scholarly journals Study of the Production Cross-Sections of the Neutron-rich 184Ta and 186Ta

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-29
Author(s):  
Susshma Nagarajan ◽  
Deepa Seetharaman ◽  
Gowrishankar Ramadurai
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Good Yield ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Effective Synthesis ◽  
The Cross

Synthesizing nuclei through reactions that produce a reasonable yield is important for the experimental study of neutron-rich nuclei. In this study, the cross-section values of 184Ta and 186Ta nuclei in various experiments were reviewed and analysed. The experimental data of (n, p), (p, x) and (n, α) reactions were compared to identify the best reaction to produce these nuclei for further study. Our study shows that (n, p) reactions on natural Tungsten targets are the most feasible reactions with a good yield of the neutron-rich Tantalum isotopes. New reactions have been proposed for the effective synthesis of 184Ta and 186Ta using tritium beams on Hafnium targets. The cross-section values of the proposed reactions were calculated by PACE4 software simulations.

Production cross-section of heavy flavored hadrons in pp collision at s = 7 TeV

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (19) ◽  
pp. 1950150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ajaz ◽  
Irfan Khan ◽  
M. K. Suleymanov
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Transverse Momentum ◽  
Differential Cross Section ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Momentum Distribution ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Transverse Momentum Distribution ◽  
Mass Frame

The transverse momentum distribution of the differential production cross-sections of heavy flavored charm hadrons [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] in pp collisions at 7 TeV are simulated. Predictions of DPMJETIII.17-1, HIJING1.383 and Sibyll2.3c are compared to the differential cross-section measurements of the LHCb experimental data presented in the region of [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], where the pp center of mass frame is used to measure the transverse momentum and rapidity. The models reproduce only some regions of [Formula: see text] and/or bins of [Formula: see text] but none of them predict completely all the [Formula: see text] bins over the entire [Formula: see text] range.

scholarly journals Cross-section measurement in the reactions of 136Xe on proton, deuteron and carbon

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 01037
Author(s):  
X. Sun ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
H. Otsu ◽  
H. Sakurai ◽  
D.S. Ahn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Radioactive Isotope ◽  
Inverse Kinematics ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Section Measurement ◽  
Intranuclear Cascade ◽  
Reaction Energies ◽  
The Cross

The isotopic production cross sections for the reactions of 136Xe induced by proton, deuteron and carbon at 168 MeV/u were obtained by using the inverse kinematics technique at RIKEN Radioactive Isotope Beam Factory. The target dependence of the cross sections was investigated systematically. It was found that for the light-mass products, the cross sections on carbon are larger than those on deuteron and proton. The measured cross sections on proton were compared with the previous data at higher reaction energies to study the energy dependence. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical calculations including both the intranuclear cascade and evaporation processes using PHITS and with the EPAX and SPACS empirical parameterizations.

scholarly journals Numerical simulation of the transverse flow over spans of girder bridges

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 362-378
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Gosteev ◽  
A. D. Obukhovskiy ◽  
S. D. Salenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Aerodynamic Characteristics ◽  
Transverse Flow ◽  
Single Beam ◽  
Weighted Estimates ◽  
Girder Bridges ◽  
The Cross

Introduction. The technique of numerical modeling of the transverse flow over span structures of bridges on the basis of the two-dimensional URANS (Unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes) approach used in the modern methods and software packages for computational fluid dynamics is verified. The work objective was debugging and experimental substantiation of this technique with the use of the database on the aerodynamic characteristics of the cross-sections of span structures of girder bridges of standard shapes pre-developed by the authors.Materials and Methods. A numerical simulation of the transverse flow of low-turbulent (smooth) and turbulent air flows around the bridge structures in a range of practically interesting attack angles is carried out. SST  k − ω turbulence model was used as the closing one. The technique was preliminarily tested on the check problem for the flow of the rectangular crosssection beams. Calculations were carried out using the licensed ANSYS software.Research Results. The calculated dependences on the attack angle of the aerodynamic coefficients of forces (drag and lift) and the moment of the cross sections of the girder bridges of standard shapes are obtained. These data refer to the span structures at the construction phase (without deck and parapets, without parapets) and operation phase, under the conditions of model smooth and turbulent incoming flow. The latter allows us to outline the boundaries for more weighted estimates of the aerodynamic characteristics of thegirder bridges in a real wind current. The best agreement with the experimental data was obtained from the drag of the cross-section. The magnitude of the lifting force is more sensitive to the presence and extent of the separation regions, so its numerical determination is less accurate. The reproduction of the angle-of-attack effect on the aerodynamic moment of the cross-section is the most challenging for the majority of configurations.Discussion and Conclusions. Comparison of the calculated and experimental data indicates the applicability of the URANS approach to the operational prediction of the aerodynamic characteristics of the single-beam span structures. In the case of multi-beam span structures, where the aerodynamic interference between separate girders plays an important role, the URANS approach must apparently give way to more accurate eddy-resolving methods. The results obtained can be used in the aerodynamic analysis of structures and in practice of the relevant design organizations in the field of transport construction.

scholarly journals EMPIRICAL FORMALISM FOR PROJECTILE FRAGMENTATION AND PRODUCTION OF NEW NEUTRON-RICH NUCLEI WITH RIBS

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (33) ◽  
pp. 2665-2678 ◽  
Author(s):  
DEBASIS BHOWMICK ◽  
ALOK CHAKRABARTI ◽  
D. N. BASU ◽  
PREMOMOY GHOSH ◽  
RANJANA GOSWAMI
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Ion Beam ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Exotic Nuclei ◽  
Radioactive Beams ◽  
Fragment Separator ◽  
Projectile Fragment ◽  
The Cross

The projectile fragment separator type radioactive ion beam (RIB) facilities, being developed in different laboratories, provide the scope for producing many new exotic nuclei through fragmentation of high energy radioactive ion (RI) beams. A new empirical parametrization for the estimation of cross-sections of projectile fragments has been prescribed for studying the advantages and limitations of high energy RI beams for the production of new exotic nuclei. The parametrization reproduces the experimental data for the production of fragments from neutron-rich projectiles accurately in contrast to the existing parametrization which tends to overestimate the cross-section of neutron-rich fragments in most cases. The modified formalism has been used to compute the cross-sections of neutron-rich species produced by fragmentation of radioactive projectiles (RIBs). It has been found that, given any limit of production cross-section, the exoticity of the fragment increases rather slowly and shows a saturation tendency as the projectile is made more and more exotic. This essentially limits, to an extent, the utility of very neutron-rich radioactive beams vis-a-vis production of new neutron-rich exotic species.

Λ-HYPERNUCLEUS PRODUCTION IN PROTON-INDUCED REACTION

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (02) ◽  
pp. 302-308
Author(s):  
PENGNIAN SHEN ◽  
HANTAO JING ◽  
HUANQING CHIANG
Keyword(s):  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Differential Cross ◽  
Production Cross Section ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Impulse Approximation ◽  
Core Nucleus ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Proton Induced Reaction ◽  
Induced Reaction

The Λ-hypernucleus (LHN) production in the proton-induced reaction is studied in the distorted wave impulse approximation(DWIA). The cross sections for the LHN production in the reactions where the proton bombards the 6Li, 12C and 16O targets, respectively, are calculated. It is shown that the reaction cross sections are of the order of μb, and the distortion effects tend to reduce the cross sections by a factor of 3~10. For the sΛ–LHN production, the differential cross section is decreased with the increasing mass of the target nucleus. The pΛ–LHN production cross section is normally higher than that for the sΛ–LHN production. The double differential cross sections (DDXS) with respect to the momenta of the outgoing proton and kaon are also demonstrated. The missing mass spectra of the inclusive reaction p+A → p+K++X for the 6Li, 12C and 16O targets, an alternative way to study hypernuclear physics, are proposed. From these spectra, the masses of LHN can accurately be extracted. Moreover, the exotic LHN production in the same type of reaction is also studied . The same physical quantities are calculated. It is shown that the magnitude of the cross section is also in the order of μb. The halo effect of the core nucleus that locates at a place far away from the stable line would make the wave function broader, and consequently reduces the production cross section.

scholarly journals Measurement of nuclide production cross section for lead and bismuth with proton in energy range from 0.4 GeV to 3.0 GeV

2020 ◽  
Vol 239 ◽  
pp. 06004
Author(s):  
Hiroki Matsuda ◽  
Shin-ichiro Meigo ◽  
Hiroki Iwamoto ◽  
Fujio Maekawa
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross Section ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Production Yield ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
Hpge Detectors ◽  
Decay Gamma

For the Accelerator-Driven nuclear transmutation System (ADS), nuclide production yield estimation in a lead-bismuth target is important to manage the target. However, experimental data of nuclide production yield by spallation and high-energy fission reactions are scarce. In order to obtain the experimental data, an experiment in J-PARC using natPb and 209Bi samples were carried out. The samples were thin foils with about 0.1 mm thick and 25 mm × 25 mm square and were irradiated with protons at kinematic energy points of 0.4GeV, 2.2GeV, and 3.0 GeV. After the irradiation, the nuclide production cross section was determined by spectroscopic measurement of decay gamma-rays from the samples with HPGe detectors. In this paper, 14 nuclide production cross sections for lead and bismuth were obtained. They were compared with the calculated cross sections with various models and the evaluated one.

scholarly journals A comprehensive analysis of differential cross sections and analyzing powers in the proton–deuteron break-up channel at 135 MeV

2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Tavakoli-Zaniani ◽  
M. Eslami-Kalantari ◽  
H. R. Amir-Ahmadi ◽  
M. T. Bayat ◽  
A. Deltuva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Nucleon Force ◽  
Satisfactory Description ◽  
Analyzing Powers ◽  
Global Comparison ◽  
Break Up ◽  
The Cross

AbstractA selection of measured cross sections and vector analyzing powers, $$A_{x}$$ A x and $$A_{y}$$ A y , are presented for the $$\vec {p}{d}$$ p → d break-up reaction. The data are taken with a polarized proton beam with a kinetic energy of 135 MeV using the Big Instrument for Nuclear-polarization Analysis (BINA) at KVI, the Netherlands. With this setup, $$A_{x}$$ A x is extracted for the first time for a large range of energies as well as polar and azimuthal angles of the two outgoing protons. For most of the configurations, the results at small and large relative azimuthal angles differ in behavior when comparing experimental data with the theoretical calculations. We also performed a more global comparison of our data with theoretical calculations. The cross-section results show huge values of $$\chi ^{2}$$ χ 2 /d.o.f.. The absolute values of $$\chi ^{2}$$ χ 2 /d.o.f. for the components of vector analyzing powers, $$A_{x}$$ A x and $$A_{y}$$ A y , are smaller than the ones for the cross section, partly due to larger uncertainties for these observables. However, also for these observables no satisfactory agreement is found for all angular combinations. This implies that the present models of a three-nucleon force are not able to provide a satisfactory description of experimental data.

scholarly journals PROMPT PHOTON PRODUCTION IN p-p COLLISIONS

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (20n21) ◽  
pp. 2941-2960 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CLEYMANS ◽  
E. QUACK ◽  
K. REDLICH ◽  
D.K. SRIVASTAVA
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Systematic Study ◽  
Structure Functions ◽  
Photon Production ◽  
Prompt Photon ◽  
Centre Of Mass ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Photon Cross Section

A systematic study of the inclusive photon cross-section in p-p collisions is presented. The dependence of the γ rates on the renormalization and factorization scales is discussed. A comparison is made with experimental data for centre-of-mass energies ranging from 23 GeV to 1.8 TeV. Predictions of the cross-sections are given for two different sets of structure functions for RHIC and LHC energies.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY MEASUREMENTS OF THE QUARK-ANTIQUARK PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTION IN E+E- ANNIHILATIONS UP TO LEP2 HIGHEST ENERGIES

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (supp01a) ◽  
pp. 342-344
Author(s):  
GIUSEPPE DELLA RICCA
Keyword(s):  
Standard Model ◽  
Pair Production ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Production Cross Section ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Delphi Detector ◽  
The Standard Model ◽  
Model Predictions ◽  
The Cross

Data collected with the DELPHI detector at [Formula: see text] up to LEP2 highest energies (i.e. exceeding 205 GeV) have been used to extract preliminary values of the cross-sections for quark-antiquark pair-production in e + e - annihilations. The values found were used to test the Standard Model predictions and to seek for physics beyond it.

FRAGMENTATION PRODUCTION CROSS-SECTIONS IN RELATIVISTIC COLLISIONS

2006 ◽  
Vol 21 (38) ◽  
pp. 2881-2892 ◽  
Author(s):  
İSKENDER DEMİRKOL
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Reaction Mechanisms ◽  
Production Cross ◽  
Cascade Model ◽  
Exciton Model ◽  
Intranuclear Cascade ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Semi Empirical ◽  
Equilibrium Effect

In this study, the fragmentation production cross-sections of heavy residual nuclides in the reactions 238 U (1 A GeV ) + p and p (1.2 GeV ) + 232 Th were calculated and the production of more than 370 different isotopes for this incident reactions was presented. The calculations were made by using the Cascade-Exciton Model including pre-equilibrium effect, the Intranuclear Cascade Model, the empirical and the semi-empirical parametrization. The results of the cross-sections obtained were compared with available experimental data and examined the relation between each other. It is seen that the precision of this models to estimate residue production cross-sections is still far from the performance required for technical applications and this incident model should be improved to obtain a deeper understanding of the reaction mechanisms involved in the production of isotopes.

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