Investigation of soil tillage practices and weed control methods on Zea may farms in North West of Iran

The aim of this study was to identify the most appropriate options for maintenance of soil in vineyards located on flat land or mild slopes, and soils with a medium or high fertility. Tillage in the vineyard is carried out to preserve the soil loosening, for maintaining the humus and nutrients in soil, for activation of chemical and biological processes and last but not the least to maintain weed control. Choosing the most suitable system of vineyards floor management (middle rows, undervine, around vineyard) is a major problem which depends on preserving or enhancing soil fertility, improvement or worsening the soil physical, chemical and biological characteristics, ensuring water from soil and weed control. The experimental variants consisted of different practices of soil tillage, as follows: V1-bare row middles and grass strips/bare soil under vine; V2-bare soil/herbicides treatment under vine; V3-bare row middles/bare soil under vine; V4-bare row middles with ripped soil/bare soil under vine; V5- raw middles and grass strips/manual hoeing under vine; V6-bare row middles/rotary hoe under vine; V7-raw middles and grass strips/herbicides treatment under vine. Observations were made on ‘Burgund’ cultivar regarding buds viability, grape production, yield quality and sugar content. The highest yield per hectare was achieved in the soil with bare raw middles prepared with rotary hoe under vine (V6). On soils with moisture deficiency and a high content of clay, vineyards floor management is recommended to be maintained both under vine and on raw middles, as well with the adjustable rotary tiller.

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Exploring the Effects of Different Stubble Tillage Practices and Glyphosate Application Combined with the New Soil Residual Herbicide Cinmethylin against Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. in Winter Wheat

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010167 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 167

Author(s):

Miriam Hannah Messelhäuser ◽

Marcus Saile ◽

Bernd Sievernich ◽

Roland Gerhards

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Weed Control ◽

Weed Management ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Effective Control ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Alopecurus Myosuroides ◽

Crop Density ◽

Seedbed Preparation

Effective control of Alopecurus myosuroides Huds. (blackgrass) solely with a chemical treatment is not guaranteed anymore because populations exhibit resistance to almost all herbicide modes of action. Integrated weed management (IWM) against blackgrass is necessary to maintain high weed control efficacies in winter cereals. Four field experiments were conducted in Southwest Germany from 2018 to 2020 to control A. myosuroides with a combination of cultural and chemical methods. Stubble treatments, including flat, deep and inversion soil tillage; false seedbed preparation and glyphosate use, were combined with the application of the new pre-emergence herbicide cinmethylin in two rates in winter wheat. Average densities of A. myosuroides in the untreated control plots were up to 505 plants m−2. The combination of different stubble management strategies and the pre-emergence herbicide cinmethylin controlled 86–97% of A. myosuroides plants at the low rate and 95–100% at the high rate until 120 days after sowing. The different stubble tillage practices varied in their efficacy between trials and years. Most effective and consistent were pre-sowing glyphosate application on the stubble and stale seedbed preparation with a disc harrow. Stubble treatments increased winter wheat density in the first year but had no effect on crop density in the second year. Pre-emergence application of cinmethylin did not reduce winter wheat densities. Multiple tactics of weed control, including stubble treatments and pre-emergence application of cinmethylin, provided higher and more consistent control of A. myosuroides. Integration of cultural weed management could prevent the herbicide resistance development.

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The influence of soil tillage systems and weed control methods on weed infestation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

Acta Agrobotanica ◽

10.5586/aa.2009.045 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 231-240

Author(s):

Krystyna Zarzecka ◽

Alicja Baranowska ◽

Marek Gugała

Keyword(s):

Weed Control ◽

Solanum Tuberosum L ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Control Methods ◽

Atmospheric Conditions ◽

Weed Species ◽

Tillage Systems ◽

Tillage System ◽

Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the years 2002- 2004 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52<sup>o</sup>06' N; 22<sup>o</sup>06' E), belonging to the University of Podlasie in Siedlce, Poland. The investigated factors were two soil tillage systems (traditional and reduced) and seven methods of weed control in potato canopies with herbicide application. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of tillage systems and weed control methods on the weed species composition and weed density. Tillage systems, weed control methods and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the study years significantly varied weed infestation of potato canopies at the beginning of vegetation and before tuber harvest. The lowest number of weeds, compared to the control treatment, was recorded in the treatments in which chemical and mechanical weed control had been applied. The treatments with the traditional tillage system also showed lower weed infestation than those in which simplifications had been applied.

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Changes in the content of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers according to soil tillage and weed control methods

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/2221-pse ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 53 (No. 6) ◽

pp. 247-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Zarzecka ◽

M. Gugala

Keyword(s):

Field Experiment ◽

Weed Control ◽

Initial Treatment ◽

Weather Conditions ◽

Growing Season ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Control Methods ◽

Potato Tubers ◽

The University ◽

Tillage Methods

A field experiment was carried out in the fields of the Experimental Farm in Zawady owned by the University of Podlasie in Siedlce. An influence of soil tillage methods and herbicides application on the content of glycoalkaloids in edible potato tubers of the Viking cultivar was studied. The results obtained indicated that the content of glycoalkaloids in non-peeled tubers significantly depended on the method of soil tillage and weed control as well as on the research year, whereas in peeled tubers the content significantly depended only on the weather conditions in the growing season. The content of glycoalkaloids in the tubers subjected to the initial treatment (peeling) decreased to 46.81−55.3%, compared to the level of glycoalkaloids before peeling.

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Effect of period of sugarcane cultivation on the abundance and distribution of weed seeds in the soil profile

Planta Daninha ◽

10.1590/s0100-83582014000300006 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 32 (3) ◽

pp. 507-513

Author(s):

R.O. Adereti ◽

F.O Takim ◽

Y.A. Abayomi

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Seed Banks ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Soil Tillage ◽

Fallow Period ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Weed Seeds ◽

Seed Distribution ◽

Screen House

An experiment was laid down in a screen house to determine the distribution of weed seeds at different soil depths and periods of cultivation of sugarcane in Ilorin, Nigeria. Soil samples from different depth levels (0-10 cm, 11-20 cm and 21-30 cm) were collected after harvesting of canes from three different land use fields (continuous sugarcane cultivation for > 20 years, continuous sugarcane cultivation for < 10 years after long fallow period and continuous sugarcane cultivation for < 5 years after long fallow period) in November, 2012. One kilogram of the sieved composite soil samples was arranged in the screen house and watered at alternate days. Germinating weed seedlings were identified, counted and then pulled out for the period of 8 months. Land use and soil depth had a highly significant (p £ 0.05) effect on the total number of weeds that emerged from the soil samples. The 010 cm of the soil depth had the highest weed seedlings that emerged. There was an equal weed seed distribution at the 11-20 cm and 21-30 cm depths of the soil. Sugarcane fields which have been continuously cultivated for a long period of time with highly disturbing soil tillage practices tend to have larger seed banks in deeper soil layers (11-20 cm and 21-30 cm) while recently opened fields had significantly larger seed banks at the 0-10 cm soil sampling depth.

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