scholarly journals Physiological Differences Between Sprint- and Distance-Specialized Cross-Country Skiers

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Losnegard ◽  
Jostein Hallén
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
International Level ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Physiological Differences

Purpose:Sprint- (≤1.8 km) and distance-skiing (≥15 km) performance rely heavily on aerobic capacity. However, in sprint skiing, due to the ~20% higher speed, anaerobic capacity contributes significantly. This study aimed to identify the possible anthropometric and physiological differences between elite male sprint and distance skiers.Methods:Six sprint and 7 distance international-level cross-country skiers completed testing using the V2 skating technique on a roller-ski treadmill. Measurements included submaximal O2 cost (5°, 3 m/s) and a 1000-m time trial (6°, >3.25 m/s) to assess VO2peak and accumulated oxygen (ΣO2) deficit.Results:The groups displayed similar O2 cost during the submaximal load. The sprint skiers had a higher ΣO2 deficit (79.0 ± 11.3 vs 65.7 ± 7.5 mL/kg, P = .03, ES = 1.27) and VO2peak in absolute values (6.6 ± 0.5 vs 6.0 ± 0.5 L/min, P = .04, ES =1.23), while VO2peak relative to body mass was lower than in the distance skiers (76.4 ± 4.4 vs 83.0 ± 3.2 mL · kg−1 · min−1, P = .009, ES = 1.59). The sprint skiers were heavier than the distance skiers (86.6 ± 6.1 vs 71.8 ± 7.2 kg, P = .002, ES = 2.07), taller (186 ± 5 vs 178 ± 7 cm, P = .04, ES = 1.25), and had a higher body-mass index (24.9 ± 0.8 vs 22.5 ± 1.3 kg/m2, P = .003, ES = 2.05).Conclusion:The elite male sprint skiers showed different anthropometric and physiological qualities than the distance skiers, with these differences being directly related to body mass.

scholarly journals Effects of Combined Aerobic and Strength Training on Aerobic Capacity and Body Composition

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Nuri Topsakal ◽  
Osman Ates ◽  
Burcak Keskin ◽  
Orhan Armutcu
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Combined Training ◽  
Waist Hip Ratio ◽  
Group 16

The purpose of this study was to analyse the effects of combined aerobic and strength training in circuit training on body fat ratio. The universe of this study was selected as 32 male participants who continue their training and do fitness for health. Participants were divided into 2 groups: aerobic group (16 people) and combined group (16 people). This study was applied for 8 weeks, 3 days per week, and 1 hour per day. Participants were informed about how the tests will be conducted. An aerobic capacity test, body fat percentage, body mass index, and waist-hip ratio were among the applied tests and measurements. Data were analysed with SPSS 21 package program. Average and standard deviation of obtained data were calculated. Results showed that results of aerobic and combined trainings were similarly, and both aerobic and combined training positively affected body weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, and aerobic capacity values. Additionally, it can be stated that aerobic exercises directly affected waist-hip ratio compared to combined exercises, and combined training was more efficient for waist-hip ratio.

Impact of NFL PLAY 60 Programming on Elementary School Children's Body Mass Index and Aerobic Capacity: The NFL PLAY 60 FitnessGram Partnership Project

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 873-881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro F. Saint-Maurice ◽  
Yang Bai ◽  
Gregory J. Welk ◽  
Lorraine N. Bandelli ◽  
Kelly Allums-Featherston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Elementary School ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity

scholarly journals Effects of Hypoxic and Normoxic Training in Altitude on HIF-1α and PGC-1α Levels in Elite Endurance Runners

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70
Author(s):  
Rahman Soori ◽  
◽  
Mahla Mohamad Zadeh ◽  
Amine Ghram ◽  
Siroos Choobineh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Hypoxia Inducible Factor ◽  
Time Trial ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Endurance Runners

Introduction: Training at altitude or in a hypoxic environment has gained attention among athletes, coaches, and scientists to enhance sea-level performance. However, the efficacy of “Living-Low, Training-High, Training-Low” (LLTHTL) strategy to escalate the mechanisms associated with enhancing performance in the human athletes is still unknown. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the LLTHTL on Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) and peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor-Gamma Coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α) levels in elite endurance runners. Methods: The study has a crossover design in University laboratory. Eight elite male runners (Mean±SD age: 24.50±3.96 years; Mean±SD height: 179.75±4.62 cm; Mean±SD body mass: 67.37±3.42 kg; Mean±SD body mass index: 20.85±1.11 kg/m²) took part in the research. After 4 weeks of Living-Low (LL), the athletes performed 4 weeks Training-High (TH) and then, 3 weeks training-low (TL). Main Outcome Measures: Anthropometric parameters, time trial (1500 m), PGC-1α, and HIF-1α levels were measured in four different time points: pre-LL, post-LL, post-TH, and post-TL. Results: There were no significant differences between the 4 time points for body mass and body mass index (P>0.05). The time trial was improved significantly (p <0.001) at post-TH as well as post-TL compared with the pre-LL and post-LL. TH decreased HIF-1α level but did not affect PGC-1α. Besides, TL increased both HIF-1α and PGC-1α. Conclusion: Training at altitude reduces HIF-1α and training at sea-level increased PGC-1α and HIF-1α levels. Both types of training induced an improvement in the time trial. Athletes and coaches seek advice on the effective training strategy to enhance performance at different altitudes.

scholarly journals A study on oxygen independent fitness (anaerobic capacity) in pre-collegiate boys of Vijayapur, North Karnataka, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 2062
Author(s):  
Mohamed Siddiq ◽  
Salim A. Dhundasi ◽  
Mohammed Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Anaerobic Capacity ◽  
Step Test ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Fitness Index

Background: The anaerobic capacity is a useful concept, its application during exercise testing should considerably increase the information gained regarding cardiovascular function in health and disease. The objective was to evaluate oxygen independent fitness (anaerobic capacity) in pre-collegiate boys (age group of 16-18 years) of Vijayapur, North Karnataka, India.Methods: Eighty seven young adolescent healthy pre-collegiate boys volunteered for this study. The following parameters were recorded: Physical anthropometric parameters: body surface area, body mass index, body fat percentage, Physiological parameters: Blood pressure, physical fitness index test and anaerobic fitness step test. Correlation analysis and Z tests were used to analyze the obtained data.Results: Physical anthropometric parameters of the subjects were found within normal range. Statistically significant exercise induced rise in blood pressure were observed in physical fitness step test. Anaerobic capacity was correlated with body surface area, body mass index, body fat percentage and pre and post exercise blood pressure. Physical fitness index was not correlated with anaerobic capacity.  Conclusions:The physical fitness index was in good category, normal physiological response to exercise but physical fitness index not correlated with anaerobic capacity. Anaerobic capacity was found within normal range in pre-collegiate boys of age 16-18 years in study area. Ideal body mass index may not be possible in this age group. 

scholarly journals Evidence of Hypertension in Healthy Children and Its Association with Body Composition and Aerobic Capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-121
Author(s):  
Aaron Azzu Tetteh ◽  
Monday Omoniyi Moses
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Healthy Children

Hypertension is mostly associated with adulthood and old age with little attention on children. This study provided evidence of hypertension in healthy children and its association with body composition and aerobic capacity (VO2max). 266 healthy children aged 8-11 years were recruited for the study. Blood pressure, heart rate, body mass index (BMI), basal metabolic rate (BMR), fat free mass, bone mass, visceral fat, total body water (TBW), and VO2max were measured. 18.79% were pre-hypertensive and 9.40% overweight at least, while 65.42% underweight. Correlation between blood pressure and maxVO2 was significant (P < 0.05). VO2max significantly correlate with body mass index (r = -.415, P < 0.05), fat mass (r = -.385, P < 0.05) negatively and visceral fat (r = -.267, P < 0.05) and positive with fat free mass (r =.385, P < 0.05) and bone mass (r =.077, P < 0.05). Gender differences were significant in BMR, TBW, VO2max and heart rate (P < 0.05). Evidence of hypertension in relatively healthy children is a clarion call to avert unprecedented decline in future life expectancy rate. Physical activity interventions are suggested antidotes to avert the risk factors of hypertension and excess body fat in children

scholarly journals Capacidad aeróbica y su relación con parámetros de la condición física saludable en escolares

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Andrés Rosa Guillamón ◽  
Eliseo García-Cantó ◽  
Juan José Pérez Soto ◽  
Pedro Luís Rodríguez García
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Capacity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Maximum Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Background and objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between aerobic capacity and other parameters determining fitness in primary school. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study, 298 schoolchildren (139 males and 159 females) aged 8-12. Body composition (weight and height) and physical fitness (capacity, motor aerobic and musculoskeletal) was assessed by ALPHA-Fitness battery. Aerobic capacity and body mass index (under/normal-weight and overweight/obesity) were categorized using standard criteria. The variable motor / muscle overall capacity was calculated, and the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max) was indirectly estimated.  Results: The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) found that men have better values in the test 4x10m (p <0.001), longitudinal jump (p <0.001), Course-Navette (p <0.001) and in VO2max (p <0.001). The ANOVA test showed that schoolchildren with better aerobic capacity have lower weight and body mass index (p <0.001 for both), better performance in the test longitudinal jump (p <0.001) and better overall motor / muscle capacity, and increased VO2max (p <0.001 for both). Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that schoolchildren with healthy cardiorespiratory fitness had better physical fitness and are more likely to have healthy anthropometric parameters.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document