Early Detection of Delayed Myelination in Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-411
Author(s):  
Margot van de Bor ◽  
Gerard L. Guit ◽  
Anneke M. Schreuder ◽  
John Wondergem ◽  
G. Jan Vielvoye
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Term Infants ◽  
Postmenstrual Age ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Delayed Myelination

Myelination of the central nervous system can be demonstrated with magnetic resonance imaging. The influence of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia on cerebral myelination was studied using magnetic resonance imaging. The subjects were 33 preterm infants of less than 30 weeks' gestation studied at 44 weeks' postmenstrual age: 11 infants with periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage, 7 with periventricular leukomalacia, and 15 without periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia. There were no differences in mean gestational age and birth weight between the three groups. However, infants without periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia had significantly less respiratory distress syndrome. At 44 weeks postmenstrual age, infants with periventricular leukomalacia had a significantly delayed myelination pattern (stage M2) in comparison with infants without periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage or periventricular leukomalacia and infants with periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (stages M3 and M4). The latter two groups had myelination stages that were similar to those of healthy term infants at 44 weeks' postmenstrual age. The results demonstrate that periventricular leukomalacia causes delayed myelination of the cerebrum, whereas periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage does not.

Value of Cranial Ultrasound and Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Predicting Neurodevelopmental Outcome in Preterm Infants

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-199
Author(s):  
Margot van de Bor ◽  
Lya den Ouden ◽  
Gerard L. Guit
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Predictive Factor ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
Periventricular Leukomalacia ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Outcome ◽  
Cranial Ultrasound ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Postmenstrual Age

In this prospective study, cranial ultrasound was performed to detect periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia in 33 preterm infants of less than 32 weeks' gestation. At 44 weeks postmenstrual age magnetic resonance imaging was performed to detect the stage of myelination. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed at 3 years of age in 31 children (2 children died in the first year of life). Significant correlations were found between neurodevelopmental outcome and ultrasound findings (χ2 = 32.8; P < .0001) and stage of myelination (χ2 = 20.5; P < .0005). To establish the criterion with the best predictive factor, multiple regression analysis was performed with outcome as dependent variable and periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage, periventricular leukomalacia, and stage of myelination as independent variables. It appeared that the detection of periventricular leukomalacia with ultrasound showed the best predictive factor for neurodevelopmental outcome. Routine magnetic resonance imaging at 44 weeks postmenstrual age should not be performed just for the purpose of predicting neurodevelopmental outcome more reliably.

Prospective Observations of 100 High-Risk Neonates by High-Field (1.5 Tesla) Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Central Nervous System: I. Intraventricular and Extracerebral Lesions

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-430
Author(s):  
Susan E. Keeney ◽  
Eugene W. Adcock ◽  
Craig B. McArdle
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Intraventricular Hemorrhage ◽  
High Field ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Neurodevelopmental Delay ◽  
The Central Nervous System

The results of observations of the first 100 neonates at the University of Texas Health Science Center (Houston) who received magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system by means of a high-field image (1.5 T) are reported. All were assessed prospectively to be at risk for neurodevelopmental delay. This first report specifically addresses the appearance of primarily hemorrhagic intracranial lesions, including intraventricular hemorrhage (n = 28), and extracerebral lesions, which include 3 cases of venous sinus thrombosis (n = 20). The signal intensities of hemorrhage underwent a characteristic evolution with time with only minor variations in the study group. Magnetic resonance imaging detected direct evidence of hemorrhage for up to 2 months, but hemosiderin was detected as a late indicator of hemorrhage for up to 9 months. Magnetic resonance imaging was equal in benefit to head ultrasonography and computed tomography for the diagnosis of intraventricular hemorrhage, but magnetic resonance imaging was also able to approximate the time of onset of hemorrhage. Magnetic resonance imaging was superior for the evaluation of extracerebral hemorrhage; ultrasonography failed to detect any of these lesions and computed tomography detected only 3 of 7. Short-term neurological abnormality was assessed, but the ability of magnetic resonance imaging to predict long-term neurodevelopmental delay is unknown and is the subject of an ongoing project.

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging for smoking abstinence: symptoms, mechanisms, and interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Yanzhi Bi ◽  
Li Hu
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Smoking Abstinence ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Functional Changes ◽  
Quit Attempts ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Tobacco smoking is the leading preventable cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although a number of smokers are aware of the adverse outcomes of smoking and express a strong desire to stop smoking, most smoking quit attempts end in relapse within the first few days of abstinence, primarily resulting from the aversive aspects of the nicotine withdrawal syndrome. Therefore, studying the neural mechanisms of smoking abstinence, identifying smokers with heightened relapse vulnerability prior to quit attempts, and developing effective smoking cessation treatments appear to be promising strategies for improving the success of quit attempts. In recent years, with the development of magnetic resonance imaging, the neural substrates of smoking abstinence have become extensively studied. In this review, we first introduce the psychophysiological changes induced by smoking abstinence, including affective, cognitive, and somatic signs. We then provide an overview of the magnetic resonance imaging-based evidence regarding abstinence-related functional changes accompanied by these psychophysiological changes. We conclude with a discussion of the neural markers that could predict relapse during quit attempts and a summary of the psychophysiological interventions that are currently often used to help with smoking cessation. This review extends our understanding of the role of the central nervous system in smoking abstinence.

Predictive Value of Neonatal Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Preterm Infants

NeoReviews ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. e490-e500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia M. Ortinau ◽  
Terrie E. Inder ◽  
Christopher D. Smyser
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging versus ultrasound at early post-term age in brain imaging of preterm infants

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Petropoulou ◽  
H. Bouza ◽  
I. Nikas ◽  
G. Chrousos ◽  
M. Anagnostakou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Brain Imaging ◽  
Preterm Infants ◽  
Resonance Imaging
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