scholarly journals Changes in the content of glycoalkaloids in potato tubers according to soil tillage and weed control methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 247-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Zarzecka ◽  
M. Gugala
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
The University ◽  
Tillage Methods

A field experiment was carried out in the fields of the Experimental Farm in Zawady owned by the University of Podlasie in Siedlce. An influence of soil tillage methods and herbicides application on the content of glycoalkaloids in edible potato tubers of the Viking cultivar was studied. The results obtained indicated that the content of glycoalkaloids in non-peeled tubers significantly depended on the method of soil tillage and weed control as well as on the research year, whereas in peeled tubers the content significantly depended only on the weather conditions in the growing season. The content of glycoalkaloids in the tubers subjected to the initial treatment (peeling) decreased to 46.81−55.3%, compared to the level of glycoalkaloids before peeling.

scholarly journals Effective Weed Control in Maize

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana BOGDAN ◽  
Teodor RUSU ◽  
Ştefania GADEA ◽  
Ilarie IVAN ◽  
Paula MORARU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Maize Crop ◽  
Optimal Network ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Weeds Control

The paper present the results of 26 variants of weed control in maize (grouped in 6 distinctly strategies) which were tested in 2010 agricultural year in a one factorial stationary experiment. Three of the strategies were based on post emergence weed control methods, two of them – on pre-emergent weed control method and one of them – based on both methods. The main goal was establishing an optimal network weeds control in maize crop. Maize weed in Luduş area increased, due to weed seeds reserve in the arable stratum and weather conditions, which allow weeds to grow alternatively, and because of the development of problem-causing species during the maize vegetation period, when no tilling is performed.

scholarly journals Adaptation of silage maize varieties under extreme northern growing condions in Finland

1979 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 197-209
Author(s):  
Seppo Pulli ◽  
P. M. A. Tigerstedt ◽  
Osmo Kara
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Vegetative Period ◽  
Average Temperature ◽  
Silage Maize ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
The University

Trials with maize varieties from various places in the world were started in 1975. In preliminary trials in 1975, 280 varieties were tested. Between 19 and 23 varieties were selected for ordinary variety tests in 1976—78 at the University farm in Siuntio. Weather conditions, particularly average daily temperatures in 1975 were better than the long term averages, and in 1976—78 far below the average growing conditions. Dry matter yields of the seven harvested silage varieties in 1975 varied between 5.8 and 11.5 tons/ha. In 1976—78 the variation in DM yields was 3.8—8.0 tons/ha among 19—23 varieties. In 1975, 44 varieties out of 280 produced mature seed. Only one variety matured in 1978, but none in 1976—77. The developmental stage of silage maize is primarily determined by ear percentage and secondarily by DM %. In 1975 the average ear % of seven varieties was 49.1 %, in 1978 18.1 % and in 1976—77 only 4.0—5.7 % in DM. As a result of the variety tests promising varieties from Yugoslavia, France and Germany could be found. It can be concluded from the long term temperature data that with very early hybrid varieties a mature grain yield can be harvested twice in ten years. Good quality silage material can be harvested six times in ten years and a satisfactory crop can be obtained eight times in then years. The limiting factor for the growth and development of maize in Finland is the low average temperature of the growing season. Important but less significant is the length of the vegetative period, which is determined by the first killing frost in the fall. The temperature deficit is particularly critical at the beginning of the growing season.

scholarly journals Evalu ation of potato hybrids according to tuber flesh darkening and other useful agronomic characters under the conditions of Kirov Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 182 (3) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
N. F. Sintsova ◽  
I. V. Lyskova ◽  
E. I. Kratyuk ◽  
V. M. Arkhipov
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Potato Breeding ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Hybrid Progeny ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Agronomic Characters ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Tuber Flesh

Background. Resistance of raw and boiled tuber flesh to darkening when potato is processed into potato-based products or consumed directly is an important requirement for new potato cultivars. Identification of hybrids resistant to tuber flesh darkening would contribute immensely to future breeding work.Materials and methods. Parent forms and hybrid progeny of potato were tested for five years (2016–2020) in Kirov Province using the methods and technologies approved for potato breeding process. The progeny of 10 cultivars used as pollinators was analyzed.Results and conclusions. Cultivars with high levels of resistance to the darkening of raw tuber flesh were selected in the collection nursery. A total of 62 accessions (or 24%) out of 256 were identified for the absence of darkening or only small traces thereof (8 points) in raw tubers. Medium and strong darkening of the flesh (4–5 points) was recorded for 45 accessions. Analyzing the progeny of pollinator cultivars showed an increased occurrence of hybrids resistant to tuber flesh darkening in the progeny of cv. ‘Manifest’: 71% of the studied hybrids had non-darkening flesh (9 points). Manifestation of tuber flesh darkening was found to depend on weather conditions during the growing season: the higher was the air temperature, the weaker was the darkening of raw tuber flesh, but when the soil moisture during tuberization was high, tuber flesh became more darkened. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the darkening of boiled tubers and the content of crude protein (r = 0.74) and vitamin C (r = 0.79). Hybrid 179-10 was identified for high productivity (32.5 t/ha) and crude protein content (1.54%), while the highest resistance to the darkening of raw and boiled potato tubers was registered in hybrid 72-13.

scholarly journals Changes in dry weight and starch content in potato under the effect of herbicides and biostimulants  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Zarzecka ◽  
Marek Gugała ◽  
Iwona Mystkowska ◽  
Anna Sikorska
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Starch Content ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Starch Accumulation ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Ecklonia Maxima ◽  
Two Factors

The aim of the study was to determine the interaction of herbicides and herbicides with biostimulants on the accumulation of dry matter and starch in potato tubers. In a three-year field experiment based on the method of randomised sub-blocks, two factors were taken into account. The first factor were potato cultivars: Bartek, Gawin, Honorata. The second factor were five methods of herbicides and biostimulants application: (1) the control object without chemical protection (CO); (2) herbicide linuron + clomazone (Harrier 295 ZC) (H); (3) herbicide linuron + clomazone (Harrier 295 ZC) and biostimulant Ecklonia maxima (Kelpak SL) – (H + K); (4) herbicide metribuzin (Sencor 70 WG) – (S); (5) herbicide metribuzin (Sencor 70 WG) and biostimulant sodium para-nitrophenol, sodium ortho-nitrophenol, sodium 5-nitroguaiacol (Asahi SL) – (S + A). The cultivars and weather conditions significantly affected the content and yields of dry matter and starch. The herbicides and biostimulants used determined the starch accumulation as well as dry matter and starch yields. Most starch in tubers (more by 3.7 g/kg) and the highest dry matter and starch yields (more by 2.87 and 1.79 t/ha, respectively), compared to the control object, were obtained after the application of the herbicide Sencor 70 WG and biostimulant Asahi SL.  

scholarly journals The Effect of Potato Ridge Height and Harvest Date on Tuber Injuries

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 225-230
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Rymuza ◽  
Antoni Bombik ◽  
Dariusz Stopa ◽  
Zbigniew Pawlonka
Keyword(s):  
Growing Season ◽  
Natural Sciences ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Harvest Date ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Soil Pests ◽  
Tuber Infection ◽  
Ridge Height ◽  
The University

Abstract A potato experiment was conducted from 2004 to 2006 at the Zawady Experimental Farm. The farm is part of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce, Poland. Tuber infection and injury by diseases and pathogens of three potato cultivars were assessed according to the potato ridge height and harvest date. The weight of mechanically injured tubers was also determined depending on the potato ridge height and harvest date. The weight of potato tubers infected by fungal and bacterial diseases was influenced by the cultivar, growing season, harvest date, and ridge height. Potatoes grown to their standard height and height ridges, were significantly less infected by diseases at the first harvest date. The weight of tubers in which the tubers were injured by soil pests, was affected by the cultivar and ridge height. Potatoes cultivated in a ridge which was 20 cm high, had tubers with significantly less mechanical injuries compared with a low (16 cm) ridge and high (24 cm) ridge.

scholarly journals The influence of soil tillage systems and weed control methods on weed infestation of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.)

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-240
Author(s):  
Krystyna Zarzecka ◽  
Alicja Baranowska ◽  
Marek Gugała
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum L ◽  
Soil Tillage ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Tillage Systems ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Weed Infestation

A field experiment was conducted in the years 2002- 2004 at the Zawady Agricultural Experimental Station (52<sup>o</sup>06' N; 22<sup>o</sup>06' E), belonging to the University of Podlasie in Siedlce, Poland. The investigated factors were two soil tillage systems (traditional and reduced) and seven methods of weed control in potato canopies with herbicide application. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of tillage systems and weed control methods on the weed species composition and weed density. Tillage systems, weed control methods and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the study years significantly varied weed infestation of potato canopies at the beginning of vegetation and before tuber harvest. The lowest number of weeds, compared to the control treatment, was recorded in the treatments in which chemical and mechanical weed control had been applied. The treatments with the traditional tillage system also showed lower weed infestation than those in which simplifications had been applied.

scholarly journals Frequency of Iron Application Influences Bermudagrass Tolerance to Herbicides

1992 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 228-231
Author(s):  
Robert N. Carrow ◽  
B. Jack Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Initial Treatment ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Monosodium Salt ◽  
Response Versus ◽  
Color Response ◽  
Postemergence Herbicides ◽  
Minor Improvement ◽  
Quinolinecarboxylic Acid

Abstract Postemergence herbicides used for weed control in bermudagrasses (Cynodon spp.) often cause turf injury. A field experiment was initiated to determine the effect of multiple foliar-iron (Fe) applications for reducing injury from postemergence herbicides on ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass [C. transvaalensis Burtt-Davy × C. dactylon (L.) Pers.]. Iron was applied at 1 to 4 applications at 1.12 kg Fe/ha (1.0 lb/A) per treatment on a 4-day interval. Herbicides were applied at recommended rates. When bermudagrass was treated with either Image (Imazaquin), {2-[4, 5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid}, MSMA (monosodium salt of MAA), and MSMA plus Image or Sencor (Metribuzin), [4-amino-6-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-3-(methylthio)-1,2,4-triazin-5(4H)-one], 2 Fe applications caused only slight turf color improvement compared to 1 Fe. Three Fe applications compared to 1 Fe, however, significantly enhanced turf color by 1 to 10% in combination with all herbicides for 16 to 26 days after initial treatment. The 4 Fe treatment provided only minor improvement in degree of color or duration of color response versus 3 Fe. Iron did not influence any shoot density loss caused by herbicides. On high-maintenance turf where discoloration is objectionable, the use of multiple Fe applications would be feasible for reducing herbicide-induced color loss.

scholarly journals The effect of herbicides and their mixtures and weather conditions on the content of vitamin C in edible potato tubers

2020 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
MAREK GUGAŁA ◽  
KRYSTYNA ZARZECKA ◽  
ANNA SIKORSKA
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Potato Cultivars ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Mechanical Control ◽  
Control Command

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of the herbicides and their mixtures and weather conditions on the content of vitamin C in tubers of three edible potato cultivars. A field experiment was conducted from 2008 to 2010 at the Zawady Experimental Farm (52°03'N and 22°33'E) belonging to Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities. The experiment was established as a two-factorial split-plot arrangement with three replicates. The experimental factors included: I – three edible potato cultivars: ‘Cekin’, ‘Satina’ and ‘Tajfun’; II – five weed control methods: 1. mechanical weed control only – control, 2. mechanical and chemical control – mechanical control + Command 480 EC (clomazone 480 g·dm–3), 3. mechanical and chemical control – mechanical control + Command 480 EC (clomazone 480 g·dm–3) + Dispersion Afalon 450 SC (linuron 450 g·dm–3), 4. mechanical and chemical control – mechanical control + Stomp 400 SC (pendimethalin 400 g·dm–3), 5. mechanical and chemical control – mechanical control + Stomp 400 SC (pendimethalin 400 g·dm–3) + Dispersion Afalon 450 SC (linuron 450 g·dm–3). Research results were statistically analysed using analysis of variance. The research demonstrated that vitamin C content in potato tubers ranged from 207.5 to 215.8 mg·kg–1 fresh matter and was significantly affected by cultivars. The examined herbicides and their mixtures significantly affected the potato tuber content of vitamin C, which increased from 3.3 to 10.4 mg·kg–1, on average, compared with control where only mechanical control had been used. The effect of care methods on the content of vitamin C was dependent on the genetic factor. In the ‘Santina’ and ‘Tajfun’ cultivars, the highest content was obtained due to the care with herbicides Stomp 400 SC and Dispersion Afalon 450 SC, while in the ‘Cekin’ cultivar, it was the same on all objects regardless of the care used. Moreover, meteorological conditions significantly influenced the vitamin C accumulation. The lowest vitamin C content was recorded in the final study year, when the highest annual rainfall sum was accompanied by the air temperature averaging 15.6°C.

scholarly journals Evaluation of some Herbicides' Efficacy in Weed Control Accompanying some Wheat Cultivars and Their Effect on Yield and Its Components

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 140-155
Author(s):  
Sura A. Khudur ◽  
Taha Y.M. Al-Edany ◽  
Layla A. Bnayan
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiment ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
Effect On Yield

A field experiment was conducted at Al-Qaim area 90 km north of Basrah Province, Iraq during the growing season of 2018-2019. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of three different herbicides includes Pallas 4.5%OD (125ml.Donum-2), Spotlight75%DWG(5g.Donum-2) and Clodex100EC (150ml.Donum-2) to control the weeds growing with two cultivars of wheat (Ebaa-99 and Buhooth-22). The results showed that Ebaa-99 cultivar was superior in the average of plant height (77.99 cm), flag leaf area (29.15cm2), number of tillers (701.50 tillers.m-2), number of spikes (615.61 spikes.m-2), weight of 1000 grain (43.41g), grain yield (5203.34 Kg.ton-2), biological yield (15216.58 Kg/ha), harvest indicator (35.25%), dry weight of narrow-leaved (14.14 g.m-2) and broad-leaved weeds (43.64g.m-2). While Buhooth-22 cultivar revealed superiority in the number of grains per spike (28.66 grain.spike-2), length of the spike (7.76 cm) and protein content (10.47%). Spraying treatments by the formulation of the herbicides Spotlight and Clodex were significantly exceeded other treatments in all crop plant growing components.

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