scholarly journals The effect of culture medium of Interfillum terricola (J.B.Petersen) Mikhailyuk et al. (Charophyta) on allelopathic, microbiological, agrophysical and agrochemical characteristics of soil

Algologia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 320-336
Author(s):  
P.M. Tsarenko ◽  
◽  
N.V. Zaimenko ◽  
N.P. Didyk ◽  
N.E. Ellanska ◽  
...  

The influence of the cultural medium of the charophyte Interfillum terricola on the allelopathic, microbiological, agrophysical and agrochemical properties of the soil have been studied in model pot experiments. Allelopathic soil regime was assessed by biological testing methods for water-soluble compounds and direct biotesting, as well as by vital indicators of plants-phytometers of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L., variety "Smuglyanka") and fodder corn (Zea mays L., variety "Kadr 267 MB"). The seeds were sown immediately after the introduction of the culture fluid. The number of germinated seeds was recorded from the 2nd to the 8th day after sowing. The vital condition of phytometer plants was evaluated at the end of the experiments by morphometric indicators of growth (leaf surface area, dry matter biomass of aboveground parts and roots) and the content of photosynthetic pigments in the leaves. When the experiment was completed, soil samples were taken to determine the cytostatic effect of water-soluble compounds and to carry out microbiological and biochemical analyzes. Phenolic compounds were isolated from the soil by ion exchange (desorption) using an ion exchanger KU-2-8 (Н+). In parallel, the electrical conductivity, redox potential, pH and content of nutrients in the soil were determined. The stimulating effect of cultural medium on seed germination, growth and development of assimilation organs of wheat and corn plants has been revealed. The strength of the effect did not depend on the concentration of growing medium, which is characteristic of signal allelopathically active substances. Allelopathic and cytostatic activity of the soil decreased with the use of Interfillum terricola growing medium. The introduction of the cultural fluid significantly affected the number of microorganisms of different ecological and trophic groups. The lowest number of microorganisms was observed at the minimum rate of introduction of microalga medium, and its increase contributed to the growth of the number of almost all studied groups of microorganisms, indicators of transformation and mineralization of organic matter. Under the influence of the cultural medium, the content of phenolic compounds in the soil decreased by 1.1–1.6 times, especially at the norm of 10 mL. The soil treated with cultural fluid had higher rates of transformation and mineralization of organic matter than untreated. The concentration of phenolic compounds in the soil decreased, apparently, due to the activation of the microbiota resulting in the intensification of the destruction processes. An increase in the electrical conductivity of the soil with the introduction of microalgae inoculum was recorded, which may indicate the release of metal ions into the substrate. This confirms the increase in Ca and Mg.

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-12
Author(s):  
Tahsina Sharmin Hoque ◽  
Shafia Afrin ◽  
Israt Jahan ◽  
Md. Joinul Abedin Mian ◽  
Mohammad Anwar Hossain

Soil depth can significantly influence the availability of nutrients in soil. An experiment was conducted with seven soil samples from seven land use types to observe the effect of soil depth on soil properties under various land use systems. Soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter, available phosphorus (P), available sulphur (S) and different forms of potassium (K) such as water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable were determined from the soil samples collected from four soil depths (viz. 0-10, 10-20, 20-30 and 30-40 cm). Soil pH varied from 6.30-7.39 irrespective of depths and land uses and it increased with increasing soil depth. Electrical conductivity of the soils ranged from 42-310 µS cm-1 and organic matter status of most of the soils was very low to medium in level. Both EC and organic matter content decreased with the increase of soil depth. Available P concentration showed no specific changing trend with soil depth whereas available S concentration under different land use systems decreased with increasing soil depth. The concentrations of water soluble, exchangeable and non-exchangeable K in soils varied from 12.30-39.60, 20.90-53.16 and 163.30-684.30 mg kg-1, respectively and showed no specific changing pattern with soil depth. Water soluble K content was higher in rice growing fertilizer and manure-treated soil but higher exchangeable and non-exchangeable K contents were observed in banana growing soil. In rice growing soils, nutrient concentration is mostly higher in nitrogen (N), P and K + farm yard manure (FYM) - treated plots compared to rice growing control plots.


2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 2985-2988
Author(s):  
Yang Wang ◽  
Jing Shuang Liu ◽  
Quan Ying Wang ◽  
Lei Liu

The action of freeze-thaw is one of the important influence factors which can cause the changes of soil physicochemical and biological characteristics. During the freeze-thaw period the variations of active organic matters in cropland black soil were studied through the in-situ monitoring and determining methods. The surface soil experienced a series of repeated freeze-thaw actions during the alternate from autumn to winter and from winter to spring. The soil active organic matter was in the trend of fluctuation increase from 8.68 mg kg-1to 9.81 mg kg-1 during the seasonal freeze-thaw period. The soil water soluble organic matter was also in a gradually increasing trend, which could increase 33.95% for the surface layer in early April of the next year when compared with that of January. The soil microorganism carbon content increased firstly and then decreased during the seasonal freeze-thaw period, which fluctuated at 912.51-1137.91 mg kg-1. The research showed that the freeze-thaw action could improve the active organic matter and strengthen the adaptability and activity of microorganism, which could promote the mineralization of organic matter.


Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1386
Author(s):  
Michael Stotter ◽  
Florian Wichern ◽  
Ralf Pude ◽  
Martin Hamer

Cultivation of Miscanthus x giganteus L. (Mis) with annual harvest of biomass could provide an additional C source for farmers. To test the potential of Mis-C for immobilizing inorganic N from slurry or manure and as a C source for soil organic matter build-up in comparison to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw (WS), a greenhouse experiment was performed. Pot experiments with ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) were set up to investigate the N dynamics of two organic fertilisers based on Mis at Campus Klein-Altendorf, Germany. The two fertilisers, a mixture of cattle slurry and Mis as well as cattle manure from Mis-bedding material resulted in a slightly higher N immobilisation. Especially at the 1st and 2nd harvest, they were partly significantly different compared with the WS treatments. The fertilisers based on Mis resulted in a slightly higher microbial biomass C and microbial biomass N and thus can be identified as an additional C source to prevent nitrogen losses and for the build-up of soil organic matter (SOM) in the long-term.


2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. A. Gutorova ◽  
A. Kh. Sheudzhen ◽  
A. G. Ladatko

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Grenet

SUMMARYThe digestibility, the voluntary intake and the nitrogen balance of 108 diets corresponding to 94 silages prepared from 20 fresh crops were measured in growing sheep. Series of silages were made from the same fresh forage. Each series included two controls: a direct-cut silage without additive and a direct-cut silage with formic acid, with a variable number of experimental silages with different additives.Rumen ammonia concentration, measured on rumen-fistulated sheep, decreased when an additive was used. It increased with nitrogen intake and was inversely related to the organic-matter digestibility and the crude-fibre digestibility. It varied with the silage composition.The crude-protein digestibility of direct-cut silages without additives was similar to or slightly higher than the crude-protein digestibility of the fresh crops. The addition of formic acid depressed the digestibility, but the addition of formaldehyde decreased it even more. The urinary nitrogen loss was higher for silages without additive than for the fresh crops and was decreased by the addition of formic acid. The addition of formaldehyde to formic acid had an additive effect.Retained nitrogen was lower in silages without additives (12% of nitrogen intake) than in parent crops (15·7%). It increased when formic acid (15·8%) was added. The addition of formaldehyde at a low rate (1·5 l/t green fodder) to the formic acid did not increase the nitrogen retention whether expressed in g/day or as percentage of nitrogen intake, but the addition of formaldehyde at a high rate (3·5 l/t green fodder) to formic acid decreased nitrogen retention. The other additives based on cereals or whey did not improve the nitrogen balance compared with formic acid. Nitrogen retention differed according to plant species.Retained nitrogen increased with digestible organic-matter intake and nitrogen intake. It increased with the silage water-soluble carbohydrate content. The higher the silage fermentation product content (ammonia, lactic acid, propionic acid), the lower the retained nitrogen. It appears that the nitrogen value of silages can be high provided that the silages are well preserved and that excessive protein breakdown is avoided.


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