scholarly journals Morphological variability of Bembidion minimum (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 250-269
Author(s):  
V. O. Komlyk ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Plant Cover ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Angular Characteristic ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Morphological variability is the result of interaction between genetic diversity of the population and environmental selection. Despite the large number of studies of morphological variability of ground beetles, there is very little research dedicated to influence of environmental factors on it. This article discusses the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on the variability of Bembidion minimum (Fabricius, 1792). B. minimum is a West Palearctic species which is distributed in North Africa, Europe, Western Asia. It is a macropterous species that lives in humid biotopes along the shores of seas, rivers and standing water bodies. 410 specimens were collected from 12 ecosystems differing by plant cover, degree of litter development, mechanical composition of the soil, mineralization and acidity of soil solution, type and intensity of anthropogenic impact. 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic, density of elytra puncturing and contrast of spots on the beetles’ elytra were measured. Additionally 6 morphometric indices were calculated. More than a third of the variability of imagoes in the studied populations was found to be determined by the general body size. Sexual dimorphism was observed on all linear parameters and most morphometric indices. Females do not differ from males in the back angles of the prothorax. Natural and anthropogenic factors to a greater or lesser degree were shown to affect the morphological variability of B. minimum: soil acidity and mineralization have the greatest impact. The soil acidity causes significant variability of most linear parameters; mineralization – body length, head length, prothorax length and width, elytra width. Plant cover and mechanical composition of the soil have a slight impact on imago morphology. The type and structure of vegetation significantly affect head width, prothorax length and width, and the mechanical composition of the soil – body length and head length. Degree of litter development does not cause significant changes in the linear dimensions of beetles. With thickening of the litter the posterior spots on the elytra become brighter, they have sharper contours, and density of elytra puncturing also changes. The mean value of the back angles is affected by the herb layer of meadow vegetation, soil mineralization and acidity. The variability of morphometric indexes under the influence of natural factors was found to be lower than variability of linear characteristics. The recreational load and cattle grazing cause similar changes in linear measurements and morphometric indexes of B. minimum. With escalation of these factors, the body length, length and width of elytra of both females and males decrease. Assessing the natural morphological variability of populations in ecosystems whose environmental factors are within extreme and sub-extreme values for a given population is a promising direction of research in modern ecology.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of Bembidion varium (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in gradient of soil salinity

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Komlyk ◽  
Viktor Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Soil Salinity ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Angular Characteristic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

AbstractThis article discusses the effect of soil salinity on the variability of Bembidion (Notaphus) varium (Oliver, 1795). The authors of the article collected imagoes of this species in five ecosystems that differed in soil salinity; 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic and 6 morphometric indices were measured. Significant changes in six linear parameters of B. varium (body length, head length and width, width of prothorax between front angles, maximum width of prothorax and elytra width) and two morphometric indices are observed in the considered ecosystems. Soil salinity probably has the most impact on the variability of these characteristics. However, the influence of other important natural and anthropogenic factors is not ruled out. Significant differences between the sexes are observed for all linear parameters: females of B. varium are larger than males. There are no differences between males and females in morphometric indices. The head width, prothorax length and width, elytra length and width depend on the body length of B. varium individuals. The morphological variability of B. varium under the influence of other environmental factors needs further research.

scholarly journals Morphological variability of Bembidion aspericolle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) populations in conditions of anthropogenic impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-25
Author(s):  
V. O. Komlyk ◽  
V. V. Brygadyrenko
Keyword(s):  
Body Length ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Angular Characteristic ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
The Impact

Bembidion (Talanes) aspericolle (Germar, 1829) is a Western Palearctic species which lives on the shores of the Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean, Black and Caspian Seas and saline inland habitats from Central Europe to Central Asia. Anthropogenic impact is one of the most important environmental factors affecting the morphological variability of ground beetles. The objective of our research is assessment of the morphological variability of this species in three ecosystems differing by intensity of anthropogenic impact. 13 linear characteristics, one angular characteristic, density of pores on the prothorax and elytra, contrast of spots on the beetles’ elytra were measured, and 6 morphometric indices were calculated. The mean value of body length in females is more than in males in the studied populations. In the ecosystem with high anthropogenic pressure, female body length is shorter by 3.7% and elytra length is shorter by 6.0% than in females in the ecosystem with low anthropogenic impact. Differences between populations in the body length of males are not significant. In the ecosystem with high anthropogenic transformation, sexual dimorphism is observed only on head and prothorax width. The ratio of maximum width of elytra to maximum prothorax width decreases significantly with increasing anthropogenic load. The impact of anthropogenic factors on the ecosystem produces significant changes in elytra length and head width of B. aspericolle and in four of the six morphometric indices. It is reasonable to use these morphometric characteristics of B. aspericolle adults in bioindication. The complex of anthropogenic factors does not have a significant impact on the value of anterior and posterior angles of prothorax, density of prothorax and elytra puncturing and contrast of the light spots at the top of the elytra. The sex of the specimen influences all linear characteristics. The absence of significant differences in morphometric indices between males and females shows that the body proportions of the beetles remain unchanged and only linear dimensions vary. Research on the morphological variability of B. aspericolle is important for understanding microevolutionary processes in populations of beetles under anthropogenically induced changes in the environment.

scholarly journals Assessment of body weight and morphological traits of two breed of grower pigs using principal component analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
P.O. Akporhuarho ◽  
O. Iriakpe
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Component Analysis ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Large White ◽  
Poids Corporel ◽  
The Mean

The study aimed at explaining objectively the relationship between morphologic traits of two breeds of pigs (Large-white and Duroc) using principal component analysis to determine the body size of grower pigs of two different breeds with a view of identifying components that best define body conformation. Body weight and five biometric variables namely head length, body length, body girth, ham length and ear length. The descriptive statistics showed that the mean body weight of Large-white was 13.14kg while the body measurements were 24.61cm, 71.35cm, 65.12cm, 43.13cm and 21.94cm for head length, body length, body girth, ham length and ear length respectively at 5 – 24 weeks of age. The mean body weight of Duroc was 12.87kg while the body measurements were 23.70cm, 57.93cm, 47.93cm, 22.90cm, 19.26cm for head length, body length, body girth, ham length and ear length respectively. The coefficient of correlation ranges from 0.08-0.424 and 0.01-0.402 for Large-white and Duroc respectively. The association between and were the highest for Duroc, body length r=0.402 and Large-white, body girth 0.424. Two components were identified for Large-white while those of Duroc were three components. The ratios of variance were 53.55 and 71.07% for Large-white and Duroc, respectively. The first factor in each case accounted for the biggest percentage of the total variation, and was designated the general size, the other factors (indices of body shape) offer forms of variation independent of the general size. The principal component based regression models which were chosen for selecting animals for optimal balance accounted for 58 and 76% of the variation in the body weight for Large-white and Duroc respectively. The study concluded that the use of principal component analysis techniques tends to explore the interdependence in the original five parameters measured: head length, body length, body girth, ham length and ear length of Large-white and Duroc     L'étude explique objectivement la relation entre les traits morphologiques de deux races de porcs (gros blanc et de Duroc) à l'aide d'une analyse de composants principaux afin de déterminer la taille du corps des porcs de producteurs de deux races différentes en vue d'identifier les composants qui définissent le mieux la conformation corporelle. Poids corporel et cinq variables biométriques, nommément longueur de la tête, longueur du corps, circonférence du corps, longueur du jambon et longueur de l'oreille. Les statistiques descriptives ont montré que le poids corporel moyen de gros blanc était de 13,14 kg tandis que les mesures du corps étaient de 24,61 cm, 71,35 cm, 65,12 cm, 43,13 cm et 21,94 cm pour la longueur de la tête, la longueur du corps, la circonférence du corps, la longueur du jambon et la longueur de l'oreille respectivement à 5 - 24 semaines. Le poids corporel moyen de Duroc était de 12,87 kg tandis que les mesures du corps étaient de 23,70 cm, 57,93 cm, 47,93 cm, 22,90 cm, 19,26 cm pour la longueur de la tête, la longueur du corps, la circonférence du corps, la longueur du jambon et la longueur de l'oreille respectivement. Le coefficient de corrélation varie de 0,08 à 0,424 et de 0,01 à 0,402 pour les gros blancs et Duroc respectivement. L'association entre et étaient les plus élevées pour Duroc, la longueur du corps R = 0,402 et de gros blancs, la circonférence du corps 0,424. Deux composants ont été identifiés pour les gros blancs tandis que ceux de Duroc étaient trois composants. Les ratios de variance étaient respectivement de 53,55 et 71,07% pour les gros blancs et Duroc. Le premier facteur de chaque cas représentait le plus gros pourcentage de la variation totale et a été désigné la taille générale, les autres facteurs (indices de la forme du corps) offrent des formes de variation indépendantes de la taille générale. Les principaux modèles de régression basés sur les composants choisis pour sélectionner des animaux pour un solde optimal représentaient 58 et 76% de la variation du poids corporel pour les grands blancs et Duroc respectivement. L'étude a conclu que l'utilisation de techniques d'analyse des composants principaux a tendance à explorer l'interdépendance dans les cinq paramètres d'origines mesurées: longueur de la tête, longueur du corps, circonférence corporelle, longueur du jambon et longueur de l'oreille de grosse blanc et de Duroc

Prediction of body dimensions of Mule and Scottish Blackface ewes from measurement of body weight

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 491-495 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Sharples ◽  
J. Dumelow
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
Body Dimensions ◽  
Biological Basis ◽  
Weight Range

ABSTRACTThe body dimensions and live weight of 126 Mule (Bluefaced Leicester × Scottish Blackface) and Scottish Blackface ewes were measured during the 1986/87 housing season. Body dimensions included: head and neck length, body length, diagonal body length, height to withers, height to rump, girth at widest point, heart girth, width at widest point and width at shoulders. It was found that most body dimensions varied greatly with body weight. However, some body dimensions such as head length were found to be independent of weight within the weight range studied. Prediction equations are presented for each body dimensions for unshorn sheep.These predictions can be used as a basis for the design of sheep housing, for example, trough space allowances, design of feeders or as a biological basis for space allowance.

scholarly journals PERBANDINGAN MORFOMETRIK KUDA DI KECAMATAN TOMPASO BARAT DAN DI NUSANTARA POLO CLUB BOGOR JAWA BARAT

ZOOTEC ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Grantino F. Turangan ◽  
Umar Paputungan ◽  
Zulkifli Poli ◽  
Agustinus Lomboan
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Length ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Neck Length ◽  
West Java ◽  
Chest Girth

This study was done to evaluate the phenotypic comparison of the body measurements for genetic improvement of running horses at West Tompaso district and those at Nusantara Polo Club Bogor West Java.. Total of forty four running horses consisted of twenty two horses from Nusantara Polo Club Bogor and twenty two horses from West Tompaso district were used in this study. Observation was conducted on November 2016 - January 2017 using purposive sampling method to measure body size of horses. The pregnant horses were excluded in this. The variables measured in this study were including chest girth, chest wide, chest depth, shoulder height, hip height, hip wide, body length, neck length, head wide, and head length. Results showed that body measurements of horses at West Tompaso district tended bigger in the sizes of hip wide, head wide and head length compared with those of horses at Nusantara Polo Club Bogor West Java. While, the body measurements of horses at Nusantara Polo Club Bogor West Java tended bigger in the sizes of chest girth, shoulder height, body length and neck length compared with those at West Tompaso district.Key words: Morfometrik, horse

scholarly journals The Effects of Locality and Host Plant on the Body Size of Aeolothrips intermedius (Thysanoptera: Aeolothripidae) in the Southwest of Poland

Insects ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gruss ◽  
Twardowski ◽  
Cierpisz
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Body Length ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
The Body ◽  
Head Width ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Almost All

Aeolothrips intermedius is a thrips predator often found in phytocoenoses worldwide. Both the adults and larvae of this species prey on small invertebrates, including phytophagous species from Thysanoptera group. The aim of this study was to determine the morphological variability of the A. intermedius relative to the locality and, indirectly, to the species of host plant. Insects were collected from five localities in southwest Poland and five different host plants. For each of the sexes, six morphometric features were assessed: body length, length of antennae, wing length, head length, head width and length of pronotum. Additionally, the body mass for each individual was estimated. The findings revealed that in females, both the locality and host plant had a significant impact on almost all of these features. In males, the morphometric features under study correlated strongly with locality and only moderately with the host plant. Certain differences were observed between males and females, mainly in terms of antennae length. The results show that A. intermedius exhibits significant variability in this respect, which is indicative of the species’ phenotypic plasticity. The body length was the trait with the most distinct response to the locality and host plant.

scholarly journals Forest fire hazard assessment by clustering and using neural networks under unstability and uncertainty

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Tatiana Sergeevna Stankevich
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Forest Fire ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Minimum Distance ◽  
Fire Risk ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Forest Fire Risk ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

The paper focuses on the data on forest fires and identification of key natural and anthropogenic factors that are crucial for forest management, especially, for developing and implementing the fire safety measures. In recent decades, there have been observed the increased environmental, social and economic losses from the forest fires on a global scale, which has required stepped-up fire-fighting surveillance, especially in the preventive forest fire risk assessment. In all the variety of modern approaches aimed at assessing the fire hazards to the forests and taking into account the effecting environmental factors, most of them are based on simplified calculations and do not take into account different factors, mainly anthropological ones. The purpose of the study is to assess the forest fire risk depending on the environmental factors by using cluster analysis in conditions of instability and uncertainty. It could help applying the integrated approach to forest fire risk assessing in order to take into account both natural and anthropogenic factors in difficult conditions. To assess the forest fire risk, there were used the data obtained by MODIS spectroradiometer from January 1, 2014 to November 24, 2019: latitude; longitude; acquisition time and date. The following parameters were used as additional: Fire Weather Index; minimum distance to an inhabited locality; minimum distance to the road (highway or railway); minimum distance to the water area; holiday / day off; potential value. According to the results of the spatial distribution of forest fires and taking into account the data on the environmental factors there have been formed three clusters; there has been revealed a key relationship between the probability of a forest fire and proximity to the inhabited locality. There has been submitted the index of forest fire risk assessment (the Fire Weather and Human Index (FWHI)) based on the natural and anthropogenic impacts. Identification of social and biophysical aspects of the community exposure to fires and the adaptation of the existing fire prevention strategy will improve the forest fire safety system.

Equus roundworms (Parascaris spp.) are undergoing divergence due to natural and anthropogenic factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Han ◽  
Tianming Lan ◽  
Yaxian Lu ◽  
Mengchao Zhou ◽  
Haimeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Strong Positive Selection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Work Supports ◽  
Natural And Anthropogenic Factors

Abstract The evolution of parasites is often directly affected by the host's environment or behavior. Studies on the evolution of the same parasites in different hosts are extremely attractive and highly relevant to our understanding of divergence and speciation. Here we presented the first molecular evidence of divergence of Equus roundworms in different hosts (horses, zebras and donkeys). At the genetic level, Equus roundworms were mainly separated into two clades (Horse-derived and Zebra & Donkey-derived). This divergence began at 600–1500 years ago, which interestingly coincided with the domestication history of horses. We found that most of the key enzymes related to glycolysis were under strong positive selection in zebra & donkey-derived roundworms, indicating that the evolution of the metabolic level was one of the main reasons for the divergence. In addition, we conducted a selective scan of resistance-related genes and found that the three populations were under different degrees of selection. This prompted us to pay attention to the possible impact of drugs on divergence, not just the drug resistance. This work supports that divergence or speciation is a continuous and dynamic process, and continuous monitoring of environmental factors is conducive to further understanding the adaptive evolution of roundworms.

Questions on the role of biofilms for the adaptation of microorganisms to unfavorable environmental factors by the example of P. aeruginosa

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Vasily N. Afonyushkin ◽  
N. A. Donchenko ◽  
Ju. N. Kozlova ◽  
N. A. Davidova ◽  
V. Yu. Koptev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Infectious Agent ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
The Body ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Pathogenic Potential ◽  
The Face

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a widely represented species of bacteria possessing of a pathogenic potential. This infectious agent is causing wound infections, fibrotic cystitis, fibrosing pneumonia, bacterial sepsis, etc. The microorganism is highly resistant to antiseptics, disinfectants, immune system responses of the body. The responses of a quorum sense of this kind of bacteria ensure the inclusion of many pathogenicity factors. The analysis of the scientific literature made it possible to formulate four questions concerning the role of biofilms for the adaptation of P. aeruginosa to adverse environmental factors: Is another person appears to be predominantly of a source an etiological agent or the source of P. aeruginosa infection in the environment? Does the formation of biofilms influence on the antibiotic resistance? How the antagonistic activity of microorganisms is realized in biofilm form? What is the main function of biofilms in the functioning of bacteria? A hypothesis has been put forward the effect of biofilms on the increase of antibiotic resistance of bacteria and, in particular, P. aeruginosa to be secondary in charcter. It is more likely a biofilmboth to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and provide topical competition in the face of food scarcity. In connection with the incompatibility of the molecular radii of most antibiotics and pores in biofilm, biofilm is doubtful to be capable of performing a barrier function for protecting against antibiotics. However, with respect to antibodies and immunocompetent cells, the barrier function is beyond doubt. The biofilm is more likely to fulfill the function of storing nutrients and providing topical competition in conditions of scarcity of food resources.

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