scholarly journals Evaluation of viscosity in binary mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide at 298.15K

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 169-175
Author(s):  
Shipra Baluja
Keyword(s):  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Chemical Processes ◽  
Dimethyl Sulphoxide ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Strength Of Interaction ◽  
Tertiary Butanol ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Experimental Values

The viscosity of binary mixtures of dimethyl sulphoxide with different alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, iso-propanol, 1-butanol, iso-butanol, tertiary butanol has been determined at 298.15K. The experimental values are compared with theoretical values evaluated by different theories. It is observed that for some theories, values are in agreement with the experimental values. Further, an attempt has been made to study the intermolecular interactions in studied solutions in terms of excess free energy of mixing, strength of interaction parameters and interaction energy. The viscosity data of pure liquids and their mixtures are needed to design various chemical processes where heat and mass transfer are important.

Higher Order Conditional Probabilities and Thermodynamics of Binary Molten Alloys

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (02n03) ◽  
pp. 93-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Akinlade
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Cluster Model ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
Thermodynamic Quantities ◽  
Equiatomic Composition ◽  
Conditional Probabilities ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing

The recently introduced four atom cluster model is used to obtain higher order conditional probabilities that describe the atomic correlations in some molten binary alloys. Although the excess free energy of mixing for all the systems studied are almost symmetrical about the equiatomic composition, most other thermodynamic quantities are not and thus, the study enables us to explain the subtle differences in their physical characteristics required to describe the mechanism of the observed strong heterocoordination in Au–Zn or homocoordination in Cu–Ni within the same framework. More importantly, we obtain all calculated quantities for the whole concentration range thus complimenting experimental evidence.

scholarly journals Thermodynamic, structural, transport and surface properties of Pb-Tl liquid alloy

BIBECHANA ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 100-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Yadav ◽  
LN Jha ◽  
D Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Alloy ◽  
Surface Concentration ◽  
Heat Of Formation ◽  
Concentration Fluctuation ◽  
Heat Of Mixing ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Wavelength Limit ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Experimental Values

Thermodynamic properties, such as free energy of mixing, heat of mixing, entropy of mixing, activities and the microscopic structural properties, such as concentration fluctuation in long-wavelength limit and chemical short-range order parameter of Pb-Tl liquid alloy at 773 K have been studied on the basis of regular associated solution model. We have estimated the mole fractions of the complex and the unassociated atoms assuming the existence of  complex as energetically favoured in the liquid state. The compositional contributions of the heat of mixing of the species Pb and Tl and the heat of formation of the compound to the net enthalpy change have also been studied. The transport properties such as, viscosity and the ratio of mutual and intrinsic coefficients have been studied using different approaches. The surface concentration of Tl atoms has been computed and it has been employed to calculate the surface tension of Pb-Tl liquid alloy. Both the theoretical and the experimental values of the concentration fluctuation in long-wavelength limit are found to be less than the ideal value, revealing that the concerned system is hetero-coordinating in nature. The interaction energies are found to be temperature dependent and respective alloy is found to be weakly interacting system. BIBECHANA 13 (2016) 100-113

scholarly journals Theoretical investigations on temperature dependence of thermodynamic properties and concentration fluctuations of In-Tl binary liquid alloys by optimization method

BIBECHANA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 11-23
Author(s):  
G K Shrestha ◽  
I S Jha ◽  
B K Singh
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Liquid Alloy ◽  
Entire Range ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Concentration Fluctuations ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Best Fit

The thermodynamic properties, i.e. free energy of mixing (GM), heat of mixing (HM), entropy of mixing (SM) and activity (ai) of the component i (i , and structural property i.e. concentration fluctuations in long wave-length limit [Scc(0)] of In-Tl binary liquid alloy at a specified temperature have been investigated in the framework of quasi-lattice model on assuming the coupled effect of size ratio and entropic (or energetic) as well as enthalpic effect. These properties of In-Tl liquid alloy at 723 K have been computed theoretically by estimating the best fit value of order energy parameter (W) and size ratio () over the entire range of concentration in order to match their experimental values. The best fit value of  W at 723 K has been used to determine the values of W at different temperatures with the help of temperature derivative of W which are then used for the optimization procedure in order to calculate the corresponding values of excess free energy of mixing, partial excess free energy of mixing and activity of the components involved in the alloy at different temperatures. These parameters have been used to investigate the concentration fluctuations in long wavelength limit {Scc(0)} of In-Tl binary liquid alloy at different temperatures over the entire range of concentration which have been used to predict the various other structural properties like excess stability function (EXS), diffusion coefficient ratio (Dm/Did), short range order parameter (α1) at different temperatures.BIBECHANA 15 (2018) 11-23

The rubidium chloride – sodium chloride phase diagram

1970 ◽  
Vol 48 (22) ◽  
pp. 3483-3486 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Pelton ◽  
S. N. Flengas
Keyword(s):  
Phase Diagram ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Excess Entropy ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Thermochemical Data ◽  
Cooling Curves ◽  
Molar Excess ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing

The phase diagram of the RbCl–NaCl system has been measured by the method of cooling curves. By combining these data with available thermochemical data for the system, the integral molar excess free energy of mixing at 800 °C has been calculated as ΔGE = −632XRbClXNaCl cal/mole; and the integral molar excess entropy of mixing has been calculated as ΔSE = −0.208XRbClXNaCl cal/°K mole. Estimated precisions are ±50 cal for ΔGE and ±0.05 cal/°K mole for ΔSE at XRbCl = XNaCl = 0.5.

Molecular Interaction in Binary Mixtures of Benzyl Alcohol with Ethanol, Propan-1-ol and Octan-1-ol at 303 K: An Ultrasonic and Viscometric Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1125-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar Ali ◽  
Abida ◽  
Soghra Hyder ◽  
Anil Kumar Nain
Keyword(s):  
Benzyl Alcohol ◽  
Binary Mixtures ◽  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Isentropic Compressibility ◽  
Viscosity Data ◽  
Common Component ◽  
Ideal Mixing ◽  
Empirical Relations ◽  
Experimental Values

Densities, ultrasonic speeds and viscosities have been measured for benzyl alcohol, ethanol, propan-1-ol, octan-1-ol and for their binary mixtures with benzyl alcohol as common component at 303 K. From the experimental data, isentropic compressibility, relative association, acoustic impedance, molar sound velocity, excess volume, excess isentropic compressibility, deviations of viscosity and ultrasonic speed from linear dependence on composition, excess acoustic impedance and molecular association for all the three binary mixtures were obtained. These parameters have been interpreted in terms of intermolecular interactions. The experimental viscosity data of the three binary mixtures were used to test the validity of the empirical relations of Grunberg-Nissan, Tamura-Kurata, Hind-Mclaughlin, Katti-Chaudhary and Heric. The experimental values of ultrasonic speeds have been compared with those predicted on the basis of the Nomoto empirical relation, collision factor theory, free length theory and van Dael and Vangeel ideal mixing relation. The relative merits of these theories and relations are discussed.

scholarly journals Activity of Mercury in its Amalgams at Molten Stage

1970 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 56-58
Author(s):  
SK Chakrabarti ◽  
BK Jha ◽  
IS Jha
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Successive Approximations ◽  
Method Of Successive Approximations ◽  
Size Factor ◽  
Thermodynamic Relation ◽  
Binary Liquid ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Interchange Energy ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Experimental Values

In the present work we have considered two molten amalgams e.g. sodium amalgam and potassium amalgam. Efforts are made to compute the activity of mercury therein by applying Flory's model. This statistical mechanical model is based on the size factor of the ingredients of a binary liquid alloy. In case of each of the amalgams we have started with the expression for the free energy of mixing (GM) according to this model. After knowing the ratio of the atomic volumes of the constituent species of an amalgam the prime task becomes the determination of the interchange energy (ω) between them. For this purpose the experimental values of GM for different concentrations of the ingredients of the amalgam are collected. From these known values ω has been computed by using the expression for GM. A suitable value of ω is chosen from the set of values so obtained. Putting this value of ω the free energy of mixing is calculated for several concentrations and then compared with its observed values. Accordingly, a modified value of ω has been considered and the calculations are repeated. In this way by the method of successive approximations we have ascertained the value of the interchange energy. Thereafter, with the help of standard thermodynamic relation activity has been computed. The results explain the observed anomaly of the activity of mercury in the present molten amalgams. Keywords: Binary liquid alloys; Flory's model; Amalgams; Activity of mercury. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v8i8.3850 Scientific World Vol.8(8) 2010 pp.56-58

Theory of Immiscibility in Mineral Systems

1964 ◽  
Vol 33 (266) ◽  
pp. 1015-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Standard Free Energy ◽  
Regular Solutions ◽  
Qualitative Interpretation ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Mineral Assemblages ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing ◽  
The Stability ◽  
End Members

SummaryThe theoretical basis for the stability of binary and quasi-binary solutions is discussed with special emphasis on miscibility relations. Solutions of the distribution equations are presented for the case of two and three coexisting regular solutions and this model is used to illustrate the energetics of miscibility relations. The same principles are then extended to give a qualitative interpretation to sequences of mineral assemblages consisting of pyroxenes, amphiboles, micas, and feldspars. A formulation is presented for the intrinsic stability of a solution, which depends on the presence or absence of an excess free energy of mixing, and the extrinsic stability of a solution, which depends on the standard free energy of the component end members.

Gibb‘s Excess Free Energy of Mixing

1972 ◽  
Vol 251O (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Khosla ◽  
B. S. Mahl ◽  
S. L. Chopra ◽  
P. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing

Excess free energies of mixing at temperatures below 25°. Isopiestic measurements on the systems H2O-NaCl-Na2SO4 and H2O-NaCl-MgSO4

1971 ◽  
Vol 24 (12) ◽  
pp. 2487 ◽  
Author(s):  
CW Childs ◽  
RF Platford
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Vapour Pressure ◽  
Excess Free Energy ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Experimental Uncertainty ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Isopiestic Measurements ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Energy Of Mixing ◽  
Free Energy Of Mixing

Isopiestic vapour pressure measurements have been made on the systems H2O-NaCl-Na2SO4 and H2O-NaCl-MgSO4 at 15� and 0�. Excess free energies of mixing the aqueous salts hare been calculated for various ionic strengths, and the results have been compared with those previously obtained at 25�. ��� Within experimental uncertainty the excess free energies of mixing of aqueous NaCl with aqueous Na2SO4 are the same at 0�, 15�, and 25�. However, the excess free energy of mixing aqueous NaCl with aqueous MgSO4 shows differences which may be just larger than experimental uncertainty over the same temperature range.

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