Catheter-Related Infection in Infants Due to an Unusual Lipophilic Yeast—Malassezia furfur

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 76 (6) ◽  
pp. 896-900
Author(s):  
John G. Long ◽  
Harry L. Keyserling
Keyword(s):  
Culture Media ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Sudden Onset ◽  
Buffy Coat ◽  
Malassezia Furfur ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Catheter Related Infection ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Tinea Versicolor

Malassezia furfur (Pityrosporum orbiculare, P ovals), a lipophilic yeast that is part of the normal skin flora, causes tinea versicolor but has only rarely been associated with more serious infections. We report five episodes in four infants of catheter-related infection caused by this organism. All episodes occurred in infants who had survived serious neonatal disorders and were receiving prolonged therapy with intravenous fat emulsion. Sudden onset of fever without focal findings was the usual presentation; however, one afebrile patient had recurrent episodes of apnea, bradycardia, and cyanosis. Thrombocytopenia was a prominent finding. Patients were generally treated with amphotericin B. All patients recovered when the colonized catheter was removed or fat emulsion therapy was stopped. The yeast usually grew slowly in blood culture media but grew readily when subcultured onto Sabouraud's medium coated with sterile olive oil. Yeasts were readily identified in all four patients in whom a buffy coat Gram stain was obtained of blood from the central intravenous catheter. M furfur may be a fairly common but unrecognized cause of catheter-related sepsis in infants receiving long-term fat emulsion therapy. This organism should be sought whenever routine blood cultures are negative for bacteria and yeasts are observed in a buffy coat Gram stain.

Malassezia furfurInfections

1991 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 676-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osvaldo Teglia ◽  
Paul E. Schoch ◽  
Burke A. Cunha
Keyword(s):  
Normal Skin ◽  
Intravenous Line ◽  
Clinical Syndromes ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Tinea Versicolor ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Line Sepsis

Malassezia furfur, previously known asPityrosporum obiculare, is a lipophilic saprophytic yeast that preferentially colonizes the skin of the scalp, chest, and back. Three clinical syndromes have been associated withM furfurinfections: intravenous line sepsis associated with lipid infusions; folliculitis, most often in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and less commonly in steroid-treated patients with diabetes mellitus; and tinea versicolor, a superficial dermatosis seen in healthy young adults. Most cases ofM furfurseen in the hospital are AIDS patients with folliculitis and intravenous line sepsis in neonates receiving lipid emulsions.ThegenusMalasseziaconsists of two saprophytic yeast-like organisms:M furfurandMalassezia pachydermatitis.M furfur, predominantly a yeast, is a fastidiously lipophylic member of the normal skin flora in 90% of humans. It is present as filamentous structures in the skin where the organism is associated with tinea versicolor and folliculitis.M pachydermatitisis a yeast most often associated with dogs, where it has been reported to cause otitis externa. Recent reports have implicated this organism in human infections as well.

Personal Hygiene terhadap Infeksi Pityriasis Versikolor pada Nelayan Di Desa Penjajap Kecamatan Pemangkat

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Supriyanto Supriyanto ◽  
Indah Purwaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Water Supply ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Pityriasis Versicolor ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Retrospective Design ◽  
Skin Flora

Abstract: Pityriasis versicolor or better known as “panu” is a superfcial fungal infection characterized by changes in skin pigment due to Stratum corneum colonization by dimorphic lipophilic fungi from normal skin flora. Pitiriasis versicolor is an infectious disease that is estimated occur due to poor sanitation (personal hygine) and lack of clean water. This research was aimed to determine factors related to Pityriasis versicolor infection. It used retrospective design where researcher tried to looking back about the incident of Pitiriasis versicolor on 76 fshermen who choosen by using simple random sampling. Based on the result of reseach, it was determine that bath habit (p = 0,000), clothing hygiene (p = 0,839), towels cleanliness (p = 0,699), clean water supply (p = 0,000), home environment hygiene (p = 0,588), for p<0,05 then these factors were related to the occurrence of Pitiriasis versicolor infection on fshermen in Penjajap Village Pemangkat. Thus, it could be conclude that there was signifcant correlation between bath habit and clean water supply with the incidence of Pityriasis versicolor infection. While the cleanliness of clothing, cleanliness of towels, and cleanliness of the home environment is not associated with the incidence of Pityriasis versicolor infection. Abstrak: Pityriasis versikolor atau lebih dikenal dengan panu adalah infeksi jamur superfsial yang ditandai perubahan pigmen kulit akibat kolonisasi stratum korneum oleh jamur lipoflik dimorfk dari flora normal kulit. Pityriasis versikolor merupakan penyakit menular yang diperkirakan terjadi karena sanitasi (personal hygiene) yang buruk dan kurangnya air bersih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor personal hygiene terhadap infeksi pityriasis versikolor. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan retrospektif dimana peneliti berusaha melihat ke belakang (backward looking) terhadap kejadian pityriasis versikolor pada 76 nelayan yang terpilih sebagai responden dengan teknik simple random sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa kebiasaan mandi (p = 0,000), kebersihan pakaian (p = 0,839), kebersihan handuk (p = 0,699), persediaan air bersih (p = 0,000), kebersihan lingkungan rumah (p = 0,588), untuk p < 0,05 maka faktor-faktor tersebut berhubungan terhadap terjadinya infeksi pityriasis versikolor pada nelayan di Desa Penjajap Kecamatan Pemangkat. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada hubungan yang signifkan antara kebiasaan mandi dan persediaan air bersih dengan kejadian infeksi pityriasis versikolor. Sedangkan kebersihan pakaian, kebersihan handuk, dan kebersihan lingkungan rumah tidak berhubungan dengan kejadian infeksi pityriasis versikolor.

scholarly journals Aeromonas Sobria: a Rare Cause of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Peritonitis

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreja Figurek ◽  
Vlastimir Vlatkovic ◽  
Dragan Vojvodic
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Pseudomembranous Colitis ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Aeromonas Sobria ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Common Causes ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Peritonitis is a very common complication in patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. The most common causes are gram positive cocci (part of the normal skin flora), and then gram negative bacteria, while fungi are listed as a rare cause of peritonitis. Aeromonas species are identified as a rare cause of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis-related peritonitis. Among them, Aeromonas hydrophila is somewhat more common, followed by Aeromonas caviae.Case presentation. We reported a case of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis peritonitis caused by Aeromonas sobria that is extremely rare cause of this type of peritonitis. In our patient, pseudomembranous colitis occured as a complication and, reinfection – another episode of peritonitis with Klebsiella pneumoniae. Treatment with third-episode cephalosporins was successful and patient continued treatment with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Conclusions. The rare causes of peritonitis should not be ignored, especially those which lead to increased morbidity and mortality of patients.

scholarly journals Review Artikel: Pengaruh Ekstrak Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L.) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Jamur Malassezia furfur Penyebab Penyakit Panu (Tinea versicolor)

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Hepni Hepni
Keyword(s):  
Allium Sativum ◽  
Malassezia Furfur ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Tinea Versicolor

Bawang putih selain dikenal sebagai salah satu bumbu dapur dan dipercaya juga sebagai antibiotik dan antifungi. Khasiat ini disebabkan oleh zat allicin yang kandungannya mampu membunuh jamur dan bakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi ekstrak bawang putih terhadap zona hambat pertumbuhan jamur Malassezia furfur penyebab penyakit panu (Tinea versicolor), dengan menggunakan metode studi literatur. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan yaitu purposive sampling dan memperoleh 2 sampel yaitu berupa jurnal dan Karya Tulis Ilmiah yang membahas tentang pengaruh bawang putih dalam mengatasi penyakit panu. Senyawa yang ada pada bawang putih adalah allicinn yang didapatkan dari ekstrak bawang putih yang mempunyai aktivitas dan daya hambat terhadap jamur Malassezia furfur penyebab penyakit panu. Dengan hasil yang didapatkan semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak bawang putih maka semakin luas zona hambat pertumbuhan jamur penyebab panu.

Metabolism of skin and muscle protein is regulated differently in response to nutrition

1998 ◽  
Vol 274 (3) ◽  
pp. E484-E492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Jun Zhang ◽  
David L. Chinkes ◽  
David Doyle ◽  
Robert R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Protein Synthesis Rate ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Fat Emulsion ◽  
Protein Kinetics ◽  
Protein Mass ◽  
Skin Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Metabolism

We have measured skin and muscle protein kinetics and amino acid (AA) transport in anesthetized rabbits during 1) 64-h fast, 2) AA infusion, 3) AA plus fat emulsion infusion, and 4) AA plus hyperinsulinemia.l-[ ring-13C6]phenylalanine was infused as the tracer, and the ear and hindlimb were used as arteriovenous units to reflect skin and muscle protein kinetics, respectively. Skin protein net balance was not different from zero in all groups, indicating a maintenance of protein mass. In contrast, the muscle net balance differed over a range from −1.6 ± 0.6 after fasting to 0.2 ± 0.2 μmol ⋅ 100 g−1⋅ h−1during hyperinsulinemia. In the skin, 59–66% of intracellular free phenylalanine came from proteolysis, and phenylalanine availability from proteolysis was positively correlated to the protein synthesis rate. In conclusion, normal skin maintains its constant protein mass by efficient reutilization of AAs from proteolysis. In contrast to muscle, skin protein is relatively insensitive to control by nutritional and hormonal factors. Because of the metabolic differences, when limb models are used for muscle protein metabolism, the potential contribution by limb skin should be considered.

Spinal and Intracranial Epidural Abscess, and Subdural Empyema

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tyler R. West ◽  
Kelly J Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Epidural Abscess ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Cord Compression ◽  
Subdural Empyema ◽  
Spinal Epidural Abscess ◽  
Neurosurgical Procedures ◽  
Direct Extension ◽  
Adjacent Structures ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Hematogenous Seeding

A spinal epidural abscess is an infection that resides in the epidural space of the spinal canal, and most commonly occurs from hematogenous seeding or direct extension from adjacent structures. Normal skin flora such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus spp are the most common organisms to cause an epidural abscess, typically when host immunity is compromised or due to barrier disruption. The clinical presentation is heterogeneous, but often will progress over time to spinal cord compression. Intracranial epidural abscess and subdural empyema occur within the skull and are frequently spread via direct extension of infections from contiguous structures or as complications from neurosurgical procedures. Prompt diagnosis and treatment is essential for improving morbidity and mortality.

scholarly journals The role of normal skin in the spread of streptococcal pyoderma

1970 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Dudding ◽  
J. W. Burnett ◽  
S. S. Chapman ◽  
L. W. Wannamaker
Keyword(s):  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Group A Streptococci ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Primary Body ◽  
Group A ◽  
Upper Respiratory

SummaryThe primary body site of acquisition of group A streptococci was examined prospectively in a population with endemic streptococcal pyoderma. Weekly cultures were obtained during the skin infection season from apparently normal upper respiratory and cutaneous sites (and from skin lesions when present) in 44 children and adults living on the Red Lake Indian Reservation.During the 9-week period of the study 705 of a total of 2305 cultures were positive for group A streptococci. The percentage of positive cultures from the various sites were: throat (20%); nose (24%); wrist (32%); ankle (35%); back (22%); and skin lesions (81%). Group A streptococci were also isolated from fingernail dirt, clothing and bedding as well as from a few household pets and insects.Analysis of serial cultures obtained from the same individuals at weekly intervals suggested that the strains isolated from skin lesions first appeared on normal skin in the 2 weeks preceding the lesion. Spread to the nose and throat followed skin acquisition and/or skin lesions.The high prevalence of group A streptococci on normal skin in the absence as well as the presence of pyoderma, and their appearance on normal skin before recovery from either skin lesions or the upper respiratory tract are consistent with the view that skin acquisition was a primary predisposing factor to pyoderma. Since the literature indicates that group A streptococci are rarely part of the normal skin flora, these findings raise the possibility of unique biological properties of these and perhaps other pyoderma strains, as distinct from other group A streptococci.

scholarly journals Microbiological aspects of peritonitis associated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

1992 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
A von Graevenitz ◽  
D Amsterdam
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Bloodstream Infections ◽  
Peritoneal Macrophages ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococci ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Skin Flora

The process of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis has provided a useful, relatively inexpensive, and safe alternative for patients with end-stage renal disease. Infectious peritonitis, however, has limited a more widespread acceptance of this technique. The definition of peritonitis in this patient population is not universally accepted and does not always include the laboratory support of a positive culture (or Gram stain). In part, the omission of clinical microbiological findings stems from the lack of sensitivity of earlier microbiological efforts. Peritonitis results from decreased host phagocytic efficiency with depressed phagocytosis and bactericidal capacity of peritoneal macrophages. During episodes of peritonitis, fluid movement is reversed, away from the lymphatics and peritoneal membrane and toward the cavity. As a result, bloodstream infections are rare. Most peritonitis episodes are caused by bacteria. Coagulase-negative staphylococci are the most frequently isolated organisms, usually originating from the skin flora, but a wide array of microbial species have been documented as agents of peritonitis. Clinical microbiology laboratories need to be cognizant of the diverse agents so that appropriate primary media can be used. The quantity of dialysate fluid that is prepared for culture is critical and should constitute at least 10 ml. The sensitivity of the cultural approach depends on the volume of dialysate, its pretreatment (lysis or centrifugation), the media used, and the mode of incubation. The low concentration of microorganisms in dialysate fluids accounts for negative Gram stain results. Prevention of infection in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients is associated with the socioeconomic status of the patient, advances in equipment (catheter) technology, and, probably least important, the application of prophylactic antimicrobial agents.

Skin Care of Newborns

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 54 (6) ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
L. Stanley James ◽  
Stanley N. Graven ◽  
Jacob L. Kay ◽  
Sheldon B. Korones ◽  
H. Belton Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Care ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Dry Skin ◽  
Prevention Of Infection ◽  
Risks And Benefits ◽  
Surgical Wounds ◽  
Skin Flora ◽  
Neutral Material ◽  
Skin Secretions

The recent concern related to bathing newborns with hexachlorophene has led to a redefinition of appropriate skin care for newly born infants in hospital nurseries. Skin manipulations are performed (1) for prevention of infection and (2) for aesthetic and cleansing purposes. The skin is a protective organ and any break in its integrity affords an opportunity for initiation of infection. In addition, it is clear that protection against invading pathogenic organisms is afforded by skin secretions or contents and the normal skin biota. Therefore, skin care should involve cleansing with a non-toxic, non-abrasive neutral material. Consideration of skin care of the newborn is further complicated by the fact that the infant does not have protective skin flora at birth, has at least one and possibly two open surgical wounds, the umbilicus and circumcision site, and is exposed to fomites and personnel that harbor a variety of infectious agents. Risks and benefits of each skin-care technique in the newly born must be weighed. Is the agent used absorbed and toxic directly or indirectly? What is the effect of the technique on the skin itself? Does the agent predispose to a biota change that is detrimental to the infant? The currently available data suggest that perhaps the best method for managing infant skin is to minimize manipulation. The recommended technique is referred to as dry skin care. "Dry technique" is recommended for the following reasons: (1) it subjects the infant to less heat loss by exposure; (2) it diminishes skin trauma; (3) it requires less time, and (4) it does not expose the infant to agents with known or unknown side effects.

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