Speculations on Antineuronal Antibody-Mediated Neuropsychiatric Disorders of Childhood

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E. Swedo ◽  
Henrietta L. Leonard ◽  
Louise S. Kiessling
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Behavioral Disturbances ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Antineuronal Antibodies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Neurological Abnormalities ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Central Nervous System

Several converging lines of evidence suggest that some behavioral and neurological abnormalities of childhood may be mediated through antineuronal antibodies.1-3 These antineuronal antibodies appear to arise in response to group A [beta]-hemolytic streptococcal (GABHS) infections and to cross-react with cells within the central nervous system (CNS).4 Based on clinical observations of children with Sydenham's chorea, Tourette's syndrome (TS), and/or obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), we hypothesize that neuroimmunological dysfunction secondary to anti-neuronal antibodies may result in behavioral disturbances, such as anxiety, emotional lability, obsessive compulsive symptoms, hyperactivity, and sleep disturbances; and neurological abnormalities, such as motor and phonic tics, ballismus, chorea, and choreiform movements.

Disentangling Doubt and Checking Behaviors and Examining Their Association With Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 216770262199386
Author(s):  
Asher Y. Strauss ◽  
Isaac Fradkin ◽  
Jonathan D. Huppert
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Tracking ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Null Results ◽  
Unobtrusive Measure ◽  
Compulsive Checking ◽  
Tone Discrimination ◽  
Neutral Conditions ◽  
The Relationship

Experiencing doubt in an uncertain situation has been theorized to be an antecedent of compulsive checking. However, whether and when obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms are associated with experiencing doubt and increased checking is unclear. In this study, we investigated the relationship between OC symptoms, the experience of doubt, and checking in a tone-discrimination task. Doubt was measured using mouse tracking, an indirect, unobtrusive measure. The results of two studies ( N = 119) showed that OC symptoms were associated with elevated experiences of doubt when uncertainty was low. However, OC symptoms were not associated with increased checking, but doubt was. Results highlight the utility of mouse-tracking measures to capture the tendency of individuals with OC symptoms to experience doubt even under neutral conditions. The unexpected null results concerning checking suggest some specific directions for research to determine the conditions under which doubt evolves into checking in obsessive compulsive disorder.

The treatment of magical ideation in two individuals with obsessive compulsive disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle A. Einstein ◽  
Ross G. Menzies ◽  
Tamsen St Clare ◽  
Juliette Drobny ◽  
Fjola Dogg Helgadottir
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Video Clip ◽  
Magical Thinking ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Magical Ideation ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Pre Treatment

AbstractData collected from clinical populations indicate that magical ideation (MI) may play a causal or a mediating role in the expression of obsessive compulsive symptoms. If this is the case then when targeted in treatment, symptoms of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) should be altered. Two individuals diagnosed with OCD received a trial treatment targeting magical thinking. The intervention consisted of a series of procedures designed to undermine superstitious/MI without targeting obsessions or compulsions. The procedures involved critical analysis of the following material: (1) a free astrology offer; (2) a horoscope prediction exercise; (3) a description of four different cultural explanations of the origin of fire; (4) an instructive guide for Tarot card readers; (5) a report of a UFO sighting; (6) a video-clip describing a cult festival; (7) a description of a ‘hoax’ channeler and (8) a superstition exercise. Measures of obsessive compulsive symptoms, superstition, MI and thought–action fusion were administered pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 3 months’ follow-up. According to the twofold criterion of Jacobson et al. (Behaviour Therapy 1984, 15, 336–352), following treatment the patients were identified as being recovered on measures of magical and superstitious thinking and on the Padua Inventory.

Severity of Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms is Related to Self-Directedness Character Trait in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 607-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Cruz-Fuentes ◽  
Claudia Blas ◽  
Laura Gonzalez ◽  
Beatriz Camarena ◽  
Humberto Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Rating Scales ◽  
Character Trait ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Behavioral Features ◽  
Character Inventory

ABSTRACT:Objective:The present study examined the psychobiological Temperament and Character model of personality on obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) patients, as well as the relation of temperament and/or character dimensions on the severity of obsessive-compubive symptoms.Methods:Fifty-four subjects diagnosed with OCD, were assessed with the Temperament and Character Inventory, the Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive scale and the Hamilton Rating Scales for depression and anxiety.Results:Compared with controls, OCD subjects displayed increased harm avoidance and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness. Low self-directedness and high Hamilton depression scores were associated with increased severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms.Conclusions:The Temperament and Character profile of OCD patients characterized in the present stud personality model and can be linked to some of their behavioral features. Furthermore, our data provides support of the influence that some personality traits may have on the severity of OCD symptoms.

EEG-source estimates and vigilance regulation in obsessive compulsive disorder in comparison to healthy controls

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 977-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Olbrich ◽  
S. Olbrich ◽  
I. Jahn ◽  
U. Hegerl ◽  
K. Stengler
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Eeg Power

Neurophysiological hyperactivation of cortical and subcortical brain areas has been reported in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) using functional imaging techniques and electroencephalography (EEG). Also sleep disturbances and delayed sleep phases have been associated with OCD symptomatology. However, vigilance regulation in OCD during the transition phase from wakefulness to sleep onset remains unclear. Therefore the aim of this study was to analyze EEG-source estimates and EEG vigilance regulation in OCD patients in comparison to healthy controls.A 15 minute resting EEG was recorded in 30 unmedicated OCD patients and 30 healthy, age and gender matched controls. EEG power source estimates of the whole time series were computed by exact Low Resolution Brain Electromagnetic Tomography (eLORETA). Each consecutive one second EEG-segment was classified into one out of seven EEG-vigilance stages (0, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2/3, C) using Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL). The eLORETA analysis (log of F-ratios, p < 0.05, corrected for multiple comparison) revealed significantly increased delta power in the right superior frontal gyrus for OCD patients in comparison to healthy controls. Vigilance analysis yielded significantly increased amounts of high vigilance stage A2 (Mann-Whitney test, p < 0.001, corrected for multiple comparison) for OCD patients.This study repeated findings of altered EEG-power in frontal areas in OCD patients. Alterations of EEG-vigilance regulation were found with increased amounts of high vigilance stage A2. This is in line with a hypothesis of cortical hyperactivation in OCD. The value of EEG-vigilance as a possible biological marker for e.g. treatment response should be focus of further studies.

A case-control study of sleep disturbances in pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fern Jaspers-Fayer ◽  
Sarah Yao Lin ◽  
Laura Belschner ◽  
Janet Mah ◽  
Elaine Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Control Study

scholarly journals The Effect of Atorvastatin on Obsessive-compulsive Symptoms of Refractory Obsessive-compulsive Disorder (Add-on Therapy)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 90
Author(s):  
Parivash Moshfegh ◽  
Shahla Akouchekian ◽  
Victoria Omranifard ◽  
MohammadReza Maracy ◽  
Asiyeh Almasi
Keyword(s):  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Pathways to Inflated Responsibility Beliefs, Responsibility Attitudes and Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms: Factor Structure and Test of a Mediational Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 535-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Smári ◽  
Ástdís Þorsteinsdóttir ◽  
Lilja Magnúsdóttir ◽  
Unnur J. Smári ◽  
Daníel Þ. Ólason
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Factor Structure ◽  
Developmental Pathways ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Inflated Responsibility

Introduction: Inflated responsibility has been hypothesized as an important influence on OCD symptoms. According to Salkovskis and colleagues (1999) there are in turn five developmental pathways that lead to inflated responsibility. Coles and Schofield (2008) proposed the Pathways to Responsibility Beliefs Scale (PIRBS) as a measure of these pathways. Method: In the present study the psychometric properties of an Icelandic translation of the PIRBS were evaluated and its factor structure was studied in a confirmatory factor analysis. Further it was tested whether responsibility mediated between pathways to responsibility beliefs and OCD symptoms. Results: While neither a four nor a five-factor structure of the PIRBS was found to be wholly satisfactory; support for the latter was slightly better. Correlations of the PIRBS scales with measures of responsibility and obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms were moderate as expected. Support was found for a mediating role of responsibility attitudes between pathways measured by the PIRBS and OCD symptoms in support of Salkovskis and colleagues' theory (1999). Conclusion: The PIRBS is a promising approach to study the developmental precursors of inflated responsibility and OCD symptoms but its factor structure may need a revision

Disgust sensitivity predicts obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms above and beyond anxiety sensitivity and negative affectivity

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 145-145
Author(s):  
P. Chorot ◽  
B. Sandin ◽  
M.A. Santed ◽  
R.M. Valiente ◽  
M. Olmedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Affect ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Anxiety Sensitivity ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
State University ◽  
Disgust Sensitivity ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive ◽  
Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Compulsive Disorder

Introduction and aimsBoth anxiety sensitivity (AS) and negative affect (NA) are significant general predictors of anxiety disorders, including the obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD; Taylor, 1999). Recently, our group reported preliminary findings suggesting that disgust sensitivity was able to predict OCD symptoms, particularly contamination obsessions and washing compulsions, when controlling for AS and NA (Sandín et al., 2008). The present study examines whether disgust domains of the Cuestionario de Sensibilidad al Asco (CSA) [Disgust Sensitivity Questionnaire] predict obsessive-compulsive symptoms above and beyond AS and NA.MethodA sample of undergraduates completed the CSA (see Valiente et al.), the Padua Inventory-Whasington State University Revision (Burns et al., 1996), the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 (Taylor et al., 2007; Sandín et al., 2007), and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (Watson et al., 1988, Sandín et al., 1999).ResultsHierarchic regression analysis revealed that CSA was a better predictor of contamination obsessions and washing compulsions than anxiety sensitivity and negative affect. Also, CSA domains predicted differentially each obsessive-compulsive dimension.ConclusionsContamination-based OCD symptoms appears to be particularly associated to disgust sensitivity, specially with the CSA dimension of hygiene (it includes items such as “Seeing someone spit”, Touching the clothes of a beggar or homeless”). Assuming that contamination-based OCD is a very prevalent type of OCD, future studies on implication of this dimension in its development and/or maintenance is warranted.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document