Physiological Differences Between Prepubertal And Pubertal Swimmers In Testing The Aerobic Capacity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Radulescu
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Physiological Differences

scholarly journals Physiological Differences Between Advanced Crossfit Athletes, Recreational Crossfit Participants, and Physically-Active Adults

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald T. Mangine ◽  
Matthew T. Stratton ◽  
Christian G. Almeda ◽  
Michael D. Roberts ◽  
Tiffany A. Esmat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Rate ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Muscle Morphology ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
The Past ◽  
Peak Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Physiological Differences

ABSTRACTThis investigation examined anthropometric, hormonal, and physiological differences between advanced (ADV; n = 8, 27.8 ± 4.2 years, 170 ± 11 cm, 79.8 ± 13.3 kg) and recreational (REC; n = 8, 33.5 ± 8.1 years, 172 ± 14 cm, 76.3 ± 19.5 kg) CrossFit (CF) trained participants in comparison to physically-active controls (CON; n = 7, 27.5 ± 6.7 years, 171 ± 14 cm, 74.5 ± 14.3 kg). ADV and REC were distinguished by their past competitive success. REC and CON were resistance-trained (>2 years) and exercised on 3-5 days·wk-1 for the past year, but CON utilized traditional resistance and cardiovascular exercise. All participants provided a fasted, resting blood sample and completed assessments of resting metabolic rate, body composition, muscle morphology, isometric mid-thigh pull strength, peak aerobic capacity, and a 3-minute maximal cycle ergometer sprint across two separate occasions (separated by 3-7 days). Blood samples were analyzed for testosterone, cortisol, and insulin-like growth factor-1. One-way analysis of variance revealed ADV to possess lower body fat percentage (6.7-8.3%, p = 0.007), greater bone and non-bone lean mass (12.5-26.8%, p ≤ 0.028), muscle morphology characteristics (14.2-59.9%, p < 0.05), isometric strength characteristics (15.4-41.8%, p < 0.05), peak aerobic capacity (18.8-19.1%, p = 0.002), and anaerobic performance (15.4-51.1%, p ≤ 0.023) compared to both REC and CON. No differences were seen between REC and CON, or between all groups for resting metabolic rate or hormone concentrations. These data suggest ADV possess several physiological advantages over REC and CON, whereas similar physiological characteristics were present in individuals who have been regularly participating in either CF or resistance and cardiovascular training for the past year.

scholarly journals Physiological Differences Between Sprint- and Distance-Specialized Cross-Country Skiers

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Losnegard ◽  
Jostein Hallén
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
International Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Physiological Differences

Purpose:Sprint- (≤1.8 km) and distance-skiing (≥15 km) performance rely heavily on aerobic capacity. However, in sprint skiing, due to the ~20% higher speed, anaerobic capacity contributes significantly. This study aimed to identify the possible anthropometric and physiological differences between elite male sprint and distance skiers.Methods:Six sprint and 7 distance international-level cross-country skiers completed testing using the V2 skating technique on a roller-ski treadmill. Measurements included submaximal O2 cost (5°, 3 m/s) and a 1000-m time trial (6°, >3.25 m/s) to assess VO2peak and accumulated oxygen (ΣO2) deficit.Results:The groups displayed similar O2 cost during the submaximal load. The sprint skiers had a higher ΣO2 deficit (79.0 ± 11.3 vs 65.7 ± 7.5 mL/kg, P = .03, ES = 1.27) and VO2peak in absolute values (6.6 ± 0.5 vs 6.0 ± 0.5 L/min, P = .04, ES =1.23), while VO2peak relative to body mass was lower than in the distance skiers (76.4 ± 4.4 vs 83.0 ± 3.2 mL · kg−1 · min−1, P = .009, ES = 1.59). The sprint skiers were heavier than the distance skiers (86.6 ± 6.1 vs 71.8 ± 7.2 kg, P = .002, ES = 2.07), taller (186 ± 5 vs 178 ± 7 cm, P = .04, ES = 1.25), and had a higher body-mass index (24.9 ± 0.8 vs 22.5 ± 1.3 kg/m2, P = .003, ES = 2.05).Conclusion:The elite male sprint skiers showed different anthropometric and physiological qualities than the distance skiers, with these differences being directly related to body mass.

Multiple Sclerosis: Treadmill Versus Cycle Ergometry Maximal Exercise Test Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-117
Author(s):  
Garett Griffith ◽  
Badeia Saed ◽  
Tracy Baynard
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Work Capacity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cycle Ergometer ◽  
Cycle Ergometry ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Complete Test ◽  
Peak Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Predicted Values

ABSTRACT Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease that impacts the central nervous system. MS generally results in decreased mobility and work capacity. Our objective was to determine exercise testing responses on both a treadmill and cycle ergometer among individuals with MS who were able to ambulate freely. Methods: Twenty-six individuals with MS participated in a cross-sectional study (44 ± 11 years; body mass index 26.8 ± 6.2 kg·m−2; expanded disability scale score 3.1 ± 0.9), with 24 individuals with complete test data for both treadmill and cycle ergometry tests. Peak aerobic capacity (VO2peak) for both treadmill and cycle ergometry tests were measured with indirect calorimetry. Results: Participants safely completed both treadmill and cycle ergometry tests, and treadmill testing yielded higher values (26.7 ± 6.4 mL·kg−1·min−1) compared with cycle ergometry (23.7 ± 5.7 mL·kg−1·min−1), with values ~12% greater for treadmill. When comparing tests to their respected predicted values within modality, treadmill tests were 8% lower and cycle ergometry tests were 10% lower than predicted. Conclusions: While peak aerobic capacity was very low for this population, treadmill tests were still higher than cycle ergometry data, with this difference between modes being similar to that observed in healthy adult populations. Additional research is required to determine if these findings are impacted by participation in physical activity or regular exercise.

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