PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-365
Author(s):  
MILDRED WHITE SOLOMON
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Extreme Points ◽  
The Other ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
The Family ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Health Nursing

The child with rheumatic fever presents a problem that involves not only himself, his joints and his heart, but the entire family, the parents and the other children as well. All families normally have problems of various kinds; some manage them and some don't. But having a child come down with a serious long-term illness can mobilize these problems, can become the straw that breaks the camel's back. The child and his illness can become the focus not only of the related but all the unrelated and pent-up feelings in the family. The mother who was previously overprotective of her child will react to the illness in one way; the mother who previously neglected her child will react in another way. Some mothers feel that they must give up their former life entirely, friends and social activities, and devote their entire time to watching over the child and doing things for him. They are being "good" mothers. Others give up nothing, refuse to accept the fact that the child has rheumatic fever and completely ignore it. These I know sound like pretty extreme points of view, but I have found that it is not too rare to find mothers fitting into these pictures.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 651-656
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Turn Of The Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Short History ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
The One ◽  
And Child Health

"IF THE Government can have a department to look out after the Nation's farm crops, why can't it have a bureau to look after the Nation's child crop?" It was 1903 and Miss Lillian Wald, founder of New York's Henry Street Settlement, was writing to Mrs. Florence Kelley of the National Consumer's League. This was the beginning of the 9-year effort, in Congress and throughout the country, which led to the foundation of the Children's Bureau in 1912. Devotion, preseverance and steadfastness of purpose have marked the Bureau's leadership since its establishment, and Dr. Martha May Eliot, recently resigned Chief, has been an outstanding example of the fearless fighter for better care of children. Her resignation, to become Professor of Maternal and Child Health at Harvard University's School of Public Health, put to a close a period of 31 years in the Bureau, years full of striking progress and accomplishments. Martha Eliot's career and the history of the Children's Bureau are closely interwoven; to understand the one it is important to know the other. A happy coincidence is the recent appearance of a short history of the Children's Bureau providing an interesting and factual chronicle, beginning with the first efforts at the turn of the century to establish an agency for children.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1095-1096
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Birth Rate ◽  
Public Health Service ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
National Office ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
High Level ◽  
Monthly Variations

AS PART of its Monthly Vital Statistics Report, the National Office of Vital Statistics of the U. S. Public Health Service publishes each year an estimate of the most important statistical indices of the previous year. In the March 12, 1957 issue of the Report, Vol. 5, No. 13, Part 1, the annual summary of provisional vital statistics for the year is presented. Monthly variations for the four major indices, Births, Deaths, Marriages, and Infant Mortality, are shown in Figure 1, [See FIG. 1. in Source Pdf.] which compares the data for 1956 with 1955. It is to be noted that the data are provisional and subject to connection. Previous experience, however, indicates little likelihood of more than very minor changes. Births in 1956 climbed to another recordbreaking high with registered births reaching 4,168,000, on a rate of 24.9 pen 1,000 population. Addition of an estimate for unregistered births raises the total to 4,220,000, or a rate of 25.2. The birth rate has maintained a consistently high level for more than a decade, having achieved a high point of 26.6 in 1947. As in previous years, highest rates centered in the south, lowest in the northeastern areas of the country. Deaths in 1956 totaled 1,565,000, a rate of 9.4 per 1,000 population, slightly higher than the rate of 9.3 in 1955 and the low of 9.2 reached in 1954.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-865
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
New York ◽  
New England ◽  
Central Area ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
North Central ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
South Central ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
West North Central

A "Measles Year" ACCORDING to the reports of the U.S. Public Health Service, this is a measles year. For example, a total of 15,266 cases were reported for the week of January 29, 1949, compared to a five year median of 6,712. Increases were reported in all geographic divisions except New England and the West North Central area. The largest increases were in the East South Central and South Atlantic areas. Of the total that week, an aggregate of 10,522 cases occurred in the following 12 states: Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania, Michigan, Wisconsin, Maryland, Virginia, Kentucky, Alabama, Texas, Oregon, and California. In contrast to measles, the influenza incidence picture shows an unusually low number of cases. For example, in the week of January 29, 1949, a total of 4,534 cases was reported, compared to a five year median of 14,253. List of Publications Under date of March 1948 the Children's Bureau has published a list of its publications. The list includes all publications of the Children's Bureau issued since 1945 that are available for general distribution; earlier publications of the Bureau that are still available and of current value; some reprints of material published elsewhere but reproduced by or for the Bureau. Pediatricians will find some of these reprints of particular interest. Single copies of the list and of most of the publications can be obtained free from the Children's Bureau, Washington 25, D.C.

IMPACT OF CYSTIC FIBROSIS ON FAMILY FUNCTIONING

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1964 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-71
Author(s):  
Juanita Turk
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Sick Child ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Needs ◽  
Entire Family ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Service Agencies

This study was undertaken to determine whether families of children with cystic fibrosis were experiencing difficulties in meeting family needs and in maintaining normal family relationships. It was found that families were not deprived of the essentials of living, but they were not able to maintain their usual pattern of family relationships. Time and energy precluded carrying on activities with each other and with the children; and there was breakdown in their ability to communicate adequately between themselves and the children regarding important family issues. In order to preserve the family as a functioning unit, someone has to be concerned about the entire family. Of necessity, the family has focused on the sick child, leaving the physician, the nurse, the social worker and/or the social agencies to help the family refocus on its total situation, rather than just a part of it. Traditionally, the mother takes care of the sick child. It is she who takes the child to the doctor's office and is responsible for carrying out his recommendations. In the care of a CF child, she assumes a heavy burden and frequently is fatigued from this responsibility. Because she is so tired and so occupied, she may misunderstand or distort what she is told by the physician, and may not be able to tell her husband or the children what they need to know in order to participate in family activities and in the care of the CF child. This situation can easily lead to misunderstanding and tension within the family. To avoid this, both parents could be encouraged, at some point, to come together to the physician's office for discussion. Such discussions could lead to more consideration and appreciation being given to each other. It might lessen the tendency for each to blame the other for the child's illness and could avoid the feeling voiced by one mother, "I would like to blow him out of his chair so that he would help me and understand what I go through." We also need to realize that the CF child is frequently aware of the demands he makes on the family. If these demands are not discussed freely, then everyone is caught in a "web of silence" revolving around his own feelings of frustration. This creates a burden for everyone, including the CF child, and if not discussed it can impair the psychological functioning of all members. The CF child needs to be encouraged to participate in his own care program and to assume some responsibilities for himself. He should not reach the age of seven being unable to tie his own shoes or dress himself, as has been observed in some CF children. It would seem feasible, therefore, that the CF child should have an awareness of what is wrong with him, and what his abilities and limitations are. The other siblings should also be given as much explanation as possible because they, too, are part of the family and attention and care is being diverted from them. This explanation could make for more understanding on the sibling's part. While it would still be difficult for him to accept some of the decisions made (such as why the parents could not get home from the hospital in order for him to use the family car for a senior prom), he would know that it was the situation that was causing the decrease in attention and care rather than rejection of him by the parents. In order to give these families as much assistance as possible, the community's resources should be utilized. Frequently, the parents are unaware of these or need encouragement to avail themselves of services. The homemaker service or visiting nurse service could free the family from constant care; the local youth program could be helpful to the siblings in the family, and Family Service Agencies could be used for counseling on family problems. In summary, this study points up the need for the total family to have an understanding and awareness of CF and to share such knowledge with one another; that all problems of the family have to be considered and not just those of the CF child; and that help from other professional people should be utilized along with sources of the community.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 589-592
Author(s):  
WILL C. TURNBLADH
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Juvenile Delinquency ◽  
Executive Director ◽  
Juvenile Court ◽  
Professional Organization ◽  
Juvenile Courts ◽  
Domestic Relations ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
Probation And Parole ◽  
Health Nursing

INCREASINGLY, in recent years, pediatricians have been called on to work with the problem of juvenile delinquency. Published statistics on crimes and antisocial activities by children have sometimes been frightening, and loose remarks are often made about drastic remedies being needed to "curb" modern youth. In such a situation, parents naturally turn to their physicians for advice and counsel. Within the community pattern of the attack on juvenile delinquency, the "juvenile court" has a central role. If the ignorance of this editor is any index, pediatricians, in general, know little of the structure, responsibilities, jurisdiction, community relationships, and standards of juvenile courts. It is, for example, both revealing and reassuring to learn that ". . . the court stands in the position of a `protecting parent' rather than a prosecutor. . . ." The National Probation and Parole Association, a nonprofit citizen and professional organization with professional and technical staff, seeks to extend and improve probation and parole services for both children and adults throughout the country, to promote juvenile and domestic relations courts and to develop specialized facilities and programs for the detention of children. At the request of the editor, Mr. Will C. Turnbladh, Executive Director of the Association, has prepared the following interesting and informative article on the background and some of the problems of juvenile courts.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-324
Author(s):  
Floyd M. Feldmann
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Patch Test ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
Striking Change ◽  
Tuberculin Testing ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
The Individual

As a pediatric problem, tuberculosis has undergone striking change in the past decades, yet few diseases have the complicated interrelationship of personal and community significance that is peculiar to tuberculosis. Management of the tuberculous patient has become largely a matter for hospital and specialized outpatient services, and the individual practitioner has been chiefly concerned with case finding in his own practice. Since the tuberculin test is such an important tool in this respect, the editors thought such a review as presented by Dr. Feldmann of particular importance. A number of controversial points are touched on. In any public health procedure a routine screening test has value in relation to the proportion of positives likely to result. A test which results in more than 50% positive is not very helpful. On the other hand, a test with one positive in 1,000 is probably too expensive. Dr. Feldmann points out the cogent reasons for routine tuberculin testing and the pediatrician will need to consider these reasons in the light of the conditions in his community and the relevant local and state health program. Some may be disturbed by the criticism made of the patch test, yet it is important to recognize its limitations. Failure of the patch test to detect all positives has been well known and most pediatricians have thought it useful chiefly as a preliminary test to find the more sensitive reactors.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING, MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 358-361
Author(s):  
Helen M. Wallace ◽  
Amelia Igel ◽  
Margaret A. Losty
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Inpatient Care ◽  
Foster Home ◽  
Handicapped Children ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
Definitive Method ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
Home Placement

Need for a foster home placement program for handicapped children in an urban area was demonstrated by sending a questionnaire to hospitals and convalescent homes, and by careful review of certain children whose inpatient care was being paid for by the official Crippled Children Program. The outstanding fact was that a significant number of handicapped children were being retained in institutions for social, and not medical, reasons. Agreement was reached among social agencies that a co-ordinated community program for foster home placement of handicapped children was necessary but a definitive method was not evolved nor were adequate funds secured to finance costs.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1952 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Work ◽  
Public Health Nursing ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
Nursing Organizations ◽  
Health Nursing

Realignment of the national nursing organizations will make it possible for nursing to achieve close coordination of effort and at the same time preserve the diversity which stimulates the growth of various phases of nursing.

PUBLIC HEALTH, NURSING AND MEDICAL SOCIAL WORK

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1955 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-630
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Fever ◽  
Critical Appraisal ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Great Majority ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
Clinical Advances ◽  
Specific Diagnostic Test ◽  
Rheumatic Heart

FROM his earliest writings on rheumatic fever, Hugh McCulloch recognized the importance of geographic variation in incidence and prevalence of the disease. What was behind this variation was not clear then and is not clear now. Other problems have, perhaps, been easier to attack, [SEE TABLE I AND II IN SOURCE PDF] since multiplicity of factors impedes definitive analysis of geographic influences, but it is clear that elucidation of the specific reasons behind variations from one locality to another, may go far in promoting effectiveness of preventive measures. As collaborative international efforts in the field of health have progressed, data on the subject are becoming available from more and more nations. Despite difficulties in interpreting the data, to be pointed out later, there are presented herewith information on [SEE FIG.1, FIG.2 AND TABLE III IN SOURCE PDF] the current world-wide situation as reflected in reports to official agencies. It has been repeatedly pointed out that any analysis of incidence of rheumatic fever and chronic rheumatic heart disease is subject to difficulty because of lack of a specific diagnostic test. Clinical advances have gone far towards clarifying the criteria for establishing the diagnosis, but, in the great majority of cases, decision rests on the clinical acumen of the physician, in terms both of alertness to the possibility that a case is rheumatic fever, and in critical appraisal of the evidence before accepting the diagnosis in doubtful cases.

scholarly journals Perchance to Dream: Pathology, Pharmacology, and Politics in a 24-Hour Economy

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-305
Author(s):  
IAIN BRASSINGTON
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
The Other ◽  
Share Price ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Health It ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Lack Of Sleep

Abstract:The lack of sleep is a significant problem in the modern world. The structure of the economy means that 24 hour working is required from some of us, sometimes because we are expected to be able to respond to share-price fluctuations on the other side of the planet, sometimes because we are expected to serve kebabs to people leaving nightclubs, and sometimes because lives depend on it. The immediate effect is that we feel groggy; but there may be much more sinister long-term effects of persistent sleep deprivation and disruption, the evidence for which is significant, and worth taking seriously. If sleeplessness has a serious impact on health, it represents a notable public health problem. In this article, I sketch that problem, and look at how exploiting the pharmacopoeia (or a possible future pharmacopoeia) might allow us to tackle it. I also suggest that using drugs to mitigate or militate against sleeplessness is potentially morally and politically fraught, with implications for social justice. Hence, whatever reasons we have to use drugs to deal with the problems of sleeplessness, we ought to be careful.

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