Public policies, sovereignty and the right of asylum for people with disabilities: an analysis from the constructivist perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marinana Andrade Barros ◽  
Ary Jorge Aguiar Nogueira
2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Flavia Piva Almeida Leite ◽  
Adalberto Simão Filho ◽  
José Marcelo Menezes Vigliar

Resumo: A pesquisa parte da visão legislativa posterior à adesão do país a Convenção sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência e seu Protocolo Facultativo, promulgados pela Organização das Nações Unidas, que contribuíram para a edição da Lei nº 13.146, de 02 de julho de 2015 que Institui a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência (Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência). O ambiente de sociedade da informação é avaliado do ponto de vista das políticas públicas estabelecidas no Marco Civil de internet pela Lei 12.965/14. O desafio do direito de votar e de ser votado por parte da pessoa com deficiência, também é abordado juntamente com a ideia de acessibilidade digital e de cidadania. Abstract: The research part of the subsequent legislative vision to the country's accession to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol, promulgated by the United Nations, which contributed to the enactment of Law No. 13,146, of July 2, 2015 that establishes Brazilian Law of Inclusion of People with Disabilities (Status of Persons with Disabilities ). The information society environment is evaluated from the point of view of public policies established in the Internet Civil Marco by Law 12,965 / 14. The challenge of the right to vote and to be voted by the person with disabilities is also discussed along with the idea of digital accessibility and citizenship.


2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 49-68
Author(s):  
LUZ BONILLA ◽  
◽  
LINA GUZMAN

rom the legal office of the Republican University Corporation, legal brigades are being carried out in different localities of Bogotá, where the approach to the communities has shown the need for interdisciplinarity with Social Work and the essential for the formation of citizens who think about collective projects and the construction of more equitable societies for all. In this space law students who belong to the Disability Convention of the legal office, provide legal advice in different locations discovering realities that need a transformation and that even belong to the reality of the adviser’s own environment, giving a new experience that takes them to think of a «want to change and help», forming more reflective, sensitive, understandable subjects that are aware of the differences between all people (in our case, people with disabilities, PcD). All this leads to the emergence of new questions and proposals to help, change or apply from their law career, where they are: laws, decrees, public policies and mainly the application of the «United Nations Con- vention on the Rights of people with disabilities «(2006) which was ratified by Colombia; it is struggling against pre-established models and common ways of seeing discouragement, which gave way to the social and legal limitations of PWD. In several nations in its historical line,models were used that allowed the exclusion, violation or limitation of the exercise of the right and the effective participation of PWD in conditions of equality with other members of society. Colombia has created public policies for PcD where its dignity and quality of human beings are recognized, historically it is based on the struggle that had been posed since the seventies in Europe and the United States to stop being considered second class citizens, disabled people, sick or mutilated. These campaigns and protests were aimed at allowing PWDs to form inclusive societies that accept the difference, respecting the human dignity of all people regardless of the «disability» they may have.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Winckler ◽  
F Zioni ◽  
G Johson

Abstract Background This study aims to analyse the social representations of health needs in a Brazilian municipality, questioning the capacity that public policies developed and implemented by the Brazilian Health System (SUS) had to meet these needs. Methods Qualitative case study in which the data were analysed by: 1) the Health Needs Taxonomy (Matsumoto, 1999), as an instrument for assessing health needs, formatting the interview guide and organizing the empirical data; 2) the Theory of Social Representations (Jovchelovitch, 2000), to capture health needs; 3) Content Analysis (Bardin, 2004), as an instrument of analysis and comparison of perceived needs. The methodological path used was the same in the two moments in which this research is based (2009 and 2016). The entire municipal territory was analyzed and 26 representatives of civil society organizations were interviewed. Results Based on the results given, we state that health is a permanent and timeless need, but the mediations for its satisfaction have changed historically. The interface between quantitative indicators and subjectivity in assessing needs reveals the authoritarian architecture of its decision-making process, which has ruined the necessary democracy for prioritising and meeting those needs. The asymmetrical relationships present in the Brazilian society have both undermined the collective character of health needs and promoted the distance between who care and who are cared for. Most of the priorities listed by the interviewees in 2009 remain composing the social context of the municipality in 2016. Conclusions The challenges for comprehensive health care remain critical given both the decrease in popular political participation and in institutional spaces, which leads to the annulment of the right to a universal health. Interdisciplinary and participatory diagnostics remain essential to understand the complexity of social changes and the challenges for the consolidation of meeting health needs. Key messages The capacity that public policies developed and implemented by the Brazilian Health System (SUS) had to meet these needs. The challenges for meeting health needs remain critical given both the decrease in political participation and in institutional spaces, which leads to the annulment of the right to a universal health.


2019 ◽  
pp. 46-73
Author(s):  
Arturo Miguel Chípuli Castillo

El acceso a la información pública es considerado uno de los pilares de los sistemas democráticos contemporáneos. Su trascendencia radica en que, a través de dicho derecho humano, la población puede acceder a información fundamental para el ejercicio de otros derechos, la prevención de abusos por parte del Estado, y exigir la rendición de cuentas. Es por ello que, a partir de las políticas públicas, el Estado puede materializar los compromisos adoptados en materia de acceso a la información pública, estableciendo niveles de cumplimiento mínimos, pautas a seguir por las autoridades, así como mecanismos de protección y de garantía. Con motivo de lo anterior, el presente trabajo esboza un estándar sobre el derecho de acceso a la información, mismo que puede servir de base para la construcción de políticas públicas en materia de acceso a la información pública.


2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (esp. 2) ◽  
pp. 1137-1164
Author(s):  
Patricia Tanganelli Lara ◽  
Eladio Sebastián-Heredero

The Incluir Program influenced institutional policies for the implementation of accessibility actions for people with disabilities in higher education, in all Brazilian states. With financial support from the MEC, Brazilian universities created and/or restructured diversity support units in Federal Institutions of Higher Education and State Institutions of Higher Education. Thus, the objective of this work is to analyze how the current situation is, from the productions of theses and master's thesis, since their publication, to understand how these Higher Education institutions have organized to support the entry and permanence of people with disabilities after this financial contribution and the publications of the inclusion public policies in Brazil. The methodological procedures of this research are qualitative and bibliographic in nature, using content analysis. The results of this investigated period revealed progress in the implementation of public policies, after 2005, with the creation of diversity support units and resources for the inclusion of young people and adults with disabilities, it was also possible to identify the need for teacher formation and for professionals working in these institutions to eliminate the attitudinal and communication barriers located in many higher education institutions.


Stanovnistvo ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Branka Jablan ◽  
Marta Sjenicic

Sexuality represents one of the basic dimensions of human existence, which is channelled through sexual and gender identification and role, sexual orientation, eroticism, emotional commitment, satisfaction, and reproduction. Sexuality is also linked to many significant health problems, especially in the area of reproductive and sexual health. Sexual health is the condition of physical, emotional, mental, and social wellbeing that is linked with sexuality. Knowledge about sexual health, contraception and selection of contraceptives, and the risk of sexually transmittable diseases is not only relevant for individuals? sexuality; it?s also important for encouraging the use of health services and other forms of support that are necessary to protect youth from sexually transmittable diseases and the maintenance of sexual and re-productive health. When it comes to sexuality and care of reproductive and sexual health, some groups are especially vulnerable. Bearing in mind the specific conditions women with disabilities grow up in and their dependence on assistance and support from other people, satisfying their needs for partnership, sexuality, and parenthood becomes unattainable for many, or it takes place under the control of professionals or family members. In this context, people with visual impairments are part of a vulnerable group, acknowledging that visual impairment leads to limitations in everyday life, autonomy, and quality of life to its full potential. The purpose of this article is to describe the phenomena of sexuality and sexual health among people with visual impairments, and to point out the existing international and national normative frameworks relevant to the sexual health of people with disabilities. Existing legislative acts acknowledge the right to a normal sexual life, as well as to the care and maintenance of the sexual health of people with disabilities. However, there are many obstacles and limitations that hamper the practical application of these rights: health issues, communication problems, lack of privacy, people?s acceptance of the inhibition of their own sexuality, or their acceptance of the labelling and normalisation of their situation. Even considering the existence of the regulation, the system of support for maintaining and improving the sexual and reproductive health of women with disabilities is not developed enough. The lack of literature relating to this topic shows that its importance is not recognised enough among the relevant actors, including organisations that advocate for people with disabilities. Realising the existing general legal framework requires the will of policymakers, who could enact and implement specific bylaw regulations, as well as activating the societal actors relevant to this field.


Percurso ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (30) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Valmir César POZZETTI ◽  
André Fregapani LEITE ◽  
Ana Carolina LUCENA

RESUMO Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar os critérios utilizados para aprovação dos incentivos fiscais as empresas produtoras de agrotóxicos, como objetivo específico analisar quais são os incentivos fiscais concedidos ás empresas produtoras de agrotóxicos, qual o processo e critérios para aprovação destes, verificar o atual cenário e quais as políticas públicas estão sendo implementadas, se o direito à alimentação saudável está sendo obeservado de acordo com a legislação vigente e agências fiscalizadoras, qual a repercussão do uso dos agrotóxicos no meio ambiente, nas lavouras, e quais as consequências do uso dos agrotóxicos na sáude da população. A metodologia utilizada nesta pesquisa foi o método dedutivo; quanto aos meios foi desenvolvida através do método dedutivo/descritivo; quanto aos meios a análise foi a bibliográfica, com uso da doutrina, legislação e jurisprudencia. Quanto aos fins, a pesquisa foi qualitativa. Conclui-se que os incetivos fiscais à produção de agrotóxicos são injustificáveis, uma vez que a concessão desses benefícios não seguem critérios objetivos; que existe uma verdadeira relação feudal do Estado brasileiro e as empresas transnacionais produtoras de agrotóxicos; que o agronegócio brasileiro é totalmente depedente do uso desses produtos, criando uma relação servil; que o discurso utilizado para a concessão dos benefícios fiscais é de que o agrotóxico aumenta a produção agrícola gerando emprego e desenvolvimento econômico, mas as políticas públicas no que tange aos agrotóxicos, são dúbias e obscuras, não há transparência na concessão dos benefícios e nem quais são as empresas contempladas; que a falta de critérios objetivos traz prejuízos a economia brasileira, pois há redução nas receitas tributárias, recursos esses, que poderiam ser investidos em outras áreas, aumentando a margem de lucro das empresas; que os incentivos criam competição desleal entre os alimentos naturais e os cultivados com agrotóxicos, além de contaminar o meio ambiente, trabalhadores rurais e a população de forma indireta; que a concessão de incentivos não possui como critério a exigência da não produção de externalidades negativas que o Estado terá que arcar pelo uso indiscriminado e prolongado dos agrotóxicos. Concluiu-se que é necessário a imposição de critérios para a utilização dos agrotóxicos, transparência no processo de contemplação de isenções, valorização dos alimentos naturais e agricultura familiar, informando a população dos malefícios dos agrotóxicos, e a quebra do paradigma de dependência dos agrotóxicos.PALAVRAS-CHAVES: Agrotóxicos; Incentivos fiscais; Empresas.ABSTRACTThe objective of this research is to analyze the criteria used to approve tax incentives for agrochemical companies, as a specific objective to analyze the tax incentives granted to companies, the process and criteria for approval of pesticides, to verify the current scenario and which public policies are being implemented, whether the right to healthy food is being observed in accordance with current legislation and enforcement agencies, what is the repercussion of the use of pesticides on the environment, on crops, and what are the consequences of the use of pesticides in health of the population. The methodology used in this research regarding the means was developed through the deductive, descriptive and qualitative method, through the doctrinal, bibliographical and jurisprudential analysis. As for the purposes, the research was qualitative. It is concluded that tax incentives are unjustifiable, since the concession of these benefits do not follow objective criteria, there is a true feudal relation of the Brazilian State and the transnational companies producing agrochemicals, the Brazilian agribusiness is totally dependent on the use of these chemicals, this dependence creates a true slavish relationship, the discourse used to grant tax benefits is that agrotoxicology increases agricultural production by generating jobs and economic development, but public policies regarding pesticides are dubious and obscure, there is no transparency in the the lack of objective criteria is detrimental to the Brazilian economy, since there is a reduction in tax revenues, money that could be invested in other areas, increase the profit margin of companies, creates unfair competition between food and contamination of the environment, rural workers and the population in an indirect way, and the negative externalities that the State will have to pay for the indiscriminate and prolonged use of agrochemicals do not enter into the criteria for granting fiscal benefits. The solution will be to change criteria for the use of pesticides, transparency in the process of contemplating exemptions, valuation of natural foods and family farming, informing the population of the harmful effects of pesticides, and breaking the paradigm of dependence on agrochemicals.KEYWORDS: Agrochemicals; companies; tax incentives.


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hapsoro Agung Jatmiko ◽  
Rini Dharmastiti

A wheelchair is one of the mobility aids for people with disabilities. Availability of wheelchair type is very decisive for users based on the limitations they have. The problem felt by users in Indonesia today, especially in Yogyakarta, is that users have not got the right kind of wheelchairs with the needs, with certain limitations. This study aims to develop a wheelchair evaluation and to know the user's expectation of the wheelchair design. This study shows that there are problems due to the users not getting a wheelchair that suits their needs. The wheelchair design that the users want are the wheelchair with 3 wheels and have new feature.


Author(s):  
Keesha M. Middlemass

Felons are characterized as a hard-to-employ population who have limited educational achievement, so large numbers of them remain unemployed. This chapter explores educational policies inside and outside of prison, and how the expansion of statutory limitations and tough-on-crime policies prevents prisoners and reentering felons from securing funds to go to school. Participants were unable to go to school when they were imprisoned, and upon coming home are pressured to get a job by parole and/or family rather than to go to school; however, most are denied employment opportunities due to statutory restrictions denying felons the right to work. As a result, individuals view education as a nonstarter, and this chapter argues that as a result of public policies, a vicious cycle develops as felons remain undereducated and unable to secure funds needed to get their GED or attend vocational schools, so they resort to criminal activities to live.


Author(s):  
Sarah F. Rose

By the 1920s, people with many different types and origins of disabilities—from tuberculosis and feeble-mindedness to amputations and blindness—had been pushed out of the paid labor market and, thereby, edged out from “good citizenship.” Most people with disabilities kept on working, although their labors were rarely recognized or compensated as such. The “problem” of disability, however, lay not in the actual bodies of disabled people, but rather in the meanings assigned to those impairments by employers and policy makers, as well as how those meanings intersected with shifting family capacities, a rapidly changing workplace, public policies aimed at discouraging dependency, and the complexity and mutability of disability itself....


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