scholarly journals Economic Development and Environmental Degradation in ASEAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Irsyad Ilham
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Emission ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries

The economic development in ASEAN still declines environmental quality, whereas the worst environmental quality became negative externality reduce output in many sectors of ASEAN’s economy. This paper aimed to analyze the two-way relationship among economic development and environmental degradation in ASEAN with the factors which influenced it. This article used a panel data from eight ASEAN countries with the period of 2004 – 2013. The analysis method used simultaneous equation model. The results showed the two-way relationship between economic development and environmental degradation in ASEAN existed. Moreover, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita and energy consumption had a positive impact on environmental degradation. Meanwhile, carbon dioxide emission per capita and trade openness had a positive effect on economic development. Therefore, the economic development strategy for ASEAN countries should be directed to increase GDP per capita and reduce the energy consumption.DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v7i1.6024

scholarly journals Impacts from Economic Development and Environmental Factors on Life Expectancy: A Comparative Study Based on Data from Both Developed and Developing Countries from 2004 to 2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8559
Author(s):  
Zhiheng Chen ◽  
Yuting Ma ◽  
Junyi Hua ◽  
Yuanhong Wang ◽  
Hongpeng Guo
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Urbanization Rate

Both economic development level and environmental factors have significant impacts on life expectancy at birth (LE). This paper takes LE as the research object and selects nine economic and environmental indicators with various impacts on LE. Based on a dataset of economic and environmental indicators of 20 countries from 2004 to 2016, our research uses the Pearson Correlation Coefficient to evaluate the correlation coefficients between the indicators, and we use multiple regression models to measure the impact of each indicator on LE. Based on the results from models and calculations, this study conducts a comparative analysis of the influencing mechanisms of different indicators on LE in both developed and developing countries, with conclusions as follow: (1) GDP per capita and the percentage of forest area to land area have a positive impact on LE in developed countries; however, they have a negative impact on LE in developing countries. Total public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP and fertilizer consumption have a negative impact on LE in developed countries; however, they have a positive impact on LE in developing countries. Gini coefficient and average annual exposure to PM2.5 have no significant effect on LE in developed countries; however, they have a negative impact on LE in developing countries. Current healthcare expenditures per capita have a negative impact on LE in developed countries, and there is no significant impact on LE in developing countries. (2) The urbanization rate has a significant positive impact on LE in both developed countries and developing countries. Carbon dioxide emissions have a negative impact on LE in both developed and developing countries. (3) In developed countries, GDP per capita has the greatest positive impact on LE, while fertilizer consumption has the greatest negative impact on LE. In developing countries, the urbanization rate has the greatest positive impact on LE, while the Gini coefficient has the greatest negative impact on LE. To improve and prolong LE, it is suggested that countries should prioritize increasing GDP per capita and urbanization level. At the same time, countries should also work on reducing the Gini coefficient and formulating appropriate healthcare and education policies. On the other hand, countries should balance between economic development and environmental protection, putting the emphasis more on environmental protection, reducing environmental pollution, and improving the environment’s ability of self-purification.

Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis and Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN

2020 ◽  
pp. 359-384
Author(s):  
Praopan Pratoomchat
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
Growth Hypothesis

This study tests the relationships of visitor spending, foreign direct investment in the tourism sector, and the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita among members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) during the period of 1988 to 2011 to prove the tourism-led growth hypothesis. The results of panel regression show that tourism-led growth hypothesis is valid for the ASEAN countries. Factors determining the GDP per capita in these countries are visitor spending, foreign investment and government consumption in tourism sector, human capital and trade openness. The results from this study suggest that the governments of the ASEAN countries are able to have effective growth policies by encouraging foreign direct investment in the tourism sector and improving their human capital. Therefore, ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which will strengthen and facilitate investment cooperation and human capital developments in the tourism sector among ASEAN countries will have a significant benefit to economic growth in the region.

scholarly journals GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ECONOMIC GROWTH: EVIDENCE FROM ASEAN COUNTRIES

TRIKONOMIKA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Globalization ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Brunei Darussalam ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of globalization toward economic growth in ASEAN countries during 2012 to 2017. The research method used judgmental sampling with samples of 11 countries. They were Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, East Timor, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The analysis used path analysis to examine the impact between the variables of globalization and economic growth. Globalization was determined by globalization index, economic globalization, social globalization, and politic globalization. Real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita are used as a proxy for economic growth. The finding results are that globalization index, economic globalization, social globalization, and politic globalization have a significant positive association with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita. Overall globalization evidence the positive impact on economic growth in ASEAN Countries.

Can policy makers count with positive impact of entrepreneurship on economic development of the Czech regions?

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ondřej Dvouletý
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the present study is to empirically investigate the impact of the newly established entrepreneurial activity on economic development of the Czech NUTS 3 regions during the period of years 2003-2015. Design/methodology/approach An econometric approach was used to validate the stated hypotheses assuming a positive relationship between the new entrepreneurial activity and regional economic growth and a negative relationship between the new entrepreneurial activity and unemployment rate. For the methods, regression models with fixed effects were estimated on the panel that included 13 Czech regions, covering the period of years 2003-2015. The new entrepreneurial activity was classified into two forms – rate of newly established self-employed set-ups per capita and rate of newly established business companies and partnership set-ups per capita. Findings Different impacts of newly established business companies and the self-employed were found on real gross domestic product (GDP) per capita. Only the higher rates of newly established business companies and partnership were associated with higher levels of GDP per capita in the Czech regions, and no impact was found for the rate of new self-employed set-ups. Nevertheless, both forms of newly established entrepreneurial activity were associated with lower unemployment rates in the Czech regions; however, the impact of newly established business companies was significantly higher. The obtained results have several policy implications, which are discussed in the present paper. Practical implications Support of entrepreneurship in the Czech regions may improve the situation on the local labour markets and may deliver new job opportunities through the newly established enterprises. The Czech entrepreneurship policies focused on the growth of GDP and economic boom should be oriented more on the support of high-growth enterprises (unicorns). Originality/value The empirical analysis was conducted on the basis of the research gap in the studies related to the impact of the newly established entrepreneurial activity on the economic development of the Czech regions. Obtained results have several policy implications, which are discussed in the present paper.

scholarly journals Analisis Komparasi Hapiness Index 5 Negara di Asean

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
I Wayan Suparta ◽  
Rizka Malia
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Indicators ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Environmental Index ◽  
Personal Impact ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Right

The limitation of economic indicators in representing the level of community welfare has increased the world's attention to social aspects of development. Development progress, which has been seen more by economic indicators, such as economic growth and poverty reduction, is considered insufficient to reflect the right level of welfare. This study aims to determine the effect of GDP per capita, environmental index, and unemployment on the happiness index of 9 countries in ASEAN. Estimation results show that the variable GDP per capita significantly and negatively influences the happiness index. The environmental index has a positive effect on the Happiness Index, and unemployment has a positive impact on the happiness index. Based on the results of special effects, there are individual effect values ​​in 9 ASEAN countries. Singapore is the country with the most significant personal impact, and the Philippines is the country with the smallest particular effect.  

Tourism-Led Growth Hypothesis and Foreign Direct Investment in ASEAN

2017 ◽  
pp. 224-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Praopan Pratoomchat
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
Asean Economic Community ◽  
Growth Hypothesis

This study tests the relationships of visitor spending, foreign direct investment in the tourism sector, and the gross domestic product (GDP) per capita among members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) during the period of 1988 to 2011 to prove the tourism-led growth hypothesis. The results of panel regression show that tourism-led growth hypothesis is valid for the ASEAN countries. Factors determining the GDP per capita in these countries are visitor spending, foreign investment and government consumption in tourism sector, human capital and trade openness. The results from this study suggest that the governments of the ASEAN countries are able to have effective growth policies by encouraging foreign direct investment in the tourism sector and improving their human capital. Therefore, ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) which will strengthen and facilitate investment cooperation and human capital developments in the tourism sector among ASEAN countries will have a significant benefit to economic growth in the region.

scholarly journals ТЄРИЙН САНХҮҮГИЙН БОДЛОГЫН ХЭРЭГЖИЛТ, ҮР ДҮН

2011 ◽  
pp. 39-47
Author(s):  
Д. Оюунцэцэг
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Government Expenditure ◽  
National Development ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Per Capita

Зах зээлийн харилцаанд шилжин орсноос хойшхи сүүлийн 20 гаруй жилийн хугацаанд эдийн засаг нийгмийн хєгжилд олсон ололт амжилт дээрээ тулгуурлан МУ-ын засгийн газраас “МУ-ын мянганы хєгжлийн зорилтод суурилсан үндэсний хєгжлийн цогц бодлого”-ыг 2008 онд боловсруулан гаргасан билээ. Энэхүү баримт бичигт тодорхойлсноор “Эдийн засгийн бодлогын гол зорилт нь 2007-2015 онд “Мянганы хєгжлийн зорилтуудыг хэрэгжүүлж, эдийн засгийн єсєлтийг жилд 14 хувьд, нэг хүнд ногдох дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүнийг 5 мянгаас доошгүй ам.долларт хүргэж эдийн засгийн эрчимтэй хєгжлийн үндэс суурийг тавих, 2016-2021 онд эдийн засгийн єсєлтийг жилд дунджаар 12-оос доошгүй хувь байлгаж, мэдлэгт суурилсан эдийн засгийг тєлєвшүүлэн хєгжүүлж, нэг хүнд ногдох дотоодын нийт бүтээгдэхүүнийг 12 мянгаас доошгүй ам.доллар болгож, дэлхийн дундаж орлоготой орнуудын эгнээнд орох эдийн засгийн чадамж, нєєц боломжийг бүрдүүлэхэд оршино”[2] гэж заажээ. Эдгээр зорилтыг хэрэгжүүлэхэд улс орны эдийн засгийн нєєц бололцооноос гадна тєрєєс авч явуулах санхүүгийн бодлого, тэр дундаа тєсвийн бодлого гол үүрэгтэй. Иймээс Монгол улсын эдийн засгийн хєгжлийн єнєєгийн байдлыг судлан шинжилж, тухайн нєхцєлд тохирсон тєсєв санхүүгийн бодлогын зорилго, чиглэлийг тодорхойлоход судлаачийн зүгээс хувь нэмэр оруулах зорилго тавьсан юм.   Based on the economic development success gained from the past 20 years during the transition to market economy, Mongolian government approved the “Millennium Development Goals - Based Comprehensive National Development Strategy of Mongolia” in 2008. In this document it determined that “The main goal of the economic policy is, in 2007-2015, to achieve MDGs, reach an average an­nual economic growth of 14 percent, increase GDP per capita to at least 5,000 USD, and establish the basis for intensive economic development; in 2016-2021, to increase average annual economic growth to at least 12%, customize and develop knowledge-based economy, increase GDP per capita to a minimum of 12,000 USD, create economic capacity and resources to reach the level of world’s middle income countries.”[1] The implementation of this plan has already begun. For example: in the 2009 forecast the Mongolian agriculture will increase 30% from previous year. But the economic growth is dependent on few sectors and its structure is inappropriate and due to unstable economy it is vulnerable to external factors. Energy supplement is unreliable, infrastructure development is poor, government expenditure is high, domestic market capacity is low, lim­ited finance and currency reserves show that economic development is poor. For example: in the 2009 forecast the Mongolian GDP is 6130325.5* million tugrug decreasing 1,6% from previous year. Also the recent global financial deepened downturn is becoming economical and affecting our economy. Due to the current situation in Mongolia and the set economic goals there is a strong need to evaluate and direct the current govern­ment financial strategy, especially the budget policy and to better its implementation. Therefore as a Mongolian economist’s input, I made it my goal to study Mongolian current economic stance and to develop financial strategic goal and direction that would fit the current situation.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/pmas.v0i1.57 Proceedings of the Mongolian Academy of Sciences 2010 No.1 pp.39-47

scholarly journals Intra-Industry Trading Factors and Patterns in ASEAN-5 Region

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Muryani Muryani ◽  
Anisa Dyan Pratiwi
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Industry Trade ◽  
Traded Goods ◽  
Large Expansion ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Asean Countries

The large expansion of trade in the form of Intra-Industry Trade (IIT) in ASEAN is driving large volumes and variety of traded goods and is changing patterns of trade across members. This paper examines the factors affecting the level of IIT for ASEAN-5 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand) in the period of 2004-2014. IIT is measured with Grubel-Lloyd index covering ten different one-digit SITC categories. The result indicates a large Intra-Industry Trade among ASEAN countries and across most manufacturing sectors. IIT Index is employed as a dependent variable, and four variables are used as independent variables: 1) different GDP per capita, 2) foreign direct investment (FDI), 3) trade openness, and 4) distance. Different GDP per capita and trade openness have a positive effect on IIT. FDI does not affect IIT, and distance has a negative effect on IIT across intra-ASEAN trade.  Keywords: International Trade, Intra-Industry Trade, Grubel-Lloyd, Panel Data Analysis

Railroad Integration and Uneven Development on the European Periphery, 1870–1910

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-289
Author(s):  
Eduard J. Alvarez-Palau ◽  
Alfonso Díez-Minguela ◽  
Jordi Martí-Henneberg
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Per Capita Gdp ◽  
Catching Up ◽  
Nation States ◽  
Railroad Network ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
European Periphery ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis study explores the relationship between railroad integration and regional development on the European periphery between 1870 and 1910, based on a regional data set including 291 spatial units. Railroad integration is proxied by railroad density, while per capita GDP is used as an indicator of economic development. The period under study is of particular relevance as it has been associated with the second wave of railroad construction in Europe and also coincides with the industrialization of most of the continent. Overall, we found that railroads had a significant and positive impact on the growth of per capita GDP across Europe. The magnitude of this relationship appears to be relatively modest, but the results obtained are robust with respect to a number of different specifications. From a geographical perspective, we found that railroads had a significantly greater influence on regions located in countries on the northern periphery of Europe than in other outlying areas. They also helped the economies of these areas to begin the process of catching up with the continent’s industrialized core. In contrast, the regions on the southern periphery showed lower levels of economic growth, with this exacerbating the preexisting divergence in economic development. The expansion of the railroad network in them was unable to homogenize the diffusion of economic development and tended to further benefit the regions that were already industrialized. In most of the cases, the capital effect was magnified, and this contributed to the consolidation of newly created nation-states.

scholarly journals Using fuzzy logic for evaluating the level of countries’ (regions’) economic development

2012 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gordan Stojic
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Gdp Per Capita ◽  
Industrial Growth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Per Capita

There are several divisions of countries and regions in the world. Besides geo-political divisions, there also are economic divisions. The most common economic division is the that on developed countries and the poor ones. These divisions are a consequence of the level of: GDP, GDP per capita, unemployment rate, industrial growth, and so on. The question is how to define a mathematical model based on which the following will be assessed: who is rich and who is poor, or who is economically developed and who is not? How the boundaries of transition from one category to another can be defined? This paper presents a model for evaluating the level of economic development of countries and regions using "fuzzy" logic. The model was tested on a sample of 19 EU member countries and aspirants for membership.

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