◽  
Mehrin Farooq ◽  
...  

Background: Covid-19 is a very contagious and quickly spreading viral infection, caused by a corona virus SARS-COV-2 which was originally reported in China on December 5, 2019. It was confirmed as pandemic by WHO on March 11, 2020. This disease is yet under research. It has variable severity which includes no symptoms to pneumonia. This can cause death of the patient. Aim: To evaluate the association of Lymphopenia with severity of COVID 19 in COVID-19 patients Methods: It was a retrospective observational study conducted in COVID wards of Ghurki hospital Lahore. Record of 100 COVID-19 patients that were admitted between March and July 2021 fulfilling the inclusion criteria was included in the study. A pre-structured pro forma was filled to collect the data. Results: Out of 100 patients, 30 patients were included in Non-severe group while severe group had 70 patients. The mean age of study population was 52.5±10.38 with 60% male and 40% female. 70% patients in severe group had some co-existent comorbidity. The most commonly reported symptoms were fever and cough in both groups while shortness of breath was more commonly reported in severe group. Conclusion: Lymphopenia is associated with severe Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infections. Lymphocytes count can be used to assess the severity of COVID 19. Keywords: Lymphocytes, Lymphopenia, Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID 19.


2021 ◽  
pp. 232200582110510
Author(s):  
Omar Madhloom ◽  
Irene Antonopoulos

This article explores the theoretical foundations for a social justice–centric global law clinic movement. Our starting position is that law clinics, a type of clinical legal education (CLE), are in a unique position to engage in, and potentially promote, social justice issues outside their immediate communities and jurisdictions. To achieve this aim, it is necessary for law clinics to adopt a universal pro forma underpinned by the key concepts of CLE, namely social justice education and promoting access to justice through law reform. We argue that the main features of CLE are aligned with those of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) on issues such as human dignity and social justice. Incorporating UDHR values into CLE serves three purposes. First, it acts as a universal pro forma, which facilitates communication between clinics across jurisdictions, irrespective of their cultural or legal background. Second, it allows clinics to identify sources of global injustices and to share resources and expertise to collectively address injustices. Third, the theoretical approach advocated in this article argues that clinics have a Kantian moral right to engage in transnational law reform.


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
W. A. Sanchez

The 33 countries that constitute Latin America and the Caribbean and the 11 countries of the former Soviet Union (not counting the Russian Federation and the three Baltic nations) conform 44 states which are, with a few exceptions, on the periphery of global geopolitical aff airs, with limited international infl uence or at the mercy of confl icts that have disrupted their internal balance and international image in the past decade. While the topic of how peripheral nations and regions interact with each other has been analyzed in academia, in-depth studies about relations between these specifi c regions are very limited and scarce. This paper seeks to fi ll in that gap by providing recent examples on issues like trade and high-profi le diplomatic visits between Latin American and Caribbean governments with their post-Soviet counterparts. Moreover, I will discuss the issue of the location (or lack thereof) of embassies, a topic not discussed in the consulted literature, as an example of how governments from peripheral states and limited budgets decide where to open an embassy. It is proposed here that the 44 states that make up Latin America, the Caribbean, and the post-Soviet world will remain cordial and friendly strangers for the foreseeable future. A lack of grand-strategy vision, with a few exceptions, is a major hindrance to stronger relations between these states. The most plausible scenario is bloc-to-bloc trade agreements; however, the COVID-19 pandemic and more pressing issues that these countries face mean that treaties with geographically distant states that are not trading partners or potential sources of fi nancial aid are not regarded as priorities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyancaa Jeyabaladevan ◽  
◽  
Abhinaya Varatharajah

Purpose: Our aims were to determine adherence to National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines on colorectal cancer (CRC) surveillance and to evaluate local practice patterns determine how it can be further improved. Patients and methods: Patients with colorectal cancer resection between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2017 were identified, and their records retrospectively reviewed. Results: A total of 18 patients were eligible. Surveillance patterns, including blood tests and colonoscopies, were inconsistent with NICE recommendations in a significant proportion of patients. Follow up appointments and CT imaging occurred more frequently in line with the guidelines. For recurrences detected by surveillance, 66.6% were resectable whereas 0% of those detected by symptoms were resectable. Conclusions: The results prove that a moderately intensive follow-up strategy can positively identify resectable recurrence thus increasing overall survival. Our data highlights the need for local improvement to adherence to NICE guidelines regarding CRC follow-up. We have created a pro forma which is attached to the patient’s clinical notes. It will aid clinicians in reminding them when appropriates tests should be completed. A re-audit will be completed in December 2020 which will include looking at the effectiveness of the new pro forma.


2021 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
Natalia Postnova

The article is devoted to the problems of contractual regulation of international mixed cargo transportation. Attention is paid to the lack of unification of international legislation, which would determine the main provisions and specifics of the conclusion, change, implementation and termination of contractual relations of international mixed cargo transportation. The author concludes that concluding the contract, the parties must determine the form of the contract, its terms, the order of interaction, as well as choose the pro forma of the document of mixed transportation of goods.


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