Trends in AIDS Epidemic

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 636-636
Author(s):  
ANDREW F. SHORR
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
The Past ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Interesting Insight ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Futterman et al provide interesting insight into the spread of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among adolescents in New York City and into the impact the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) has had on this population. In their conclusion, however, they misrepresent the data regarding HIV and AIDS among youth. More specifically, they write, "Reported AIDS cases among adolescents increased by over 77% over the past two years. . ." By using cumulative percent data for AIDS cases, they distort the true picture. The actual data reveal that the number of AIDS cases in this population has dropped during the past year.

1. The emergence and state of the HIV and AIDS epidemic

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Alan Whiteside
Keyword(s):  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Marginal Groups ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Hiv Virus ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Prevention Methods ◽  
New Treatments ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hiv Aids

‘The emergence and state of the HIV and AIDS epidemic’ outlines the emergence of HIV/AIDS, charting the current state of the disease globally. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) virus. The spread of AIDS is a complex, long-wave, epidemic event, with waves of spread followed by waves of impact. The future of HIV/AIDS is, epidemiologically, reasonably predictable. Unless the virus mutates and becomes more easily transmitted it will be contained. Science is advancing, with new treatments becoming available and technological prevention methods, microbicides, and vaccines in the pipeline. The impacts are less certain, but will be confined to the worst affected countries and most marginal groups.

scholarly journals Impact of intervention programs on nurses’ knowledge, attitudes, and willingness to take care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a descriptive review

Medicina ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vida Mockienė ◽  
Tarja Suominen ◽  
Maritta Välimäki ◽  
Artūras Razbadauskas
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Nurses Knowledge

Objective. This paper reviews the current literature on intervention programs designed to improve nurses’ knowledge and attitudes to human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and their willingness to take care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. It also explores the impact of these intervention programs. Materials and methods. The MEDLINE and Pubmed, Science Direct, Cochrane Library, EbscoHost, ERIC databases were searched for relevant English-language citations between 1997 and 2007 using the following search terms: human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, nurse, intervention, teaching, education, knowledge, attitude, and willingness. Relevant articles were retrieved, reviewed, and assessed. A total of 16 articles were considered appropriate and selected for content analysis. Results. We identified articles that reported on intervention programs to improve nurses’ knowledge and attitudes and their willingness to take care of patients with human immunodeficiency virus/ acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Eight of the intervention studies included lectures among their methods of educational intervention. The nurse sample sizes (n) ranged from 12 to 552. Many of the studies involved one experimental/intervention group and one control group. The intervention programs varied in terms of their methodological rigor. Almost all reported one or more statistically significant effects. Conclusions. The review highlights the need for well-designed, methodologically sound research on outcomes of nursing education. Future studies should examine not only the short-term effectiveness of intervention programs in terms of changing attitudes and increasing willingness to care, but also their impact in the longer term.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS SEBAGAI “RUANG” PELAYANAN PASTORAL GEREJA

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46
Author(s):  
Robinson Simanungkalit
Keyword(s):  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Proper Understanding ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
History Of ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
The Church ◽  
Hiv Aids

It is important to explain some important things on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). This study was aimed to to provide a proper understanding on the HIV/AIDS. Consequently, this study described what the HIV/AIDS is, the history of the emergence of HIV/AIDS, the transmission of HIV/AIDS, and the effects of HIV/AIDS on infected human. People infected with HIV and AIDS are referred to as PLWHA (People living with HIV and AIDS). They may be church citizens. Therefore, the church must not "turn a blind eye", but is required to be proactive in responding to people who have infected with HIV/AIDS.BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT: Sangatlah penting untuk menjelaskan beberapa hal penting tentang HIV/AIDS guna memberikan pemahaman yang benar tentang HIV/AIDS. Dibutuhkan penjelasan tentang apa itu HIV/AIDS, Sejarah munculnya HIV/AIDS, Penularan HIV/AIDS dan dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh HIV/AIDS terhadap orang- orang yang terinfeksi. Orang yang terinfeksi HIV dan AIDS itu disebut sebagai ODHA (Orang yang hidup dengan HIV dan AIDS). Mungkin saja mereka adalah warga gereja dan karena itu gereja tidak boleh “menutup mata” tetapi dituntut untuk proaktif dalam menyikapi keberadaan warganya yang terinfeksi HIV/AIDS.Keywords: HIV/AIDS, ODHA

scholarly journals PERMASALAHAN GENDER DALAM KASUS HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS - ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME (HIV-AIDS) DI INDONESIA

EGALITA ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avin Ainur
Keyword(s):  
Sex Workers ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Crisis Phenomenon ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Mother To Child ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p>HIV-AIDS epidemic is a global crisis phenomenon and the hardes challenges for social development, particularly for underdevelopment countries. In general, people with HIV-AIDS are adults who are at the productive age and almost half are women. The National HIV-AIDS Prevention Commission stated that the number of housewives infected by HIV continues to increase significantly every year. Conversely, the number<br />of HIV infected people from commercial sex workers decreased. This is due to HIV transmission from their husband or intimate partners who have risky behavior. This condition concern an increase in the number of cases of HIV transmission from mother to child. HIV-AIDS problems are expected immediately handled and focused on the prevention of HIV-AIDS on housewives. An attempt to strengthen human rights program on <br />women’s reproduction and improve women’s bargaining power to resist high risk sexual relations must be implemented sustainably.</p><p>HIV-AIDS merupakan fenomena krisis global dan tantangan yang berat bagi pembangunan dan kemajuan social, terutama bagi negara-negara miskin. Pada umumnya, penderita HIV-AIDS adalah orang dewasa yang berada dalam usia produktif dan hampir separuhnya adalah wanita. Komisi<br />Penanggulangan AIDS Nasional (KPAN) menyatakan bahwa jumlah ibu rumah tangga yang terinfeksi HIV di Indonesia terus meningkat secara signifikan setiap tahunnya, sebaliknya jumlah pekerja seks komersial yang terinfeksi HIV terus menurun. Hal tersebut disebabkan penularan HIV dari suami atau pasangan intim yang memiliki perilaku beresiko. Kondisi ini dikhawatirkan terjadi peningkatan jumlah kasus penularan dari ib ke anak. Permasalahan HIV diharapkan dapat segera ditangani dengan baik dan difokuskan pada pencegahan HIV-AIDS pada ibu rumah tangga. Seharusnya terus dilakukan upaya memperkuat program-program hak asasi reproduksi perempuan dan meningkatkan kekuatan menawar wanita untuk menolak hubungan seksual beresiko tinggi.</p><p><br /><br /></p>

Acquired Immunodeficiency in Children

1988 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 165-169
Author(s):  
Arye Rubinstein
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Sexual Transmission ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Pediatric Aids ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Infected Adult ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Male To Female

The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in children is closely linked to infected adult family members, usually the mother. Thus, a brief analysis of the epidemiology of AIDS in adults is necessary for the understanding of future trends in pediatric AIDS. AIDS was initially reported to occur in homosexual men. Subsequently, it was noted to occur in intravenous (IV) drug-abusing individuals, including women. The infection of women with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, has, however, not been restricted to IV-drug abusing women. It was soon recognized that a bidirectional heterosexual transmission does occur, with male to female transmission apparently being more efficient than female to male transmission. This form of sexual transmission may occur in more than 40% of regular sexual partners. Nationwide, the percentage of women with AIDS has doubled in 2 years to nearly 7%. Whether the female to male ratio of patients with AIDS will reach 1:1, as in Africa, is yet to be seen. New demographic studies have shown that AIDS in women, especially in those of childbearing age, is increasing dramatically. In New York City the leading cause of death in 1987 for women between the ages of 24 and 35 years was AIDS.

ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITY OF HERBAL IMMUNOMODULATORY PREPARATIONS NCV I AND AC II – AND THEIR USEFULNESS IN HIV INFECTION

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (11) ◽  
pp. 50-55
Author(s):  
S. T Tharakan ◽  
◽  
P. P. Binitha ◽  
R. Kuttan ◽  
G. Kuttan
Keyword(s):  
Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Vero Cells ◽  
Chick Embryos ◽  
The Past ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

NCV I and AC II are the two herbal immunomodulatory preparations being used in our centre for the treatment of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) for the past 20 years. The objective of this study is to check whether these drugs possess any antiviral activity in vitro and in vivo. In vitro antiviral activity was determined using Vero cells against Poliovirus. In vivo antiviral activity was determined in chick and duck embryonated eggs using New Castle Disease Virus (NDV), Egg Drop Syndrome (EDS) virus and also in NDV vaccinated chicks. NCV I and AC II decreased growth of poliovirus in culture. When the virus-inoculated Vero cells were treated with NCV I, the viral growth was inhibited by 59.87% and with AC II it was inhibited by 70.06%. When the chick embryos were treated with these viruses, there was no immediate lethality for 5 days but the haemagglutination titre (HA) was found to be significantly increased indicating an increase in viral load. The haemagglutination titre for NDV alone was found to be 1024 against normal untreated value of 128. In EDS treated duck eggs HA titre was found to be 4096. These titres were reduced to 4 in NCV I and 8 in AC II treated duck embryos. NCV I and AC II were also found to decrease the HA titre in chicks treated with NDV. These studies indicated the effectiveness of NCV I and AC II in HIV could be partially due to its antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Opportunistic Infections of AIDS Patients in East Java Province in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 96
Author(s):  
Gracia Satyawestri Pribadi ◽  
A.B. Firman Cahyono
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Opportunistic Infections ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Descriptive Research ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Background: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a health problem in East Java. Opportunistic infections are one of the causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and AIDS in Indonesia. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the characteristics and opportunistic infections of AIDS patients in East Java Province, 2018. Methods: This study was conducted as observational descriptive research, and a survey was used as the research design. The research location was in East Java Provincial Health Office, and the study was carried out in August 2019. We used secondary data taken from the results of surveillance of AIDS patients in 2018. The sampling method of the study was total sampling, with 1,138 AIDS patients. The variables studied included the patients’ characteristics (sex, age, type of work, and risk factors) as well as the number and types of opportunistic infections. Results: The majority of the AIDS patients in East Java in this sample were male (70.74%), belonged to the adults (26–45 years old) group (62.65%), and worked as employees/laborers (46.08%). In terms of sexual orientation, the majority were heterosexuals (81.81%) or homosexuals (10.63%). The majority of patients experienced one type of opportunistic infection (46.08%), with histoplasmosis (48.77%) and tuberculosis (TB) (42.62%) as the most frequently experienced opportunistic infections. Conclusion: Characteristics that are risk factors for contracting AIDS in East Java include being male, being of adult age, working as an employee/laborer, and being heterosexual. There are also risks of opportunistic infections, particularly histoplasmosis and TB.

scholarly journals Psychiatric Co-morbidity in HIV/AIDS: A Neglected Issue

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 6-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Subedi ◽  
P Chalise ◽  
TK Aich ◽  
DK Thapa
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV/AIDS epidemic remains among the most significant challenges to public healthcare systems worldwide . There are approximately 50,200 people living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA) in Nepal among the total 33 million PLHAs . Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a significant cause of death and disability, especially in developing countries. Studies have shown that there is a bidirectional link between Mental illness and HIV/AIDS. However, mental illnesses are under detected in HIV/AIDS care settings. In spite of a good financial support from international partners, PLHA in Nepal do not receive necessary psychiatric services. Psychiatric illness in patients with HIV/AIDS has been associated with negative health behaviors and poorer clinical outcomes. This article, therefore, aims to highlight this issue among the stakeholders by reviewing the research on the topic in Nepal and making them aware of the need to DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpan.v2i2.9718  J Psychiatrists’ Association of Nepal Vol.2, No.2, 2013 6-10

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