PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

FROM his earliest writings on rheumatic fever, Hugh McCulloch recognized the importance of geographic variation in incidence and prevalence of the disease. What was behind this variation was not clear then and is not clear now. Other problems have, perhaps, been easier to attack, [SEE TABLE I AND II IN SOURCE PDF] since multiplicity of factors impedes definitive analysis of geographic influences, but it is clear that elucidation of the specific reasons behind variations from one locality to another, may go far in promoting effectiveness of preventive measures. As collaborative international efforts in the field of health have progressed, data on the subject are becoming available from more and more nations. Despite difficulties in interpreting the data, to be pointed out later, there are presented herewith information on [SEE FIG.1, FIG.2 AND TABLE III IN SOURCE PDF] the current world-wide situation as reflected in reports to official agencies. It has been repeatedly pointed out that any analysis of incidence of rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease is subject to difficulty because of lack of a specific diagnostic test. Clinical advances have gone far towards clarifying the criteria for establishing the diagnosis, but, in the great majority of cases, decision rests on the clinical acumen of the physician, in terms both of alertness to the possibility that a case is rheumatic fever, and in critical appraisal of the evidence before accepting the diagnosis in doubtful cases.

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Rheumatic heart disease: prevalence and preventive measures in the Indian subcontinentKeywords: rheumatic heart disease; rheumatic fever

Heart ◽

10.1136/hrt.86.2.127 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 86 (2) ◽

pp. 127-127

Author(s):

S PADMAVATI

Keyword(s):

Heart Disease ◽

Rheumatic Fever ◽

Rheumatic Heart Disease ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Disease Prevalence ◽

Rheumatic Heart

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PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.9.3.363 ◽

1952 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 363-365

Author(s):

MILDRED WHITE SOLOMON

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Rheumatic Fever ◽

Extreme Points ◽

The Other ◽

Entire Family ◽

Medical Social Work ◽

The Family ◽

Points Of View ◽

Health Nursing

The child with rheumatic fever presents a problem that involves not only himself, his joints and his heart, but the entire family, the parents and the other children as well. All families normally have problems of various kinds; some manage them and some don't. But having a child come down with a serious long-term illness can mobilize these problems, can become the straw that breaks the camel's back. The child and his illness can become the focus not only of the related but all the unrelated and pent-up feelings in the family. The mother who was previously overprotective of her child will react to the illness in one way; the mother who previously neglected her child will react in another way. Some mothers feel that they must give up their former life entirely, friends and social activities, and devote their entire time to watching over the child and doing things for him. They are being "good" mothers. Others give up nothing, refuse to accept the fact that the child has rheumatic fever and completely ignore it. These I know sound like pretty extreme points of view, but I have found that it is not too rare to find mothers fitting into these pictures.

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PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.3.3.365 ◽

1949 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 365-366

Keyword(s):

Middle Childhood ◽

Sick Child ◽

Social Growth ◽

Medical Social Work ◽

The Subject ◽

Health Nursing ◽

The Many ◽

Sex Attitudes ◽

Home And School ◽

Professional People

TO THE busy practitioner working with six to 12-year olds and their parents, the new booklet YOUR CHILD FROM SIX TO TWELVE, put out by the Federal Children's Bureau, will be a welcome aid. To those who have searched for materials about these children, it is evident that far too little has been written about them and particularly about their emotional and social growth and development at this period. Yet six to 12-year-old youngsters account for more than a third of all the nation's 45 million children. While this new booklet of the Children's Bureau was prepared primarily for parents, YOUR CHILD FROM SIX TO TWELVE has much to commend it to physicians, nurses, and other professional people working with children. The book attempts successfully to appraise the six to 12-year old in his own home—exactly the subject with which physicians, nurses, and other professional people are so often confronted. And certainly few physicians have the time to answer the many questions that parents ask. Katharine F. Lenroot, Chief of the Children's Bureau, has summarized the purpose and scope of the book very well when she has said:"The booklet offers no magic formula to parents on the care of their children. But it does help us see why children between six and 12 behave the way they do. Why they want to do some things and not others. What their physical and mental limitations are. How their abilities can best be developed as they grow older. Above all, the booklet shows how children at this age need and respond to real understanding and respect." This booklet, like others prepared by the Children's Bureau for parents, is written in a quite informal style and has many common sense suggestions about dealing with children of these ages. Some of the things discussed are: What six to 12-year olds are like, what successful parenthood involves, how families influence children's social adjustments, what play means in the life of a child, helping children make the most of their mental ability, when home and school get together, fear, worries and frustrations, pursuits and hobbies, developing wholesome sex attitudes, growth in middle childhood, keeping the child healthy, and the sick child.

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PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.5.2.357 ◽

1950 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 357-361

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

United States ◽

Health Authority ◽

Large Scale ◽

Epidemiologic Study ◽

The United States ◽

Medical Social Work ◽

Average Annual Incidence ◽

Health Nursing ◽

Specific Diagnostic Test

GEOGRAPHIC variation in the incidence of poliomyelitis is not well understood and many of the factors involved have not been properly evaluated. A large scale study of two important phases of this problem has recently been reported by Alexander G. Gilliam, Fay M. Hemphill and Jean H. Gerende (Pub. Health Rep. 64:1575 and 1584, 1949). These investigators studied the reported incidence of poliomyelitis in all the 3,095 counties in the United States and analyzed the data chiefly from the standpoint of variations in average annual incidence and the frequency with which epidemics recurred in a given locality. The problem is complicated, as in many other diseases, by lack of a generally available specific diagnostic test. There is usually little question about the manifest cases with paralysis. Abortive and nonparalytic cases, however, constitute a large variable. In any large scale epidemiologic study one is forced to rely on reports of cases as received by the health authority. While there is provision for correcting these reports if subsequent events cause a change in diagnosis it is obvious that in any locality interest and awareness will largely determine the number of cases reported when there is no paralysis. "It appears necessary to emphasize that in most States in this country no distinction is made between paralytic and nonparalytic poliomyelitis in cases officially reported.

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TRABALHO DE ENFERMAGEM E PRECARIZAÇÃO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA

Enfermagem em Foco ◽

10.21675/2357-707x.2018.v9.n4.1325 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Eugenio Fuentes Pérez Júnior ◽

Helena Maria Scherlowski Leal David

Keyword(s):

Occupational Health ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Qualitative Approach ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Work Process ◽

Nursing Knowledge ◽

Physical And Psychological Health ◽

The Subject ◽

Negative Impacts ◽

Health Nursing

Objetivos: identificar e discutir a produção do conhecimento da enfermagem sobre a influência da precarização no processo de trabalho e a saúde do trabalhador de enfermagem. Metodologia: estudo bibliográfico com abordagem qualitativa, de revisão integrativa da literatura, realizada nas bases BVS, portal de periódicos CAPES, PubMed e Science Direct, no período de 2010 a 2016 e submetidos a análise de conteúdo Resultados: identificou-se a baixa produção da literatura acerca do tema. Na análise qualitativa obteve-se as seguintes categorias: o processo de precarização do trabalho da enfermagem e repercussões da precarização ao processo de trabalho da enfermagem e a saúde do trabalhador. Conclusão: identificou-se a incipiência da produção da enfermagem sobre o tema. Como repercussão da precarização verificou-se o desgaste e sobrecarga de trabalho, assim como impactos negativos na saúde física e psíquica dos trabalhadores.Descritores: Enfermagem do Trabalho; Saúde do Trabalhador; Riscos Ocupacionais.NURSING WORK AND PRECARIOUSNESS: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW.Objectives: to identify and discuss the production of nursing knowledge about the influence of precariousness in the work process and the health of the nursing worker. Methodology: a bibliographical study with qualitative approach, of an integrative review of the literature, carried out in the VHL databases, CAPES journal, PubMed and Science Direct, from 2010 to 2016 and submitted to content analysis. Results: low production of Literature on the subject. In the qualitative analysis, the following categories were obtained: the process of precariousness of nursing work and repercussions of the precariousness to the nursing work process and the health of the worker. Conclusion: the incipience of nursing production on the theme was identified. As a consequence of the precariousness, there was the wear and overload of work, as well as negative impacts on the physical and psychological health of the workers.Descriptors: Occupational health nursing, occupational health, occupational risks.TRABAJO DE ENFERMERÍA Y PRECARIZACIÓN: UNA REVISIÓN INTEGRATIVA.Objetivos: identificar y discutir la producción del conocimiento de la enfermería sobre la influencia de la precarización en el proceso de trabajo y la salud del trabajador de enfermería. Metodologia: estudio bibliográfico con abordaje cualitativo, de revisión integrativa de la literatura, realizada en las bases BVS, portal de revistas CAPES, PubMed y Science Direct, en el período de 2010 a 2016 y sometidos a análisis de contenido. Resultados: se identificó la baja producción de la producción Literatura sobre el tema. En el análisis cualitativo se obtuvieron las siguientes categorías: el proceso de precarización del trabajo de la enfermería y repercusiones de la precarización al proceso de trabajo de la enfermería y la salud del trabajador. Conclusión: se identificó la incipiente de la producción de la enfermería sobre el tema. Como repercusión de la precarización se verificó el desgaste y sobrecarga de trabajo, así como impactos negativos en la salud física y psíquica de los trabajadores.Descriptores: Enfermería del Trabajo; Salud Laboral; Riesgos Laborales.

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Nutrition and cancer – global and African perspectives: a focused update

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society ◽

10.1017/s0029665114001761 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 437-440 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Martin J Wiseman

Keyword(s):

Physical Inactivity ◽

Preventive Measures ◽

Great Majority ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Excess Body Weight ◽

Lower Income ◽

The World ◽

Nutritional Transition ◽

High Level ◽

Lower Income Countries

The burden of cancer worldwide is predicted to almost double by 2030 to nearly 23 million cases annually. The great majority of this increase is expected to occur in less economically developed countries, where access to expensive medical, surgical and radiotherapeutic interventions is likely to be limited to a small proportion of the population. This emphasises the need for preventive measures, as outlined in the declaration from the United Nations 2011 High Level Meeting on Non-communicable Diseases. The rise in incidence is proposed to follow from increasing numbers of people reaching middle and older ages, together with increasing urbanisation of the population with a nutritional transition from traditional diets to a more globalised ‘Western’ pattern, with a decrease in physical activity. This is also expected to effect a change in the pattern of cancers from a predominantly smoking and infection dominated one, to a smoking and obesity dominated one. The World Cancer Research Fund estimates that about a quarter to a third of the commonest cancers are attributable to excess body weight, physical inactivity and poor diet, making this the most common cause of cancers after smoking. These cancers are potentially preventable, but knowledge of the causes of cancer has not led to effective policies to prevent the export of a ‘Western’ pattern of cancers in lower income countries such as many in Africa.

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