Car Safety Seat Checkup

In modern society, a plenty of car accident is occurred and a lot of people get injury every day. For this reason, the importance of car safety has been increased and car safety has been extensively studied. Especially in many countries, the law about using baby safety seat is legislated to protect babies and children from accident. Thus, recently numerous products for baby safety have been developed. In this paper, a new type baby car seat is proposed to protect babies and children from frontal accident. In order to achieve this goal, design requirements of spring and MR(Magnetorheological) Damper which are main elements for a new type baby car seat are investigated.

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Cervical Spine Fractures Sustained by Young Children in Forward-Facing Car Seats

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.84.2.348 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 84 (2) ◽

pp. 348-354

Author(s):

Susan Fuchs ◽

Martha J. Barthel ◽

Ann Marie Flannery ◽

Katherine K. Christoffel

Keyword(s):

Cervical Spine ◽

Young Children ◽

Parent Education ◽

Health Care Professionals ◽

Motor Vehicle ◽

Cervical Spine Injuries ◽

Car Seats ◽

Number Of Children ◽

Car Safety ◽

Safety Seat

Child passenger safety restraint laws have reduced the number of children killed or injured in motor vehicle accidents in the past few years. However, the increased used of child safety seats has brought with it an increase in the misuse of these devices. High cervical spine injuries sustained by five children less than 2 years of age while in forward-facing car seats are described. In the cases of three children, the car safety seat use was correct. Misuse of car seats and anatomic and biomechanical factors in the cervical spines of infants and young children appear to have contributed to the occurrence of these previously rare injuries. Like seat belts, car safety seats are now a factor in child passenger injury characteristics, and therefore, car safety seat design merits reevaluation. In light of this development, public and parent education by health care professionals concerning the correct use of car safety seats is necessary.

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A Randomized Controlled Trial of Prenatal Pediatric Visits for Urban, Low-income Families

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.98.6.1069 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 98 (6) ◽

pp. 1069-1075

Author(s):

Janet R. Serwint ◽

Modena E. H. Wilson ◽

Judith W. Vogelhut ◽

John T. Repke ◽

Henry M. Seidel

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Low Income ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Control Group ◽

Health Maintenance ◽

Car Safety ◽

Low Income Families ◽

Safety Seat

Background. Prenatal pediatric visits have been recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics to allow the pediatrician to counsel parents on infant care issues, establish a supportive relationship, and provide pediatric practice information to parents. We hypothesized that prenatal pediatric visits would have an impact on breastfeeding decisions, health care behaviors, health care utilization, and the doctor-patient relationship. Methods. We conducted a randomized controlled trial of prenatal pediatric visits for urban, low-income families to measure the impact on breastfeeding decisions, infant car safety seat use, circumcision, health maintenance, and emergency room visits and the pediatrician's perception that he/she would know the mother better. Pregnant women were recruited prenatally from the obstetrics clinic. Outcomes were measured by maternal interview prenatally and when the infant was 2 months old, in addition to review of the nursery record. Physicians were interviewed after the 2-month visit. Health care utilization was measured by chart review at 7 months. Results. A total of 156 pregnant women were enrolled and randomized, 81 to the intervention group and 75 to the control group. Of mothers who breastfed, 45% in the intervention group changed their mind in favor of breastfeeding after enrollment compared with 14% in the control group. Mothers in the intervention group compared with the control group were more likely to make fewer emergency room visits, 0.58 compared with 1.0. Pediatricians were more likely to think that they knew mothers in the intervention group well, 54% versus 29% in the control group, yet 67% of mothers in both groups agreed their pediatrician knew them well. There were no differences between groups in initiation or duration of breastfeeding at 30 or 60 days, infant car safety seat use, circumcision, or health maintenance visits. Conclusions. Prenatal pediatric visits have potential impact on a variety of health care outcomes. Among urban, low-income mothers, we found beneficial effects on breastfeeding decisions, a decrease in emergency department visits, and an initial impact on the doctor-patient relationship. We suggest urban practices actively promote prenatal pediatric visits.

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Safe Transportation of Newborns Discharged From the Hospital

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.86.3.486 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 86 (3) ◽

pp. 486-487

Author(s):

Keyword(s):

The United States ◽

Child Passenger Safety ◽

American Academy Of Pediatrics ◽

Passenger Safety ◽

Policies And Procedures ◽

Car Safety ◽

Obstetric Services ◽

Serious Injury ◽

First Time ◽

Safety Seat

All newborns discharged from hospitals should be transported home in infant car safety seats that are designed appropriately to safely transport healthy newborns, premature infants, or infants with special needs. Assuring that newborns are restrained properly when riding for the first time sets the stage for continued compliance with a measure that can save their lives or prevent serious injury. Correctly used infant/child safety seats are 71% effective in preventing fatalities due to car crashes, and 67% effective in preventing injury requiring hospitalization.1 With 100% correct use, about 53 000 injuries and 500 deaths could be prevented each year in the United States among children from birth to 4 years of age.2 Although the Every Ride, Safe Ride program of the American Academy of Pediatrics has made major contributions to child passenger safety, including the passage of legislation in all 50 states requiring infants and children to ride properly restrained, newborns continue to be discharged from hospitals without infant car safety seats or in ones that are not being used correctly. A recent study of hospital discharge policies and procedures has shown that only 26% of hospitals with obstetric services have a policy concerning the discharge of newborns in car safety seats. Of those hospitals that have a policy, 64% waive the requirement that newborns be discharged in a car safety seat if the parents do not supply a seat upon discharge.3 A similar study of hospitals accounting for 90% of annual births in Michigan showed that only 24% of hospitals discuss the use of car safety seats with parents, and only 4% demonstrate their use.4

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