scholarly journals Comparative organization of tubulin microtubules in root cells of Zea mays (Poaceae) and Beta vulgaris (Chenopodiaceae s. str. / Amaranthaceae s. l.) under the influence of clinorotation

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 426-433
Author(s):  
G.V. Shevchenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Elongation Zone ◽  
Cortical Microtubules ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Growth Zones ◽  
Distal Elongation Zone ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Similar Organization

In order to identify the mechanism of functioning of the tubulin cytoskeleton, we have investigated the impact of clinorotation on cortical microtubules organization in the process of cell differentiation in growth zones of plant roots of Zea mays and Beta vulgaris. The similar organization of cortical and endoplasmic microtubules’ network in both species is noted. Clinorotation did not significantly change the organization of microtubules in meristem cells and the central elongation root zone. However, in the distal elongation zone of roots, both Z. mays and B. vulgaris expressed deviations of individual microtubules from the ordered transverse organization (at an angle greater than 45º). This deviation of the microtubules is likely caused by clinorotation and results in discoordination of root growth under these conditions. In addition, it has been found that the scope of destruction of the MT network by taxol in the root cells of both species is not dependent on clinorotation.

EMERGENCE AND SEEDLING GROWTH OF INBRED LINES OF CORN AT SUBOPTIMAL ROOT-ZONE TEMPERATURES

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. MENKIR ◽  
E. N. LARTER
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Root Zone Temperature ◽  
Emergence Percentage ◽  
Zone Temperature

Based on the results of an earlier paper, 12 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) were evaluated for emergence and seedling growth at three controlled root-zone temperatures (10, 14, and 18 °C). Low root-zone temperatures, 10 and 14 °C, were detrimental to emergence, seedling growth, and root growth of all inbred lines. Differential responses of inbred lines were observed within each temperature regime. The differences in seedling emergence among lines became smaller with increasing root-zone temperature, while the reverse was true for seedling dry weight. Simple correlation coefficients showed a significantly (P = 0.05) negative association between emergence percentage and emergence index (rate). Neither of these two emergence traits was significantly correlated with seedling dry weights. Seedling dry weights were significantly (P = 0.01) and positively associated with root dry weights. Two inbred lines exhibited good tolerance to low root-zone temperatures, viz. CO255 and RB214. A significant and positive correlation existed between emergence percentage at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C and field emergence in test with the same genotypes reported earlier. Selection at a root-zone temperature of 10 °C for a high percentage of seedling emergence, therefore, could be effective in identifying genotypes capable of germinating in cool soils. Furthermore, the significantly (P = 0.01) positive relationship between seedling dry weights at all root-zone temperatures and those from the field test suggest that strains with vigorous seedling growth in the field could be identified using low root-zone temperature regimes.Key words: Zea mays, root-zone temperature, cold tolerance

Evidence for electron transport across the plasma membrane of Zea mays root cells

Planta ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 383-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. -S. Qiu ◽  
B. Rubinstein ◽  
A. I. Stern
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Plasma Membrane ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Root Cells

scholarly journals Exploring how groundwater buffers the influence of heatwaves on vegetation function during multi-year droughts

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-938
Author(s):  
Mengyuan Mu ◽  
Martin G. De Kauwe ◽  
Anna M. Ukkola ◽  
Andy J. Pitman ◽  
Weidong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Surface ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Vapour Pressure Deficit ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. The co-occurrence of droughts and heatwaves can have significant impacts on many socioeconomic and environmental systems. Groundwater has the potential to moderate the impact of droughts and heatwaves by moistening the soil and enabling vegetation to maintain higher evaporation, thereby cooling the canopy. We use the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model, coupled to a groundwater scheme, to examine how groundwater influences ecosystems under conditions of co-occurring droughts and heatwaves. We focus specifically on south-east Australia for the period 2000–2019, when two significant droughts and multiple extreme heatwave events occurred. We found groundwater plays an important role in helping vegetation maintain transpiration, particularly in the first 1–2 years of a multi-year drought. Groundwater impedes gravity-driven drainage and moistens the root zone via capillary rise. These mechanisms reduced forest canopy temperatures by up to 5 ∘C during individual heatwaves, particularly where the water table depth is shallow. The role of groundwater diminishes as the drought lengthens beyond 2 years and soil water reserves are depleted. Further, the lack of deep roots or stomatal closure caused by high vapour pressure deficit or high temperatures can reduce the additional transpiration induced by groundwater. The capacity of groundwater to moderate both water and heat stress on ecosystems during simultaneous droughts and heatwaves is not represented in most global climate models, suggesting that model projections may overestimate the risk of these events in the future.

scholarly journals Impact of Macronutrients and Micronutrients on Soil Health Nutrients Concentration and Uptake by Maize (Zea mays L)

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 199-206
Author(s):  
M. L. Bubarai U. Bapetel ◽  
A. Musa Mala
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Soil Science ◽  
Soil Reaction ◽  
Chemistry Research ◽  
Agricultural Chemistry ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Nutrients Concentration ◽  
The Impact

At the SHUATS Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry Research Farm, an experiment was conducted with the goal of determining the impact of application of macro and micronutrients, on soil health nutrients concentration and uptake by maize (Zea mays L). The experiment was put up based on this over a two-year period, beginning with the 2017 and 2018 cropping periods. Crbd was used as the experimental technique and it was replicated thrice with the following treatments combinations, NPK @ 50 and 100kgha -1, while for the micronutrients (Boron, Zinc and Copper) three levels of combination were used 0.3, 6 and 9kgha-1. The research project's findings showed all the determinants of soil health like soil reaction organic matter among others are at levels suitable for nutrients actions and plant growth, while plant parameters like maize cob diameter, dry matter, and nutrients concentrations in maize tissues have greatly improved. NPK @100kgha-1, Copper, Zinc, and Boron @ 9kgha-1 were the best treatment combinations with the best results. The above combinations of treatments will be suitable for the soils of that location based on the results of these studies.

scholarly journals Uptake of fluorescent-labeled BSA into root cells: endocytosis?

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 319-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kaźmierczak ◽  
J. Maszewski
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Fluorescein Isothiocyanate ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Root Cells ◽  
Root Zones ◽  
Species Specific

Incorporation of rhodamine- and fluorescein-isothiocyanate labeled bovine serum albumin (BSA-TRITC, BSA-FITC) was examined in different root zones of the 3-day-old seedlings in <em>Melandrium noctiflorum</em>, <em>Allium cepa</em> and <em>Zea mays</em>. The uptake of fluorescent-labeled BSA was found: (1) species-specific, (2) cell-type dependent, and (3) cytochalasin B-sensitive. The characteristic punctute distribution of vesicles within the cytoplasm suggests the internalization of labeled proteins by endocytosis.

Influence of Weed Density and Distribution on Corn (Zea mays) Yield

Weed Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Vangessel ◽  
Edward E. Schweizer ◽  
Karen A. Garrett ◽  
Philip Westra
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Management Model ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Corn Yield ◽  
Weed Population ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Weed Distribution ◽  
The Impact

The impact of weed density and weed distribution on irrigated corn yield was investigated in Colorado. Weed densities examined were 0,33,50, or 100% of the indigenous weed population. A series of weed distribution treatments were achieved by varying the length of the weed-free and weedy zones within the corn row while maintaining a constant weed population of 33 or 50% of the indigenous weed level. Grain yield was affected by weed density, but not by weed distribution. Each additional weed reduced corn yield 8.5 and 2.3 kg ha−1in 1991 and 1992, respectively. When corn yields were estimated with a computer weed/corn management model, weed densities 5 to 8 wk after planting provided a better yield reduction estimate than weed densities immediately before harvest.

Effect of Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Residue on Growth of Some Crops

Weed Science ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Cirsium Arvense ◽  
Kochia Scoparia ◽  
Canada Thistle ◽  
Leaf Leachate ◽  
Hordeum Jubatum

Field and greenhouse experiments were established to determine the phytotoxicity of Canada thistle [Cirsium arvense(L.) Scop.] residue on crop growth. Field examination of infestations showed that as Canada thistle shoots increased in an area, the number of kochia [Kochia scoparia(L.) Schrad.], marshelder (Iva xanthifoliaNutt.) and foxtail barley (Hordeum jubatumL.) plants decreased. Conversely, as Canada thistle shoots decreased, the aforementioned annual and perennial plants increased. In greenhouse studies, roots and shoots of Canada thistle that were mixed with soil reduced the growth of sugarbeet (Beta vulgarisL. ‘Mono Hy D2’), wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘Centurk’), alfalfa (Medicago sativaL. ‘Dawson’), and Canada thistle seedlings. Corn (Zea maysL. ‘Jacques No. 1004’) and dry edible beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL. ‘Great Northern No. 59’) grown in soil treated with Canada thistle residue were affected to a lesser extent. When Canada thistle residue was mixed with soil, crop growth was inversely proportional to the amount of Canada thistle residue added to the soil. Both roots and shoots of Canada thistle were toxic to crops when mixed with the soil. The effects of Canada thistle residue on crop growth lasted for about 60 days. Neither autoclaving residue and soil nor fertilization of soil had any effect on residue toxicity. Canada thistle leaf leachate inhibited the growth of sugarbeets watered daily with the leachate.

scholarly journals The impact of near-surface soil moisture assimilation at subseasonal, seasonal, and inter-annual timescales

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 4831-4844 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Draper ◽  
R. Reichle
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Surface Soil Moisture ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
In Situ Observations ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. A 9 year record of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer – Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) soil moisture retrievals are assimilated into the Catchment land surface model at four locations in the US. The assimilation is evaluated using the unbiased mean square error (ubMSE) relative to watershed-scale in situ observations, with the ubMSE separated into contributions from the subseasonal (SMshort), mean seasonal (SMseas), and inter-annual (SMlong) soil moisture dynamics. For near-surface soil moisture, the average ubMSE for Catchment without assimilation was (1.8 × 10−3 m3 m−3)2, of which 19 % was in SMlong, 26 % in SMseas, and 55 % in SMshort. The AMSR-E assimilation significantly reduced the total ubMSE at every site, with an average reduction of 33 %. Of this ubMSE reduction, 37 % occurred in SMlong, 24 % in SMseas, and 38 % in SMshort. For root-zone soil moisture, in situ observations were available at one site only, and the near-surface and root-zone results were very similar at this site. These results suggest that, in addition to the well-reported improvements in SMshort, assimilating a sufficiently long soil moisture data record can also improve the model representation of important long-term events, such as droughts. The improved agreement between the modeled and in situ SMseas is harder to interpret, given that mean seasonal cycle errors are systematic, and systematic errors are not typically targeted by (bias-blind) data assimilation. Finally, the use of 1-year subsets of the AMSR-E and Catchment soil moisture for estimating the observation-bias correction (rescaling) parameters is investigated. It is concluded that when only 1 year of data are available, the associated uncertainty in the rescaling parameters should not greatly reduce the average benefit gained from data assimilation, although locally and in extreme years there is a risk of increased errors.

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